Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain

Abstract

An elliptical split ring resonator embedded circular antenna for the hendeca band application is
presented. The antenna designed is having a size of 20 × 30 × 1.6 mm3
. The entire structure is
simulated using the EM simulation tool CST Studio. Various parameters optimal values is finalized
with parametric analysis. Presented Simulated results of s11, radiation pattern, gain used to
authenticate the performance of the circular monopole antenna. The proposed structure is operated
in seven bands at 1.46 GHz from 1.30 to 1.62 GHz, 2.28 GHz from 2.24 to 2.33 GHz, 2.60 GHz from
2.48 to 2.76 GHz, 2.85 GHz from 2.76 to 2.89 GHz, 3.68 GHz from 3.46 to 3.89 GHz, 4.31 GHz from
4.20 to 4.57 GHz and 5.31 GHz from 4.87 to 5.64 GHz. The inclusion of metamaterial enables multiband characteristics due to its negative permeability property. The compact size, simple design, good
return loss, stable radiation pattern and reasonable gain make the proposed structure to be the best
choice of the wireless application.

Full text

Copyright © 2020 American Scientific Publishers
All rights reserved
Printed in the United States of America
Journal of
Computational and Theoretical Nanoscience
Vol. 17, 736–747, 2020
Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial
Antenna with Improved Gain
S. Prasad Jones Christydass1,
∗
, S. Asha2, Suraya Mubeen3, B. Praveen Kitti4,
P. Satheesh Kumar5, and V. Karthik6
1Department of ECE, K. Ramakrishnan College of Technology, Trichy, Tamilnadu, India
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3Department of ECE, CMR Technical Campus, Hyderabad, India
4Department of ECE, PSCMR College of Engineering and Technology, Andhra Pradesh, India
5Department of ECE, Coimbatore Institute of Technology, Tamilnadu, India
6Department of ECE, Sri Krishna College of Engineering and Technology, Tamilnadu, India
An elliptical split ring resonator embedded circular antenna for the hendeca band application is
presented. The antenna designed is having a size of 20 × 30 × 1.6 mm3. The entire structure is
simulated using the EM simulation tool CST Studio. Various parameters optimal values is finalized
with parametric analysis. Presented Simulated results of s11, radiation pattern, gain used to
authenticate the performance of the circular monopole antenna. The proposed structure is operated
in seven bands at 1.46 GHz from 1.30 to 1.62 GHz, 2.28 GHz from 2.24 to 2.33 GHz, 2.60 GHz from
2.48 to 2.76 GHz, 2.85 GHz from 2.76 to 2.89 GHz, 3.68 GHz from 3.46 to 3.89 GHz, 4.31 GHz from
4.20 to 4.57 GHz and 5.31 GHz from 4.87 to 5.64 GHz. The inclusion of metamaterial enables multi-
band characteristics due to its negative permeability property. The compact size, simple design, good
return loss, stable radiation pattern and reasonable gain make the proposed structure to be the best
choice of the wireless application.
Keywords: Circular Patch, FR4, Partial Ground, Metamaterial, Split Ring Resonator.
1.
INTRODUCTION
In the present day modern communication devices, the
spacing for the antenna is minimal. This demands the
smaller size antenna with multi-band characteristics. Most
of the communication devices are used for multiple appli-
cations [1, 2]. Therefore such devices are in need of multi-
ple single antennae, which require more space. The above
disadvantage is overcome with the single element antenna
with multi-band characteristics. This makes the researchers
focus on the design of multi-band antenna, may techniques
are reported in the literature to achieve the multi-band
characteristics, but all the proposed methods have a neg-
ative impact on all other antenna performance. The patch
antenna [3–8] is widely used for the multi-band antenna due
to fabrication simplicity and reduced price. Two sig-
nificant drawbacks with respect to the microstrip patch
antenna are the narrow bandwidth and low gain, which is
due to the surface waves. The EBG structures, par- tial
grounds, and fractals [9–12] are widely used to over- come
the drawback. To create a multi-band antenna fractal
∗Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
structure, meandering of patches, slotted ground, slotted
patches detected, and the partial ground is some of the
widely used techniques. But the major disadvantage of the
above methods is the space requirement complex design
and fabrication. Therefore there is an extensive research
gap
available in the design of multi-band antenna with very
good
antenna performance with respect to all parameters.
In the
resent day, the metamaterial [12] is widely used
along with
patch in order to obtain an optimized antenna
performance
along with multi-band characteristics. Meta-
materials are
the artificial structures that are having the
unnatural
property, which is not readily available in nature.
The
unnatural properties are negative permeability, per-
mittivity, and refractive index [13–15]. The metamateri-
als have these properties due to their periodic unit cell
structures that are having a size of less than a quarter of
the
guided wavelength. Such properties alter the field dis-
tribution. In turn, the antenna performance is enhanced.
There are a variety of structures [17–20] developed for
the
metamaterials. Out of which split ring resonator, com-
plementary split-ring resonator, omega-shaped, s-Shaped a
J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 2020, Vol. 17, No. 10 1546-1955/2020/17/001/010 doi:10.1166/jctn.2020.9657 736
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Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain Christydass et al.
(a) Antenna A (b) Antenna B
Fig. 1. Front and back view of Antenna A,
Table I. Parameter values in mm.
w
l
lf
lf1
wf
wf1
r
20
30
16
2
1
2
12
r1
r2
r3
s
t
lg
h
10
9.5
7.5
0.5
0.035
16
1.6
and 8-shaped are widely used for improving the antenna
parameter performance.
In this paper, an Elliptical SRR embedded circular patch
antenna operating at the hendeca band used in the wireless
application is presented. Section 2 deals with
Table II. Simulated result comparison antenna A and B.
Antenna
Methods
Operating
Frequency GHz
Frequency
Range GHz
s11 dB
A
Circular patch
2.5
2.4–2.9
−26
B
Antenna B with
1.4
1.3–1.6
−21
elliptical CSRR
2.2
2.2–2.3
−22
2.6
2.4–2.7
−18
2.8
2.7–2.8
−13
3.6
3.4–3.8
−15
4.3
4.2–4.5
−16
5.3
4.8–5.6
−21
6.1
5.9–6.2
−19
6.8
6.6–7.1
−23
8.2
7.9–8.8
−22
9.5
9.0–9.8
−13
the design procedure, Section 3 has parametric analysis,
Section 4 present the result and discussion and concluded in
Section 5.
2.
PROPOSED ANTENNA DESIGN
The proposed antenna has a simple structure with a
circular-shaped patch. The structure has a simple microstrip
quarter-wave feeding structure with 50 ohms. The design
stages of the circular metamaterial antenna are depicted in
Figure 1. In Table I, the optimized parametric values of the
proposed antenna are presented. In Figure 2, the circular
metamaterial antenna, along with parameter value, is
presented. The antenna is started with a sim- ple patch
antenna design operating at 2.45 GHz. Then two elliptical
sot is etched on the circular patch X-axis 10 mm and Y -
axis of 4 mm. The slot is made such that it looks like eight
shaped slots. Then in each slot, two rings
Fig. 2. Parameters of ESRR circular antenna proposed
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Christydass et al. Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain
Fig. 3. Effect of patch radius (parametric analysis).
elliptical split-ring resonator is inspired, which created the
multi-band characteristics and gained increased.
The simple circular patch is of radius 12 mm. The
structure is feed with the help of a feed line of width 1
mm. Then the introduction of slit chances the current path
because of which the resonance is shifted, and new
resonance is created. Then in each slot, a dual Elliptical ring
is introduced. The outer ring has 9.5 mm and 3.5 mm as a
X and Y -axis radius. The inner ring has 5.5 mm and 2.5
mm as a X and Y -axis radius. The split ring resonator is
capable of resonating at multiple resonating frequencies
because of its negative permeability character- istics. The
proposed structure is capable of operating at 1.4 from 1.3
to 1.6, 2.2 from 2.2 to 2.3, 2.6 from 2.4 to
2.7, 2.8 from 2.7 to 2.8, 3.6 from 3.4 to 3.8, 4.3 from 4.2
to 4.5, 5.3 from 4.8 to 5.6, 6.1 from 5.9–6.2, 6.8 from
6.6–7.1, 8.2 from 7.9 to 8.8 and 9.5 from 9.0 to 9.8 GHz. In
Table II, the simulated result is Antenna A, and B is
presented.
3.
PARAMETRIC ANALYSIS
The parametric analysis are widely used for deciding the
critical parameters of the proposed structure. The ground
length, split width and the radius of patch is analyzed using
parametric analysis of the CST which gives the clear indi-
cation about the parameters effects on the recital of the
antenna. Based on the analysis the parameters final values
Fig. 4. Effect of ground length (parametric analysis)
J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 17, 736–747, 2020 738
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Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain Christydass et al.
Fig. 5. Effect of split width (parametric analysis)
are decide. The radius of the patch is varied from 11.5 to
12.5 mm in steps of 0.5 mm. The effect of radius of the
patch on return loss is plotted in Figure 4. The radius of the
patch with the value 12 mm is having good band- width
impedance in all the resonating band and which is the
value used or the final design. The ground length is varied
from 15 mm to 17 mm in steps of 1 mm. the ground with
length of 16 mm is capable of achieving good impedance
bandwidth in all the resonating bands and hence it is
choosed as the final optimized value of ground length. In
Figure 5, the effect of ground length variation on s11 s
plotted.
Then the elliptical split ring resonator split width is var-
ied in steps of 0.5 mm from 0.5 mm to 1.5 mm. From the
figure, it is clearly observed that the split with width
0.5 mm has the right resonant bandwidth with impedance
matching, which can be clearly observed from Figure 6.
And also, it has a greater effect on the band created by the
split ring resonator.
4.
RESULT ANALYSIS
The simulated result of the ECSRR is presented in this
section. In Figure 7, The E and H plane are presented at
various resonating frequencies. From the figure, it is
observed at all the resonating frequencies the H plane is
having an omnidirectional radiation pattern while the E
plane has a standard dipole pattern. This is the major
requirement of any antenna which going to be operated in
an omnidirectional radiation pattern.
Fig. 6. Continued.
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(a)
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Christydass et al. Multiband Circular Monopole Metamatrial Antenna with Improved Gain
Fig. 6. Continued.
J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 17, 736–747, 2020 740
(d)
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(b)
(c)

Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain Christydass et al.
(e)
(f)
(g)
Fig. 6. Continued.
741 J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 17, 736–747, 2020
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Christydass et al. Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain
(h)
(i)
(j)
Fig. 6. Continued.
J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 17, 736–747, 2020 742
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Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain Christydass et al.
(k)
Fig. 6. Radiation pattern-E and H plane at the various resonating frequency ((a) 1.4, (b) 2.2, (c) 2.6, (d) 2.8, (e) 3.6, (f) 4.3,
(g) 5.3, (h) 6.1, (i) 6.8, (j) 8.2, (k) 9.5).
Fig. 7. Directivity versus frequency.
Fig. 8. Gain versus frequency
745 J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 17, 736–747, 2020
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Christydass et al. Multiband Circular Monopole Metamaterial Antenna with Improved Gain
Fig. 9. Simulated s11
Table III. Simulated results.
Simulated
2.
Lier, E. and Jakobsen, K., 1993. Rectangular microstrip patch anten-
nas with infinite and finite ground plane dimensions. IEEE Trans.
Antennas Propag., 31(6), pp.978–984.
3.
Zhu, H., Cheung, S.W. and Yuk, T.I., 2016. Enhancing antenna bore-
sight gain using a small metasurface lens: Reduction in half-power
beamwidth. IEEE Antennas Propag. Mag., 58(1), pp.35–44.
4.
Saha, C. and Siddiqui, J.V., 2011. Versatile CAD formulation for
estimation of the resonant frequency and magnetic polarizability of
circular split ring resonators. Int. J. RF Microw Comput. Aided Eng.,
21, pp.21–26.
5.
Daniel, S., Pandeeswari, R. and Raghavan, S., 2017. A compact
metamaterial loaded monopole antenna with offset-fed microstrip line
for wireless applications. AEU–Int. J. of Elect. and Com., 83, pp.88–
94.
6.
Rao, M.V., Madhav, B.T.P., Anilkumar, T. and Nadh, B.P., 2018.
Metamaterial inspired quad band circularly polarized antenna for
WLAN/ISM/-Bluetooth/WiMAX and satellite communication appli-
From Figure 9, we can observe 6 dBi is the maximum
directivity. From Figure 10, maximum gain of 4 dBi is
observed. The Simulated s11 of ECSRR is presented in
Figure 11.
5. CONCLUSION
An elliptical SRR circular patch antenna with multiband
characteristics is proposed. Initially the circular patch is
decided to radiate at 2.56 GHz. then with the introduction
of elliptical slot and elliptical SRR, the proposed structure
operates in multiple bands. all the dimensions are opti-
mized with the help of parameters analysis. The structure
operated at 1.4 from 1.3 to 1.6, 2.2 from 2.2 to 2.3, 2.6
from 2.4 to 2.7, 2.8 from 2.7 to 2.8, 3.6 from 3.4 to 3.8,
4.3 from 4.2 to 4.5, 5.3 from 4.8 to 5.6, 6.1 from 5.9 to 6.2,
6.8 from 6.6 to 7.1, 8.2 from 7.9 to 8.8 and 9.5 from 9.0 to
9.8 GHz. This operating band covers the GPS, LTE33-41,
Mobile-WiMax, LTE42/43, 5G sub 6 GHz band, WiMAX,
WAIC, WLAN and X band applications.
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J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 17, 736–747, 2020 746
RESEARCH ARTICLE
Resonant frequency GHz
Operating range GHz
Bandwidth MHZ
1.4
1.3–1.6
320
2.2
2.2–2.3
83
2.6
2.4–2.7
277
2.8
2.7–2.8
133
3.6
3.4–3.8
430
4.3
4.2–4.5
371
5.3
4.8–5.6
769
6.1
5.9–6.2
302
6.8
6.6–7.1
559
8.2
7.9–8.8
930
9.5
9.0–9.8
847

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Received: 9 October 2020. Accepted: 23 November 2020.
747 J. Comput. Theor. Nanosci. 17, 736–747, 2020
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