ArticlePDF Available

Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics Of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable oil methyl Ester blends and diesel blends

Authors:
Swarup Kumar Nayak at KIIT University
Swarup Kumar Nayak
Saipad B.B.P.J. Sahu at Biju Patnaik University of Technology
Saipad B.B.P.J. Sahu
Sibakanta Sahu at Gandhi Institute for Technological Advancement
Sibakanta Sahu
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract and Figures

The present research work involves the production of methyl ester from various vegetable oils like Karanja oil and application of with diesel blend as alternative fuel in a diesel engine to investigate on the engine performance and emission characteristics. The methyl ester is obtained by base catalyzed transesterification process which is then blended with diesel in various volume proportions. The use of additive in blended fuels reduces the ignition delay and combustion period of a diesel engine and lowers the sulfur and nitrogen oxide emissions. The investigation shows that the brake thermal efficiency increases upto 80% load and then decreases. The highest brake thermal efficiency is obtained for diesel. The brake specific fuel consumption decreases upto 80% load and then increases. The exhaust gas temperature increases linearly with load and is highest for pure biodiesel. The engine emission analysis with the above test fuels show that CO, CO2, HC and smoke emissions increase with load for all test fuels. The NOx emission increases with load and is highest for pure biodiesel. From the results obtained during the ongoing experimental investigation it may be concluded that the Karanja oil methyl ester blends with diesel can be successfully used in a compression ignition engine without degrading the engine performance and emission.
Figures - uploaded by Swarup Kumar Nayak
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Swarup Kumar Nayak
Content may be subject to copyright.
Content uploaded by Swarup Kumar Nayak
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Swarup Kumar Nayak on Jan 23, 2016
Content may be subject to copyright.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development
e-ISSN: 2278-067X, p-ISSN: 2278-800X, www.ijerd.com
Volume 10, Issue 2 (February 2014), PP.120-126
120
Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics
Of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable oil methyl
Ester blends and diesel blends
Saipad B.B.P.J Sahu1, Swarup Kumar Nayak2, Sibakanta Sahu3
1,2,3Department of Mechanical Engineering, GITA, Bhubaneswar- 752054, Odisha, India
Abstract:- The present research work involves the production of methyl ester from various vegetable oils like
Karanja oil and application of with diesel blend as alternative fuel in a diesel engine to investigate on the engine
performance and emission characteristics. The methyl ester is obtained by base catalyzed transesterification
process which is then blended with diesel in various volume proportions. The use of additive in blended fuels
reduces the ignition delay and combustion period of a diesel engine and lowers the sulfur and nitrogen oxide
emissions. The investigation shows that the brake thermal efficiency increases upto 80% load and then
decreases. The highest brake thermal efficiency is obtained for diesel. The brake specific fuel consumption
decreases upto 80% load and then increases. The exhaust gas temperature increases linearly with load and is
highest for pure biodiesel. The engine emission analysis with the above test fuels show that CO, CO2, HC and
smoke emissions increase with load for all test fuels. The NOx emission increases with load and is highest for
pure biodiesel. From the results obtained during the ongoing experimental investigation it may be concluded
that the Karanja oil methyl ester blends with diesel can be successfully used in a compression ignition engine
without degrading the engine performance and emission.
Keywords:- Vegetable oil; Biodiesel; Transesterification; Performance; Emission.
I. INTRODUCTION
The world energy demand is increasing at a very faster rate which is responsible for the world
economic crisis. This present energy crisis in the world has created new challenges for scientists and researchers
to find another suitable alternative to the vastly popular petroleum products as the engine fuels. This increases
the global demand for exploration of the renewable energy sources through a sustainable approach [1-3]. Some
common renewable energy sources are being hydropower, wind energy, solar energy, geothermal, biomass,
biofuels etc. Extensive research is being carried out by most of the developed and developing countries for the
development of renewable fuels for future use in engines [4, 5]. There is huge demand for non renewable energy
sources and this demand is increasing day by day, where in the future the demand to supply ratio of
nonrenewable energy sources is unbalanced which leads to energy crises. Work is going on for production of
alternative fuels using renewable energy sources. The best alternative fuel for engines being biodiesel [5-7].
A. Transesterification Reaction
Transesterification is a process of producing a reaction in triglyceride and alcohol in presence of a
catalyst to produce glycerol and ester. Molecular weight of a typical ester molecule is roughly one third that of
typical oil molecule and therefore has a lower viscosity [8]. Alkalis (NaOH, KOH), acid (H2SO4.HCl, or enzymes
(lipase) catalyzed reaction. Alkali catalyzed Transesterification is faster than acid catalyzed Transesterification is
most often used commercially, because the reaction is reversible, excess alcohol is used to shift the equilibrium
to product side. Alcohols are primary and secondary monohydric aliphatic alcohols (1-8 Carbon atoms) [8, 9]. In
the Transesterification process, methanol and ethanol are more common. Methanol is extensively used because of
its low cost and its physiochemical advantages with triglycerides and alkalis are dissolved in it. To complete
Transesterification stoichiometrically 3:1 molar ratio of alcohol to triglycerides is needed [10-12]. Studies have
been carried out in different oils such as soybean, sunflower, ape, coconut, palm, used frying oil, Jatropha, rubber
seed and coconut seed. Mostly biodiesel is produced by Base catalyzed Transesterification of the oil as it is most
economical. Here the process is reaction of triglycerides (oil/fat) with alcohol to form esters (biodiesel) and
glycerol (by product) [12, 13]. During this process the triglycerides is reacted with alcohol in the presence of a
catalyst, usually a strong alkaline like sodium hydroxide. The chemical reaction which describes preparation of
biodiesel is:
Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable...
121
Fig. 1: Reaction scheme for transesterification
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS
B. Karanja Tree (Pongamia Pinnate)
Karanja (Pongamia pinnate) is a tree which plentily grows in forest lands of western ghats of India. The
average life of Karanja tree is 80-100 years and it grows upto a height of 40 ft. It can grow in humid and sub
tropical environment within suitable temperature range between 5-50 0C and an average annual rainfall of 600-
2500 mm. The average yield of kernel per tree is about 9-90 kg per year and the oil production potential is
approximately 1,35,000 metric tons per year in India [8].
C. Methodology
Fig. 2: Flow chart for vegetable oil methyl ester preparation.
Table 1 Parameters of the processes
Sl.No
Process parameters
Description
1
Process selected
Alkali catalyzed transesterification
2
Volume of oil being used
1000 ml of raw mahua oil
3
Reaction temperature
50-550C
4
Methanol used
120 ml/kg of oil
5
Catalyst used
KOH , 0.5-1 % per kg of oil
6
Stirring speed
500 rpm
7
Reaction time
1.5-2 hours
8
Settling time
8-10 hours
9
Water wash
4-5 times (40 min.)
Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable...
122
Fig. 3: Separation of biodiesel and glycerol.
D. Characteristics of test fuels
Table II: Comparison of fuel properties for diesel and biodiesel
Sl.No
Properties of fuel
Unit
Diesel
Biodiesel
1
Kinematic viscosity at 40 0 C
cSt.
4.57
5.39
2
Specific gravity at 15 0 C
-
0.8668
0.8712
3
Flash point
0C
42
157
4
Fire point
0C
68
183
5
Pour point
0C
-18
2
6
Cloud point
0C
-3
16
7
Cetane index
-
50.6
51.2
8
Calorific value
KJ/Kg-K
42850
42293
E. Experimentation
Fig. 4: Picture of the test rig.
Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable...
123
F. The Test Engine
The experimental setup consist of single cylinder, four stroke, vertical water cooled, direct injection
diesel engine. The test bed comprises of eddy current dynamometer, orifice meter in conjunction with U-tube
manometer. The specification of the test engine is provided in Table 3. The fuel consumption rate is estimated
with the help of a measuring burette and the engine emission analysis is carried out with a NETEL exhaust gas
analyzer and an AVL 437 smoke meter.
Table III: Engine Specification
Particulars
Description
Engine type
Single cylinder, 4-stroke. vertical water
cooled diesel engine
Bore diameter
80 mm
Stroke length
110 mm
Compression ratio
16:1
Rated power
3.67 KW
Rated speed
1500 rpm
Dynamometer
Eddy current dynamometer
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Fig. 5: BP with Load (%)
Figure 5 shows the variation of brake power with respect to percentage of load. The above result
shows that diesel has highest BP for varying loads when compared with other test fuels. Brake power developed
with B20 blend is somewhat close enough to that of diesel [8, 10].
Fig. 6: BSFC with BMEP
Figure 6 shows the variation of BSFC with respect to BMEP. The above result shows that BSFC
reduces with increase in BMEP. It is highest for pure biodiesel and lowest for diesel because the heating value is
very low and high viscosity of the biodiesel blends [4, 8].
Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable...
124
Fig. 7: BTE with BMEP
Figure 7 shows the variation of BTE with respect to BMEP. The above result shows that BTE
increases as BMEP increase. It was observed that BTE was higher for diesel when compared with biodiesel and
its blends. When there is increase in blending of biodiesel, there is a decrease in BTE because of high viscosity
of biodiesel. Therefore the test fuels are more viscous for which they have a low heating value [4, 8].
Fig. 8: CO with load (%)
Figure 8 shows the variation of CO with respect to load. The above result shows that at lower load
there is decrease in CO emissions but at higher loads CO emission increases. The lowest and highest CO
emission was obtained for B50 and B20 at low and full load conditions. This may be due to the reason that at
low load total power output is low which complete combustion. Similarly at higher load total power output is
high which causes incomplete combustion [14, 15].
Fig. 9: Smoke Opacity with load (%)
Figure 9 shows the variation of smoke opacity with respect to load. The above result shows that smoke
emission increases with increase in load for all test fuels. B50 blend produce less smoke incomparision with
other test fuels because of better combustion as there is sufficient avaliability of oxygen in biodiesel [8, 16]].
Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable...
125
Fig. 10: HC with load (%)
Figure 10 shows the variation of HC with respect to load. The above result shows that HC emission
increases with increase in load and is highest for diesel when compared with other test fuels. B50 blend has
lowest HC emission at high load of all the test fuels [4, 8].
IV. CONCLUSIONS
From the above experimental data we may conclude that:
1. The BP was found to be increasing with increase in load (%). BP was highest for diesel and lowest for
B50 blend. B20 blend curve was somewhat close to that of diesel curve.
2. The CO emission decreases with increase in load, but at 60% CO emission increases with increase in lo
ad and was lowest for B20 blend at full load condition.
3. The smoke emission increases with increase in load, B50 blend have the lowest smoke emission at full
load when compared with all other test fuels.
4. The HC emission gradually increases with increase in load, B50 blend have the lowest HC emission of
all the test fuels.
REFERENCES
[1]. R.K. Pandey, A. Rehman, R.M. Sarviya and S. Dixit, “Development of clean burning fuel for
compression ignition engines,” Asian J. exp. Sci , vol. 23, pp. 223-234, 2009.
[2]. R.K. Singh and S.K. Padhi, “Characterization of jathropa oil for the preparation of biodiesel,” Natural
product radiance, vol. 8, pp. 127-132, 2009.
[3]. H. Mulimani, O.D. Hebbal and M.C. Navindgi, “Extraction of biodiesel from vegetable oil and their
comparisons,” International journal of advance scientific research and technology, 2(2), 242-250.
[4]. S.K. Padhi and R.K. Singh, “Non-edible oil as the potential source for the production of biodiesel in
india: A review,” J. Chem. phar. Res., vol. 3, pp. 39-49, 2011.
[5]. P.P. Sonune and H.S. Farkade,” Performance and emission of C.I engine fuelled with pre heated
vegetable oil and its blend: A Review,” International journal of engineering and innovative technology,
vol. 2, pp. 123-127, 2012.
[6]. M.R. Heyderiazad, R. Khatibi nasab, S. Givtaj and S.J Amadi Chatabi, “Biofuels production process
and the net effect of biomass energy production on the environment,” World renewable energy congress,
pp. 524-529, 2011.
[7]. M. Pugazhvadivu, and G. Sankaranarayana, “Experimental studies on a diesel engine using mahua oil
as fuel,” Indian journal of science and technology, vol. 3, pp. 787-791, 2010.
[8]. N. Shrivastava, S.N. Varma and M. Pandey, “Experimental study on the production of karanja oil
methyl ester and its effect on diesel engine,” Int. journal of renewable energy developement, vol. 1, pp.
115-122, 2012.
[9]. M.K. Ghosal, D.K. Das, S.C. Pradhan, and N. Sahoo, “Performance study of diesel engine by using
mahua methyl ester (biodiesel) and its blend with diesel fuel,” Agricultural engineering international:
the CIGR E journal, vol. 10, pp. 1-9, 2008.
[10]. M. Kumar and O. Singh, “Study of biodiesel as fuel for C I engines and its environmental effects: A
research review,” International journal of advances in engineering and technology, vol. 5, pp. 100-107,
2013
Investigation on the performance and Emission characteristics of a diesel engine fuelled with vegetable...
126
[11]. S.S. Rajit, S.K. Mohapatra and K. Kundu, “Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine
fuelled with methyl ester of neem oil and filtered neem oil,” Journal of scientific and Industrial
research, vol. 69, pp. 62-66, 2010.
[12]. A.H. Lenin, R. Ravi and K. Thyagarajan, “Performance characteristics of a diesel engine using mahua
biodiesel as alternate fuel,” Iranica journal of energy and environment, vol. 4, pp. 136-141, 2013.
[13]. H. Raheman, and S.V. Ghadge, S.V., “Performance of compression ignition engine with mahua
( madhuca indica) biodiesel,” Fuel, vol. 86, pp. 2568-2573, 2007.
[14]. S. Puhana, N. Vedaraman, V.B. Bojanna Ram, G. Sankaranarayana and K. Jaychandran, “Mahua oil
(madhuca indica seed oil) methyl ester used as biodiesel preparation and emission characteristics,
Biomass and bioenergy, vol. 28, pp. 87-93, 2005.
[15]. S. Godiganur, “Performance and emission characteristics of a kirloskar HA394 diesel engine operated
on mahua oil ethyl ester,” Thammasat int. J. Sc. Tech., vol. 15, 2010.
[16]. D. Bajpai and V.K. Tyagi, “Biodiesel: source, production, composition properties and its benefits”,
Journal of OLEo science, vol. 55, pp. 487-502, 2006.
... The main drawback of the surfactant is destructing the nanoparticle with the increasing the saturation temperature, so this experiment conducted without surfactant of various base fluids [19]. The sedimentation of nanofluids is observed by the functions of carbon nanotubes in thermal oil [21][22][23]. All nanoparticles are settling down within 30 days due to poor stability [24][25][26]. ...
Experimental studies on stability of MWCNT with different oil based nanofluids
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2019
In this experimental analysis, the stability of multi walled carbon nanotube based nanofluids with six different base fluids such as water, vegetable oil, engine oil, soap oil, brake oil, and suspension oil are studied. The nanofluids are prepared by the two-step method without the addition of surfactant and at two-volume concentrations. This stability analysis is performed by the UV-Vis spectrophotometer, measuring pH values, and photo capturing techniques. This analysis is carried out at three-time intervals such as at the time of preparation, 15 days after preparation, and 30 days after preparation. From the experimental analysis, the higher order of stability is found to be the multi walled carbon nanotube/water nanofluids, multi walled carbon nanotube/vegetable oil, multi walled carbon nanotube/engine oil, multi walled carbon nanotube/ soap oil, multi walled carbon nanotube/brake oil, and multi walled carbon nanotube/suspension oil-based nanofluids.
View
... Kumar et al. [11]experimentally investigated the characteristics of heat transfer and flow of nanofluids inside a CPU heat sink with different structures like rectangular grooves and cylindrical bulges. The finding indicates that TiO2-water nanofluids with a low mass fraction (0.1%) show the highest exergy efficiency. ...
Thermal performance and reliability of procesor investigation using TiO2 and CuO/water nanofluids
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2019
Continuous miniaturization of feature size, faster operation and high-end performance of processor are facing serious problems to dissipate heat. In this numerical work, the surface temperature of the processor, heat transfer rate, power consumption and reliability of channel heat sink for processor handling TiO2- -water and CuO-water nanofluids at three-volume fractions as a coolant are studied using CFD software package. The power dissipation of the Intel proces-sor was in the range of 16-135 W. The TiO2-water and CuO-water nanofluids at a volume fraction of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% was used as a coolant. It is observed that the heat transfer rate of CuO-water nanofluids at 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9% are 5%, 7%, and 9%, respectively, higher than that of TiO2-water nanofluid. It is found that the power consumption of the processor reduces by 2%, 3%, and 5% at the volume fraction of 0.3%, 0.6%, and 0.9%, respectively, than TiO2-water nanofluids as coolant. The failure rate of the processor using CuO-water nanofluid was found to be 17%, 10%, and 8% lesser than the TiO2-water nanofluids at the three-volume fractions, respectively.
View
... Heat exchangers having wide application, but design of these devices are complicated and expensive. Due to the usage of costly material and liquid [7]. Now a days every engineering process is analyzed to verify the performance before manufacturing it. ...
Support vector machine for modelling and simulation of heat exchangers
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2019
Manufacturing simulation is an encouraging field in every manufacturing industry. The manufacturing simulation facilitate to virtually analysis the performance of the product before manufacturing. So for most of the manufacturing activities are simulated effective and researchers have developed adequate tool for the simulation of various activities of manufacturing. Heat exchanger is one of the important devices used for the purposes including medical, food processing, air conditioning system, etc. Performance of these heat exchangers also important for achieving better performance in those fields. So simulation of heat exchanger gives more beneficial to the engineers to analysis its performance before manufacturing. Hence in this paper, a machine learning approach for the modelling and simulation of heat exchanger is proposed. The proposed technique uses support vector machine technique for the prediction of performance of the heat exchanger. The performance of the proposed technique is validated in terms of prediction accuracy. Ultimately the analysis proves that the proposed technique is more beneficial for the modelling of heat exchanger.
View
... The environmental pollution and its recent increase due to the uncontrolled emissions of exhaust gases by burning fossil fuels have made the researches to boldly shift towards Bio-Diesel has received huge attention. The advantage is they are Bio degradable and do not produce toxic emissions on combustion [3,4,9]. ...
Enhancing performance of compression ignition engine fueled with diesel blends of linseed and cottonseed oil by optimizing its technological parameters
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2019
In this paper an attempt was made to evaluate the performance of the fossil fuels in the modern world has tremendously increased. As the energy efficiency is greater than other fuel sources. For enhancing the sustainability, it is important to develop alternative fuels with properties similar to petroleum waste of these biodiesel proofs to be a viable option to achieve good engine performance. In this pattern attempt was made to evaluate the performance of compression ignition engine which was fueled using diesel blends of linseed oil and cottonseed oil. Important input process parameters were varied such as load, time taken for consumption of 10 cc of fuel, ratio of biodiesel mixture. For achieving enhanced performance, a central composite design model was used to set the process parameter values for 20 sets of experiments. Accordingly, the experiments were conducted and the responses were recorded. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of the developed model. Optimization was done using response surface methodology for obtaining maximum possible brake thermal efficiency and least possible hydrocarbon emission. The model was validated with validation experiments and it was observed that the error between the experimental and predicted values were less than 4% which indicated that the model was developed with very high level of predictability.
View
... Using an atmospheric plasma system, the variations in consumption of fuel, the enhancement in thermal efficiency were observed by fluctuating the voltage in plasma system. Godwin Antony et al. [3] and Kumar et al. [4] analysed the performance of direct inection engines performance with alternate fuel which is another method of improving the efficiency. Yan et al. [5] --------------conducted an exhaustive review on enhancing the efficiency of spark ignition based IC engines, thereby reducing the undesirable emissions. ...
Optimizing hvof spray coating process parameters for reducing emissions in zirconium dioxide/aluminium oxide coated internal combustion engines
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2019
It is a major issue in the world that only one third of the total fuel input gets con-verted to work, whereas the remaining two thirds of the fuel input goes unused through the exhaust and cooling systems. In the present years, enormous research has been done for reducing the undesirable emissions in internal combustion engines. In this paper, using high velocity oxy fuel thermal spray method, ZrO2 and Al2O3 were coated over the piston head by fluctuating the important thermal spraying process parameters. A central composite design model was developed for conducting twenty different experiments with different spray process parameters. The coated piston was used in internal combustion engine to evaluate the emissions, which were measured using AVL5 exhaust gas analyzer to evaluate the smoke density and NOx content. Empirical relations were created between input process parameters with the responses. Analysis of variance was used to evaluate the significance of developed model. Response surface method-ology was used to optimize, thereby predicting the parameters of oxygen flow rate at 229 L/m, fuel flow rate at 51.2 L/m, spray distance of 194 mm to predict minimum smoke density of 27.7 HSU and NOx of 220.8 ppm, which was validated to a high level of accuracy.
View
... However, addition of these with diesel could improve the performance. The property values of diesel and waste plastic oil used in this work are tested according to the ISO 8127 standards [13]. The test results are listed in table 1, from which the flow properties density, kinematic viscosity are identical for diesel and WPO. ...
An experimental investigation on a low heat rejection diesel engine using waste plastic oil with different injection timing
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2019
The disposal of waste plastic solids are becoming more than a crisis with respect to environmental safety. Proper disposal system may either be very expensive or leads to side effect. Hence researchers are looking for suitable methods to reuse them. Oils as substitute for petroleum products in internal combustion engines are gaining focus in India, because of its potential to generate large scale employment and relatively low environmental poverty. The present work aims at utilizing this waste plastic oil in a low heat rejection retarded timing engine whose combustion chamber surface is coated with partially stabilized zirconia (PSZ) ceramic. The influence of fuel injection timing was studied to completely understand the waste plastic oil performance in low heat rejection engine. The results revealed great improvement in performance, and emission characteristics. As a compensation, NOx formation was slightly increased. Overall performance of the low heat rejection engine with waste plastic oil fuel was better with 14⁰ bTDC retarded injection time.
View
Experimental Study on the Production of Karanja Oil Methyl Ester and Its Effect on Diesel Engine
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2012
Fast depletion of fossil fuel resources forces the extensive research on the alternative fuels. Vegetable oils edible or non edible can be a better substitute for the petroleum diesel. Karanja, a non edible oil can be a potential source to replace the diesel fuel. To investigate the feasibility of Karanja oil as an alternative diesel fuel, its biodiesel was prepared through the transesterification process. The Biodiesel was then subjected to performance and emission tests in order to assess its actual performance, when used as a diesel engine fuel. The data generated for the 20, 50 and 100 percent blended biodiesel were compared with base line data generated for neat diesel fuel. Result showed that the Biodiesel and its blend showed lower thermal efficiency. Emission of Carbon monoxide, unburned Hydrocarbon and smoke was found to be reduced where as oxides of nitrogen was higher with biodiesel and its blends. Keywords: alternate Diesel fuel; Biodiesel; Karanja oil methyl ester; performance and emission
View
Performance Characteristics of a Diesel Engine Using Mahua Biodiesel as Alternate Fuel
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2013
The aim of this study is to assess the performance, emission and combustion characteristics of diesel engine using mahua methyl esters. In the present work, mahua methyl esters and its blends with diesel were used as fuel. Various proportions of mahua methyl ester fuel blends (25% and 50%) were used for conducting the performance tests at varying load conditions. Various parameters such as thermal efficiency, specific fuel consumption, emission of carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and oxides of nitrogen gases in exhaust were recorded. The important properties of mahua methyl esters are compared with diesel standards. The test results indicate that the fuel of B25 can be used in diesel engines without any engine modifications.
View
Performance and emission evaluation of a diesel engine fueled with methyl ester of neem oil and filtered neem oil
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2010
Neem oil methyl ester (NOME) was tested in 4-stroke single cylinder water cooled diesel engine. Brake thermal efficiency of NO100 has been found 63.11% higher than that of diesel at part load whereas it reduces 11.2% with diesel fuel at full load. As NOME is concerned, HC is reduced at all load condition, whereas smoke is also reduced at full load condition. NOx has reduced slightly at all load condition, and EGT showed increasing trend at full load condition. Other emissions (CO, CO 2 and O 2) do not contribute bad effect on engine. Thus, NOME can be a substitute for diesel fuel in diesel engine. Introduction High viscosity of vegetable oils has been reduced by preheating oils blending or dilution with other fuels, transesterifidcation and thermal cracking /pyrolysis 1 . Fuel blending has advantages of improving the use of vegetable oil fuel with minimal fuel processing and en-gine modification 2 . It had been very important to study alternative sources of fuel for diesel engine because of availability and price of petroleum based fuels 3 . This study presents performance and exhaust emission characteristics of diesel engine fueled with filtered neem oil (NO) and neem oil methyl ester (NOME) compared with diesel fuel.
View
Experimental studies on a diesel engine using mahua oil as fuel
Article
  • Jan 2010
In this work mahua oil was used as an alternative fuel for diesel engine. The properties of mahua oil were determined. The performance and emissions of a single cylinder, stationary diesel engine was evaluated using mahua oil and compared with standard diesel operation. Mahua oil was preheated to 130°C and the effect of preheating on the engine performance and emissions were determined. The heat release rate of mahua oil was enhanced with preheating. The engine performance improved and smoke, CO and HC emissions decreased while the engine was running with preheated mahua oil. A marginal increase in NOX emission was noted. It is concluded that Mahua oil preheated to 130°C can be used as diesel substitute under emergency situations.
View
Non-edible oils as the potential source for the production of biodiesel in India: A review
Article
  • Jan 2011
As the stock of fossil fuels diminishing throughout the world and demands for energy based comforts and mobility ever increasing, so there is a need to increase biodiesel production. Bio diesel is an alternative diesel fuel prepared from renewable resources and is most popular as an alternative energy sources because it is non toxic and biodegradable. India has great potential for production of biodiesel from non-edible oil seeds. From about 100 varieties of oil seeds, only 10-12 varieties have been tapped so far. The promising non-edible sources in India are Madhuca Indica (Mahua),Jatropha curcas(Ratan Jyot), Pongamia pinnata (Karanja) and Melia azadirachta (Neem). This review paper assesses and integrates the biological, chemical and genetic attributes of the plant and describes about the different tree borne oilseeds in India, Extraction of oil from tree borne oilseeds, properties,composition and future potential of bio diesel If the developed process is scaled up to commercial levels then excellent business opportunity will be offered by the biodiesel and it could be a major step towards the creation of an eco-friendly transportation fuel that is relatively clean on combustion and provides farmers with substantial income.
View
Characterization of jatropha oil for the preparation of biodiesel
Article
  • Mar 2009
There has been greater awareness on biodiesel in developing countries in the recent times and significant activities have picked up for its production especially with a view to boost the rural economy. In the present investigation Jatropha curcas Linn, seed oil (non-edible) and its methyl ester have been chosen to find out their suitability for use as petro-diesel. Experimental investigation has been done to find out the different properties of jatropha oil. Theoretical equation has been developed to find out the properties and they have been compared with the experimental values. Biodiesel was prepared from jatropha oil, through esterification followed by trans-esterification; former was performed using acid catalyst (5% H 2SO 4) and methanol (20% of oil). The trans-esterification reaction was carried out for 2 hrs keeping the molar ratio of methanol to oil at 6:1 and sodium hydroxide concentration of 0.7 weight percentage of oil. The yield of jatropha oil methyl ester was about 97%.The properties of biodiesel depends on the nature of the vegetable oil to be used for preparation of biodiesel and if the developed process is scaled up to commercial levels then excellent business opportunity will be offered by the biodiesel obtained from jatropha oil methyl ester and it could be a major step towards the creation of an eco-friendly transportation fuel that is relatively clean on combustion and provides farmers with substantial income.
View
View
Biodiesel: Source, Production, Composition, Properties and Its Benefits
Article
  • Sep 2006
Biodiesel is an eco-friendly, alternative diesel fuel prepared from domestic renewable resources i.e. vegetable oils (edible or non-edible oil) and animal fats, that runs in diesel engines-cars, buses, trucks, construction equipment, boats, generators, and oil home heating units. Biodiesel has been gaining worldwide popularity as an alternative energy source because it is non toxic, biodegradable & non flammable. Various edible and non edible oils, like rice bran oil, coconut oil, Jatropha curcas, castor oil, cottonseed oil, mahua, karanja which are either surplus and are nonedible type can be used for preparation of biodiesel. Biodiesel can be used either in the pure form or as blends on conventional petrodiesel in automobiles without any major modifications. Its biodegradability makes it eco-friendly. It may lead to a revolutionary transformation of the current economic & energy scenario with an era of economic bloom & prosperity for our society. This review paper describes the production, its properties, composition and future potential of biodiesel.
View
View
View