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IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12): 5864-5877
ISSN: 2277–4998
5864
IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12)
A REVIEW: TRADITIONALLY USED MEDICINAL PLANTS OF
FAMILY ARECACEAE WITH PHYTOCONSTITUENTS AND
THERAPEUTIC APPLICATIONS
SHUKLA A AND DUBEY S*
Department of Chemistry, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed to be University) Haridwar - 249 404,
uttarakhand India
*Corresponding Author: Supriya Dubey: E Mail: supriyadubey2998@gmail.com
https://doi.org/10.31032/IJBPAS/2022/11.12.6655
ABSTRACT
Plant-based procedures continue to play an vital role in health protection, and their use by
individual civilization has been astronomically reported. The plants of the Arecaceae family
composed of about 181 genera and 2600 species mainly distributed in tropical and sub tropical
ecological zones as well as in the Arabian deserts and throughout the continents of Africa, Latin
America , South and South- East Asia and has been habitually used for treatment of several
diseases . The present study aimed to provide a general review of the available literature on
ethanomedical, phytoconstituents, and biological data related to the Family Arecaceae as a
potential source of new compounds with therapeutic applications. Considering Traditional uses,
in the treatment of various gastrointestinal diseases, killing parasites, curing kidney asthenia,
tinnitus, diarrhea treatment, amenorrhea, venereal diseases etc. phytochemical studies,
flavonoids, fatty acids, carotenoids, spirostan, terpenes, amino acids , tannins ,alkaloids and
phenolic acids were the main classes of compounds identified in roots, leaf, fruit and seeds
which were correlated with their biological activities as anti-microbial, anti-fungal, anti-parasitic,
anti-allergic, antidiabetic, antineoplastic, anti-inflammatory or antioxidant agents.
Keywords: Family Arecaceae, Traditional and medicinal importance, phytoconstituents, Therapeutic applications
Received 26
th
Dec. 2021; Revised 25
th
Jan. 2022; Accepted 12
th
March 2022; Available online 1
st
Dec. 2022
Shukla A And Dubey S* Review Article
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IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12)
INTRODUCTION
Family Arecaceae in the order Arecales a
monotypic family. It has around 181 genera
and 2600 species [1]. Arecaceae plant family
containing species of tropical climbers,
shrubs and trees commonly known as Palm
trees or simply Palms [2]. Many species of
family Arecaceae are mainly distributed in
tropical and sub tropical ecological zones
also in the Arabian deserts and throughout
the continents of Africa , Latin America ,
South and South- East Asia [3]. The leaves,
barks, roots, branches, fruits, endocarp, fiber,
seed coat, sap, spadix, and heartwoods are
used as the traditional medicines. In India
Family Arecaceae is reported 225 species
belonging to 25 genera [4]. These species are
used in many herbal and conventional
medicines in India and China because of their
good response in many therapeutic
applications. Species of Arecaceae family are
traditionally used as the treatment of various
gastrointestinal diseases, killing parasites,
curing kidney asthenia, tinnitus, diarrhea
treatment, amenorrhea, venereal diseses etc.
Arecaceae family has reported the presence
of phenolic acids, fatty acids, carotenoids,
amino acids, tannins, flavonoids, steroids,
terpens, and alkaloids [5]. Many species of
Arecaceae family are reported for anti-
inflammatory, antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-
parasitic, antimalarial, antineoplastic,
antiprotozoal, hepato-protective, Enzyme
inhibition, Remediation activity, antifungal,
anti-proliferative and antibacterial activity
[6]. Some important species of this family
are Cocus nucifer, Areca catechu, Caryota
mitis, Phonix dactylifera, Washingtonia
robusta, Serenoa repens, Borassus
flabellifer, Caryota urens , Livistona
chinesis, Archotophoenix alexandrae, Rhapis
excels, Dypsis lutescens , Washingtonia
filifera and Roystonea regia etc. [7].
TRADITIONAL USES OF SOME
PLANTS OF FAMILY ARECACEAE
The plants species of Arecaceae family have
been associated to claims of various
medicinal properties and wide-ranging
applications in traditional and modern
medicine alike.
Traditionally, the plants are used to treat
inflammation, pain, cancer, and bacterial and
viral-based infections. Furthermore, the
Arecaceae family species are stomatitis,
ulcers, reducing blood pressure, blood lipids,
hypertension, coronary heart diseases and
wounds while also acting as an antioxidant
[12], anti-allergenics, antimicrobials [13],
antiviral [14], antitumor and antidiabetic [15]
alternative .They are also applied to tend to
cases of Indigestion, bloting a, constipation
Shukla A And Dubey S* Review Article
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IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12)
and amenorrhea, besides possessing sedative
and laxative properties obtained fr the extract
of their root ,leaf and barks (Table 1).
PHYTOCONSTITUENTS PRESENT IN
FAMILY ARECACEAE
The phytochemical analyses done for several
species of family Arecaceae have revealed
the positive presence of alkaloids, flavonoids,
phenolic acids, tannins, amino acids,
triterpenes, steroids and carotenoids (Table
2).
BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF
DIFFERENT SPECIES OF FAMILY
ARECACEAE
The family Arecaceae is the target of
different pharmacological investigations,
which is evaluated for their various ethno-
medicinal uses. From the literature, it was
found that Arecaceae family exhibit an
extensive variety of biological activities,
such as antibacterial, antiviral, anthelmintic,
anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiplasmodial,
anti-allergy, anti-tumour, cognitive activity
and cytotoxicity. The active phyto-
constituents have been isolated from the
solvents like ethanol, butanol, n-hexane,
chloroform, acetone, ethyl acetate,
dichloromethane, etc. followed by
characterization. A summary of the curative
activity assessments performed on this
Arecaceae has been represented in Table 3.
These findings endorse the traditional uses of
plants with respect to the pharmacological
activity (Table 3).
Table 1 : Traditional uses of family Arecaceae
Botanical Name Common Name Traditional use Refrences
Areca catechu Areca palm, Betel palm,
Indian nut.
Areca nut -is commomly used as the treatment of
various gastrointestinal diseases. Killing
parasites,Curing kidney asthenia,tinnitus, and
Lumbago-leg pain
Curing palpitation, insomnia,
mental subnormality,Promoting digestion and dieresis
appetite, and curing abdominal
distension.
16,17
Cocus nucifera Coconut,Nariyal,
Yubi,Tennai
Coconut shell fiber -Diarrhea treatment ,Amenorrhea
,Venereal diseases treatment , Antipyretic, kidney
inflammation,Diuretics,
Root -gonorrhea treatment
Pulp of coconut -Urogenital
inflammation,Amenorrhea, dysmenorrheal
Coconut water inflorescence -Asthma treatment ,
Abscesses, dermatitis treatment and injuries,Burns and
stomach pains.
18, 19,20,
21,22, 23, 24,
25,26,27,28,29
Phoenix
dactylifera
Nakhleh, Khejur ,
Date,
Phoinix
Khajur
Pinda, Datter
Kharjura, Pinda
Fruit – Sweet, cooling, tonic, fattening,
aphrodisiac,alexiteric, useful in leprosy, thirst,
asthama, bronchitis,fatigue, tuberculosis, abdominal
complaints, fever,vomiting, loss of consciousness and
useful in vata disease.
Leave - Aphrodisiac and good for the liver.
Flower- Bitter, purgative, expectorant, tonic to the
30,31,32
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IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12)
liver,fever and blood complaints.
Seed - Applied to wounds, lesions,
inflammation,demulscent, expectorant, laxative,
nutrient and prescribed in the case of asthma,
gonorrhea.
Gum – Useful remedy in diarrhea and disease of the
genitor-urinary system7.
Archontophoenix
alexandrae
King palm,Feather palm leaf sheathes-Neurological disorders,in some cardio
vascular diseas,certain type of cancer.
33, 34
Caryota mitis Fishtail palm Flower - used to treat gastric ulcer, migraine
headaches, snake bite poisoning as well as rheumatic
swellings4.
35,36
Caryota urens Mari, Bagane Seed flour- to treat gastric ulcers, migraine
headaches, snake-bite poisoning and rheumatic
swellings.
Root- is used for treating tooth
ailments.
Bark and seed- are used to treat boils. tender flowers-
are used for promoting
hair growth.
Flower- is used to treat gastric ulcer, migraine
headaches, snake bite
poisoning as well as rheumatic swellings
37,38,39
Rhapis excels Lady palm,Bamboo palm Burned or charred bark applied externally to stop
bleeding.
Decoction of roots or ashes from burnt bark used for
rheumatism; also used to stimulate blood circulation.
Used as hemostatic and antidysenteric
40,41,42
Chamaerops
humilis
European fan
palm,Mediterranean
Fan palm
leaf extracts for the treatment of diabetes, digestive
disorders, spasm, toning and gastrointestinal disorders
diseases ,decreased total cholesterol and triglycerides,
43
Borassus
flabellifer
Toddy palm Fruit pulp helps to cure skin inflammations. It is used
to treat nausea and vomiting as well as worm
infestation. It is used as an expectorant and also as a
liver tonic. A thin layer of palm fruit jelly applied to
the affected area has a soothing effect and immediately
alleviates the itchiness associated with prickly heat. It
is used effectively to treat digestive problems and other
stomach ailments. It is also used as a laxative.
‘Neera’ and toddy are good for controlling gastric
troubles and ulcers.
Palm sugar Counteracting agent for poison and to treat
liver disorder
Spadix To treat heartburn and enlarges
44,45,46,47
P. sylvestris Scots pine Fruit -Increasing lactation ,Toothache, Gonorrhea
,Asthma, Cough,dehydration, Diarrhea,,Fever, Heart-
related,problems, Pains, Toothache,,Tuberculosis
Root – Toothache
Sap- Diarrhea Stomach ache
Seed – Dysentery
48,49,50
Table 2: Phytoconstituents Present in family Arecaceae
S. NO. Species Phytoconstituent Refrences
1 Washingtonia robusta Quercetin ,Epigallocatechin
Mangiferin,Gallocatechin gallate,Kaempferol,Gallic acid
,Hydroxybenzoic acid ,Caffeic acid, p-cumaric ,Ferulic acid
,Protocateic acid
52,53
2 Salacca zalacca Quercetin 54
3. R. excels Luteolin,Vitexin,Vicenin,Isoorientin 40,41
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IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12)
Orientin,Protocatechuic ,Benzoic acid ,Catachine ,Caffeic
,Syrngic
Vanillic ,Ferulicacid ,Sinapic acid ,Cinnamic acid,Coumarin
4 Phoenix dactylifera Apigenin,Luteolin,Quercetin,Diosmetin,Kaempferol
Procyanidin ,Isoquercetin ,Rutin,Lutein,B-Carotene
Neoxanthin,Viola xanthin,Anthcraxanthin,p-hydroxybenzoic
acid ,Protocatechuic acid ,Vanillic acid ,Gallic acid ,Syringic acid
,o-coumaric acid ,p-coumaric acid ,Caffeic acid ,Ferulic acid
Xanthoxylic acid ,Hydrocaffeic acid,Coumaroylquinic acid,
Catechin ,Pelargonin
30,31,32
5 Areca catechu Isorhamnetin ,Chrysoeriol,
Luteolin ,5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5dimethoxyphenyl)-7-
methoxychroman-4-one
Quercetin,(s)-5-hydroxy-2-(4-hydroxy-3,5 –dimethoxyphenyl )-7-
methoxychroman-4-one
Liquiritigenin, Arecoline
2,6-di –t-butyl-4-methylphenol
Methyl cinnamate,Nonanoic acid ,`2,4-di-t-butylphenol,Benzoic
acid,Lauric acid
Myristic acid ,Pentadecanoic acid ,Ursolic acid acetate
Sitosterol,Arborinol,Cylindrin
Fernenol,Arundoin,Cycloatanol,Ergosterol ,peroxideB-
sitostenone, Proline,Tyrosine,Phenylalanine
Arginine,Tryptophan
Methionine,N-benzoylphenylalanlphenyllalinol acetate,TMS-
58B,Aspartic acid
Glutamic acid,Lysine,Arginine,
Arecatannin A1,Arecatannin A2
Arecatannin A3,Arecatannin B1
Arecatannin B2,Arecatannin C1
Areoline, Arecaine, Guvacoline,
Guvacine, Arecolidine, Homoarecoline
Isoguvacine, Gallic acid, Coumaric acid, Epicatechu, Ferulic
acid, Rutin Naringin
16,17,55,59,
60,67
6. Mauritia flexuso Kaempferol, Cathecin, Luteolin, Rutin,
Orientin, Lycopene
56
7. Euterpe oleracea Cathecin, Luteolin, Rutin, Orientin
57
8. Caryota mitis Quercetin, Isoquercetin, Rutin
35,36
9. H.verschaffelttii Quercetin,Quercetin-7,3,4-trimethoxy,Luteolin
58
10. Serena repens Oleic acid, Lauric acid, Myristic acid,
Palmitic acid, Linoleic acid
61
11. Caryota urens Hexanoic acid, Dodecanoic acid ,Nitrous acid, Lignoceric acid,
11-octadecenoic acid
9,12-octadecenoic acid, Linolenic acid
Benzoic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic acid
10-undecenoic acid,8-nonynoic acid, Hendecynoic acid, Palmitic
acid,3-butanoic acid
37,38
12 Acrocomia aculeata B-carotene,Lutein 57
13. Archotophoenix
alexander
Gallic acid ,3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid
Chlorogenic acid Syringic acid, Caffeic acid
33,34
Table 3 : Biological activity of family Arecaceae
S.N. Species Plant parts Activity studies Tested
extracts
Refrence
1 Archontophoeni Leaf sheath Antioxidant Aqueous 33,34
Shukla A And Dubey S* Review Article
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IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12)
x alexandrae
2 Areca catechu Areca nut Antioxidant, Anti-inflammatory, skin-aging
and cosmetics, hypoglycemic activity ,
Antihypertensive, alpha glucosidase
inhibitionand, hypoglycemic,
hypolipideamic,
antimicrobial, Vascular relaxation,
Antidepressant
platelet aggregation inhibitory activity ,
antiradical capacity ,anti-allergic ,
prevention of dental cavities, antiallergic
,central nervous system stimulant ,anti-
HIVactivity, molluscicidal activity
Ethanolic 16,17,55,59,
3 Caryota mitis leaves Antimicrobial activity , antibacterial activity Ethanol 35,36
4 Caryota urens Leaves
Immature
fruits
Fruit skin
Antioxidant
Antimicrobial
Larvicidal activity
Anti-inflammatory
Antidiabetic, Remediation activity
Methanol 37,38,39
5 Chamaerops
humilis
Leaves
Seeds
Pulp and
peel
Antioxidant
Enzyme- inhibition activity
Methanol 43
6 Cocos nucifera Husk
Endocarp
Husk
Fiber
Endocarp
Husk
oil
husk
Anti-inflammatory activity
Anti-bacterial
Anti-parasitic
Anti-leishmania activity
Antioxidant
Depressant and Anti-convulsant,
Antimalarial
Antineoplastic, Antithrombotic effect, Anti-
atherosclerotic effect
Hypolipid effect
Antiprotozoal activity
Antidiabetic effect
Hepatoprotective
Anticholecystitic effect
Aqueous
Ethanol
Ethanol
Ethyl acetate
Ethanol
Aqueous
Methanol
Methanol
Aqueous
18,19,20,21,22,
23,24
7 Hyophorbe
verschaffeltii
Leaves Antioxidant Methanol 58
8 Livistona
chinensis
Fruit Antioxidant, Antiproliferative Water
Chloroform
48
9 Phoenix pusilla Root Antioxidant, Antimicrobial Ethanol 77
10. Phoenix
sylvestris
Root
Leaves
Seed
Leaves
Anthemintic activity
Antimicribial
Antibacterial
Antioxidant
Ethanol
Methanol
Methanol
Methanol
48,49,50
11 Rhapis repens Leaves Antioxidant, Antimicrobial
Antibacterial
Aqueous 40,41,42
12. Serenoa repens Leaves Antiproliferative, Anti-inflammatory Hexane 68
13 Washingtonia
robusta
Fruit Antioxidant Methanol 52, 53
14. Mauritia
flexuosa
Pulp oil Antimicrobial and
Antibiotic,activity, Antibacterial,
Antimicrobial activity
Insecticidal activity
Hexane 56,57
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Hypocholesteroloenic effect, Antiplatelets
Anti-inflammatory
15 Euterpe
oleraceae mart.
Pulp
Oil
Concentrat
e juice
Frozen
concentrate
d juice
Antimicrobial and antibiofilm activity
Histological and histochemical
Anti-lipidaemic and anti-inflammatory
Anti-lipidaemic
Anti-inflammatory
Hexane 57
16 Acrocomia
aculeate
Pulp oil
dehydrated
pulp
leaves
Antioxidant
lipid oxidation
Antimicrobial
Hexane 57
CONCLUSIONS
Species of family Arecaceae have been used
as a conventional medicine across the globe
as it is a rich source of isoflavonoids,
rotenoids, sterols, phenolic compounds,
coumarin, terpenoids, resin, saponins, etc .
The present review reports traditional uses,
phytochemical constituents and
pharmacological activities based on
ethnopharmacological claims of
family “Arecaceae. Extensive literature
survey revealed that most of the species are
used traditionally in different African and
Asian countries etc where, only a few
species were scientifically evaluated for their
phytochemical constituents Quercetin,
Luteolin, Orientin, Rutin, Arecoline, Benzoic
acid, oleic acid, Palmitic acid, Neoxanthin,
Lycopene, Sitosterol, Arundoin, Kaempferol
etc. that could mediate particular
pharmacological activities. The major
traditional use of species of family Arecaceae
as reviewed involved in the treatment of joint
pain, rheumatoid arthritis, hepatitis
amenorrhea, tuberculosis, chronic bronchitis,
insecticide, skin disease, vermifuge which
have been validated scientifically. It is
observed that most of the pharmacological
activity studies were limited to both in-
vitro and in-vivo screening where, the
mechanisms of action, bioavailability and
pharmacokinetics are not explored clearly.
Furthermore, a number of studies were done
for the bioassay-guided extraction and
isolation of phytochemical constituents.
Further research should target on the
exploration and validation of traditional
claims of other species by focusing the
bioassay-guided drug discovery along with
the formulation and mode of administration
of drugs which we found lacking in most of
the reviewed literature. So, further well
designed and more clinical in-depth studies
are required by focusing on the mechanism-
Shukla A And Dubey S* Review Article
5871
IJBPAS, December, 2022, 11(12)
based in vitro and in vivo studies for
understanding the underlying mechanisms
linked to ethnopharmacological uses.
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no
conflict of interest.
Ethical approval: The authors are grateful
to Department of Chemistry, Kanya
Gurukula campus, Gurukula Kangri (Deemed
to be University), Haridwar for providing all
the necessary facilities. Supriya Dubey
performed the literature search analysed the
data, created tables and figures. Abha Shukla
approved the manuscript for final
submission.
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