Ethnobotanical uses of wild medicinal plants by the local community in the Asi Ganga Sub-basin, Western Himalaya

Abstract

Ethnobotanical uses of wild medicinal plants by the local community in the Asi Ganga sub-basin, Western Himalaya
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, India
ABSTRACT
Background: Himalayan region is rich in biological diversity and the communities residing in the region largely depend on it for food, healthcare, and other livelihood practices. Use of various floral species in healthcare remedies plays a significant role in the life of the Himalayan peoples.
Objective: The present study was conducted with aim to document traditional healthcare practices and understand the transfer of knowledge to younger generation in the Asi Ganga sub-basin.
Materials and Methods: The present interview-based study involved a total of 60 respondents (31 males and 29 females) from the seven selected villages of the study area.
Results: We documented the use of 76 wild medicinal plants in primary healthcare remedies by the local community. Maximum species (nine species) represented to the Rosaceae family followed by the family Lamiaceae (four species), Ranunculaceae (three species), Berberidaceae (three species), Pinaceae (three species), and Ericaceae (three species), respectively. The study observed that the traditional healthcare system was still prevalent among the people and mostly preferred before allopathic treatment. However, the knowledge on the medicinal uses of plant species was restricted to elderly members of the community and the younger ones were unaware or knew very less about such practices. Transfer of traditional knowledge system to the new generation was restricted and seems to be declining, could be the key reason behind limited knowledge among the younger members. Apart from the use in healthcare, many of these medicinal plants were important for the livelihood of the community residing in the Asi Ganga sub-basin, as it was contributing about 35%–40% of average household income. However, the current utilization pattern for the economic benefit was perceived to be very critical for the sustainability of these valuable resources and associated traditional practices.

Full text

JOURNAL OF COMPLEMENTARY MEDICINE RESEARCH, 2018
VOL 9, NO. 1, PAGE 34–46
10.5455/jcmr.20180507034822
ORIGINAL RESEARCH Open Access
Ethnobotanical uses of wild medicinal plants by the local community in the Asi Ganga
sub-basin, Western Himalaya
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun, India
Contact Khima Nand knbalodidoon@gmail.com School of Environment and Natural Resources, Doon University, Dehradun,
India.
© 2018 The Authors. This is an open access arcle under the CC BY license (hps://creavecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Introducon
The Himalayan region is endowed with a rich vari-
        
       
        
      
-
        -

        

     
      
      -
      
     
      
-

     
    
     

-
       

ABSTRACT
Background: Himalayan region is rich in biological diversity and the communies residing
in the region largely depend on it for food, healthcare, and other livelihood pracces.
Use of various oral species in healthcare remedies plays a signicant role in the life of
the Himalayan peoples.
Objecve: The present study was conducted with aim to document tradional healthcare
pracces and understand the transfer of knowledge to younger generaon in the Asi
Ganga sub-basin.
Materials and Methods: The present interview-based study involved a total of 60
respondents (31 males and 29 females) from the seven selected villages of the study area.
Results: We documented the use of 76 wild medicinal plants in primary healthcare
remedies by the local community. Maximum species (nine species) represented to the
Rosaceae family followed by the family Lamiaceae (four species), Ranunculaceae (three
species), Berberidaceae (three species), Pinaceae (three species), and Ericaceae (three
species), respecvely. The study observed that the tradional healthcare system was sll
prevalent among the people and mostly preferred before allopathic treatment. However,
the knowledge on the medicinal uses of plant species was restricted to elderly members
of the community and the younger ones were unaware or knew very less about such
pracces. Transfer of tradional knowledge system to the new generaon was restricted
and seems to be declining, could be the key reason behind limited knowledge among
the younger members. Apart from the use in healthcare, many of these medicinal plants
were important for the livelihood of the community residing in the Asi Ganga sub-basin,
as it was contribung about 35%–40% of average household income. However, the
current ulizaon paern for the economic benet was perceived to be very crical for
the sustainability of these valuable resources and associated tradional pracces.
ARTICLE HISTORY
Received May 07, 2018
Accepted September 10, 2018
Published September 21, 2018
KEYWORDS
Asi Ganga sub-basin;
biological diversity;
livelihood; medicinal plants;
tradional knowledge (TK);
Western Himalaya

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Tradional uses of medicinal plants among the local community
      
     
      
      
  

  -

      

      
       -
        
        
collected from the wild (21), the majority of that are
    
leading to the extinction of several globally signif-


       
 


        -
      -

       

       

Material and Methods
Study area


   
       
with an elevation range between 1,210 m above



   
        
-
      
   
      
       
     
     


covered with very dense forests (falling in the cat-


       
      
 -
        
      
  
       
        
        

    -

-
      -

       
 

       
 Kachha  


       

Table 1. Sample respondents selecon in Asi Ganga sub-basin, Western Himalaya.
Villages Populaon Sample populaon
HH M F Total HH M F Total %
Agora 92 228 229 457 12 6 6 12 13.04
Dandalaka 21 48 57 105 4 2 2 4 19.04
Dasda 38 95 79 174 5 3 2 5 13.15
Bhankoli 87 210 211 421 10 5 5 10 11.50
Naugaon 99 233 198 431 12 6 6 12 12.12
Gajoli 94 303 280 583 10 6 4 10 10.63
Seku 61 147 161 308 7 3 4 7 11.48
Total 492 1,264 1,215 2,479 60 31 29 60 12.20
Note: HH = households, M = male, F = female, % = percentage of households.

36 J Complement Med Res • 2018 • Vol 9 • Issue 1
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
 
       

Bugyal
Designing of quesonnaire and data collecon
     -
      -
        
-
     
      -
        
      
       
      

      
Figure 1:

www.jocmr.com 37
Tradional uses of medicinal plants among the local community
     
      -
     
     
    
    -
     
      -
       

    
     
-
 -
        


     
     
members and Vaidyas

      

       
    
      
  
      
       
       
      
     -
        

     
       

      



NpN) × 100
Where, Np

N     -


Results



     
were with the age of between 18 and 40 years
        -

-
    -
       
      
   
     
-




      
       

        

       
       -
 
  


       
     -

   Picrorhiza kurroa 
followed by Angelica glauca  Allium humile
 and Aconitum heterophyllum 
      Alnus
nepalensis and Quercus semicarpifolia
Table 2. Background characteriscs of selected
respondents.
Variables Sub-category Count Percentage
Sex Male 31 51.60
Female 29 48.40
Age 18–40 17 28.33
41–65 22 36.67
>66 years 21 35.00
Educaonal
status
Illiterate 17 28.33
1–5 (primary) 13 21.67
5–8 (upper
primary)
15 25.00
9–10 (high
school)
7 11.67
11–12
(intermediate)
6 10.00
Graduate 2 3.00
Marital status Married 49 81.67
Unmarried 11 18.33

38 J Complement Med Res • 2018 • Vol 9 • Issue 1
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
Table 3. Medicinal plants used in the treatment of dierent ailments.
Botanical name Local name Family Part used Used in diseases Mode of use
Aconitum heterophyllum
Wall. ex Royle
As Ranunculaceae Tuber Fever, diarrhea, and
body ache
Paste of tuber with
warm water is given
orally
Aconitum balfourii Staf. Mitha, Bish Ranunculaceae Tuber Rheumasm, leprosy,
wounds, swelling, and
musculoskeletal
disorder
Paste of tuber is
applied on the skin
Ajuga bracteosa Wall. ex.
Benth
Neelkanthi Lamiaceae Leaf Acidity and indigeson Leaves paste is given
orally
Allium humile Kunth Pharan, Ladu Amaryllidaceae Leaf and bulb Asthma and pectoral
complaints
Dried leaves and
bulbs are used as
spices and taken
orally
Alnus nepalensis D. Don Ush, Usth Betulaceae Latex and Bark Urinaon with
bleeding in livestock
Extract is given orally
Angelica glauca Edge w. Chora Apiaceae Roots Cold, cough, stomach
pain, and choke
Roots powder is given
orally with warm
water, tea, vegetable
and
Arisaema intermedium
Blume
Nagdaman Araceae Roots, stem Dehydraon, fever,
intesnal pain, body
ache, and skin
infecon
Roots and stem
powder is given orally
Arisaema tortuosum
(Wall.) Scho.
Nagdaman Araceae Tuber Rheumasm and
breathing disorder
Roots and stem
powder is given orally
Arnebia benthamii Wall.
ex. G. Don
Balchhadi Boraginaceae Roots Asthma, fever, and
hair fall
Roots paste is given
orally and dried roots
with mustard oil
applied on hair
Bauhinia variegata Linn. Ghural, Kural Fabaceae Leaf, bark,
ower, and
fruit
Skin disease and
internal disorder
Paste of leaves and
bark is applied on
skin, owers and fruit
or pods are taken as a
vegetable
Berberis lycium Royle Kingod Berberidaceae Roots and fruits Indigeson and fever Juice or extract was
given orally
Berberis aristata DC Kingod Berberidaceae Roots and fruits Indigeson, redness,
and eye u
Juice and extract are
given orally
Bergenia ciliata (Haw.)
Sternb.
Silpadu Saxifragaceae Leaf and roots Kidney stone and ache Extract and paste
are given orally with
warm water
Bergenia ligulata (Wall).
Engl.
Bhoya Chai Saxifragaceae Leaves and seeds Tiredness Dried leaves and
seeds are taken with
tea
Betula ulis D. Don Bhojyuda,
Bhojpatra
Betulaceae Bark and stem
outgrowth
Fever, body pain, and
wound
Paste is applied on
wound and muscles
Cannabis sava Linn. Bhang Cannabaceae Seed and leaf Fever, bronchis,
indigeson, and
impotency
Roasted seeds are
used with foods and
leaves are consumed
with smoke
Cedrus deodara (Roxb.
ex D. Don) G. Don
Devdar Pinaceae Fruit, Seed, and
hardwood
essenal oil
Joint pain, fungal
infecon, and skin
disease
Essenal oil is applied
on skin and joints
Cinnamomum tamala
(Buch.-Ham.) T. Nees &
Eberm
Dalchini,
Tejpaa
Lauraceae Leaf and bark Indigeson Leaves and bark are
used as spices
Cuscuta europaea L.Akasbail Convolvulaceae Climber Joint pain Extract is applied on
muscles and joints
Dactylorhiza hatagirea
(D. Don) Soó
Hath Panja,
Hath Jadi
Orchidaceae Tuber Diarrhea and external
wounds
Powder with warm
water or milk is given
orally and paste is
applied on the wound
Connued

www.jocmr.com 39
Tradional uses of medicinal plants among the local community
Botanical name Local name Family Part used Used in diseases Mode of use
Delphinium denudatum
Wall. ex Hook. f. &
Thomson
Nirbisi Ranunculaceae Leaf and tuber Intesnal pain and
poisoning
Extract is given orally
Dioscorea bulbifera L.Genthi Dioscoreaceae Fruit and bulb Diabetes and skin
disease
Powder is given with
warm water
Diplocyclos palmatus (L.)
Jerey
Shivlingi Cucurbitaceae Fruit Fever Juice or extract is
given orally
Ficus palmata Forssk. Bedu Moraceae Fruit and Latex Wounds treatment
and intesnal disorder
Fruit is consumed and
latex is applied on the
wound
Fragaria vesca Linn. Bhumla Rosaceae Fruit Gastrointesnal
disorder and
dehydraon
Fruits are consumed
Fumaria indica (Hausskn.)
Pugsley
Pitphapara Fumariaceae Leaf Headache, fever Extract is given orally
Genana kurroo Royle Kaudi Genanaceae Rhizome Indigeson and
stomach pain
Paste or powder is
given with warm
water
Girardinia diversifolia
(Link) Friis
Badi Kandali Urcaceae Root Applied on cuts Paste is applied on
cuts or wound
Hedychium spicatum Sm. Van Haldi Zingiberaceae Tuber Bronchis, asthma,
and pain
Extract is given orally
Hippophae salicifolia
D. Don
Amal Elaeagnaceae Fruit Diarrhea and blood
puricaon
Fruit juice is given
orally
Impaens balsamina
L. Ed.
Halu Balsaminaceae Leaf and seed Headache, burn, and
joint pain
Paste of leaves and
essenal oils from
seed are applied over
the skin and joints
Jatropha curcas Linn. Arandi Euphorbiaceae Leaf and seed Fever and joint pain Leaves and paste are
applied on the skin
Juglans regia Linn. Akhor/Akhrot Juglandaceae Dry fruit and
leaf
Pyorrhea and
weakness
Leaves paste is
applied on gums and
dry fruits are given
with milk
Lyonia ovalifolia (Wall.)
Drude
Ayaar Ericaceae Leaf Skin disease Extract or paste is
applied on the skin
Mallotus philippensis
(Lam.) Muell. Arg
Rweni Euphorbiaceae Leaf and fruit Skin disease and
external cuts
Paste is applied on
the skin
Meconopsis betonicifolia
Franch.
Jangali poth Papaveraceae Latex and seed Pain and fever Latex and paste of
seeds are given with
warm water
Megacarpaea polyandra
Benth. ex Madden
Barmol Brassicaceae Roots Fever, pain, dysentery,
and asthma
Paste is given orally
Mentha longifolia (L.)
Huds.
Jangali Pudina Lamiaceae Leaf Dehydraon and
cough
Extract is given orally
Morina longifolia Wall.
ex DC
Bishkandaru Caprifoliaceae Roots Snakebite and wound Paste is applied on
the skin
Myrica esculenta Buch.
Ham. ex D.Don
Kafal Myricaceae Fruit Gastral disorders and
indigeson
Fruit juice and whole
fruit are consumed
Nardostachys jatamansi
(D. Don) DC.
Masi Caprifoliaceae Roots and
leaves
Internal pain Powder is given with
warm water
Origanum vulgare L. Ban tulsi Lamiaceae Leaf and seed Rheumasm,
headache, and fever
Leaf paste is applied
on skin and extract
is given with warm
water
Oxalis corniculata L. Khabu Oxalidaceae Leaf Wasp bite Leaf extract is applied
on wasp bite
Paris polyphylla Sm.Bada Satuwa Melanthiaceae Tuber and roots Fever, headache,
burns, wounds, and
poisoning
Tuber paste is given
orally and applied on
the skin
Perilla frutescens (L.)
Brion
Bhangzeera Lamiaceae Seed Digesve disorder Seeds paste is given
with warm water
Connued

40 J Complement Med Res • 2018 • Vol 9 • Issue 1
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
Botanical name Local name Family Part used Used in diseases Mode of use
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle
ex. Benth.
Kutki, Kaudai Plantaginaceae Roots Fever, jaundice, pain,
and dysentery
Roots extract or
powder is given orally
Pinus roxburghii Sarg. Chir Pinaceae Latex Cuts and wound Applied on skin
Pinus wallichiana A.B.
Jacks.
Kail Pinaceae Fruit and latex Cuts and wound Applied on skin
Podophyllum hexandrum
Royle
Ban Kakdi Berberidaceae Tuber and fruit Skin disease and
wounds
Paste is applied on
the skin
Polygonatum vercillatum
(L.) All.
Salam Mishri Liliaceae Tuber and leaf Weakness Extract or paste is
given orally
Potenlla fulgens Wall.
ex Hook
Bajradan Rosaceae Whole plant Skin disease,
gastrointesnal
disorders
Leaf paste is applied
on skin and plant
extract is given orally
Prinsepia ulis Royle Bhekal Rosaceae Fruit and seed Joint pain Fruit extract and
essenal oil from
seeds is applied on
joints
Prunus armenica Linn. Chullu Rosaceae Fruit and seed Nematosis, skin
disease, and pain
Fruit or fruit juice is
given orally in pain
and nematosis, and
essenal oils from
seeds applied on the
skin
Pyracantha crenulata
(D. Don) M. Roem.
Ghingaru Rosaceae Fruit Blood puricaon Fruits or fruit juice is
given orally
Pyrus pashia Buch. -Ham.
ex. D. Don
Mol, Mehal Rosaceae Fruit Blood puricaon and
eye infecon
Fruits and juice are
given orally
Quercus leucotrichophora
A. Camus
Ban Fagaceae Fruit Cough Fruit paste is given
with warm water
Quercus semicarpifolia
Smith.
Kharsu Fagaceae Fruit Gastrointesnal
disorder in livestock
Roasted fruits paste
with buermilk
Rheum emodi Wall. Archu Polygonaceae Tuber and root Skin disease, wound,
pain, and dysentery
Paste is applied on
the skin and given
orally
Rhododendron arboreum
Sm.
Buransh Ericaceae Flower Fever, stomach ache,
and heart problems
Juice is given orally
Rhododendron
campanulatum D.Don
Simaru Ericaceae Flower Gastrointesnal
disorders
Flower extract is
given orally
Rosa moschata Herrm. Kujeen Rosaceae Fruit Gastrointesnal
disorders, Indigeson
Fruit paste is given
with warm water
Rubus ellipcus Smith. Hisar Rosaceae Beri and root Skin disease and
dehydraon
Beri is consumed
orally and roots paste
is applied on the skin
Rubus niveus Thunb. Kala Hisar Rosaceae Beri Skin disease Beri is eaten and the
extract is applied on
the skin
Rumex hastatus Don. Almodu, Almor Polygonaceae Leaf, ower Fly or Wasp bite Leaves or ower
extract is applied on
the skin
Saussurea costus (Falc.)
Lipsch
Kuth Asteraceae Tuber Pain, fever, asthma,
and cough
Tuber paste is given
orally
Saussurea obvallata
(DC.) Edgew.
Brahmkamal Asteraceae Flower Mental disorder Dried owers are
burned to create a
fume
Selinum vaginatum C.B
Clarke
Bhutkesh Apiaceae Root Skin disease and
swelling muscles
Roots paste is applied
on the skin
Solanum nigrum Linn. Gewai Solanaceae Leaf and fruit Headache and fever Leaf paste is applied
on the forehead and
extract bath is taken,
and fruit juice is given
orally
Solanum virginianum
Linn.
Kanteli Solanaceae Fruit Expelling leech from
livestock
Fruit juice is given
through nasal route
Connued

www.jocmr.com 41
Tradional uses of medicinal plants among the local community
-

       

      
      
-
 
       -





     
       
        
 






Discussion
 
       
        
       
       
  -
      

    
     
       
     
Botanical name Local name Family Part used Used in diseases Mode of use
Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Thuner Taxaceae Bark and seed Internal wound Bark and seeds
extract with warm
water is given orally
Trillidium govanianum
(Wall. ex D.Don) Kunth
Chhota Satuwa,
Nag Chhatri
Melanthiaceae Tuber Rheumasm, fever,
and sexual disorder
Powder or paste is
given with warm
water
Urca dioica Linn. Kandali Urcaceae Leaf Allergy and muscular
pain
Leaves are touched
on skin
Verbascum thapsus Linn. Akelabeer Scrophulariaceae Roots, ower Pain and fever Roots and ower
extract are given
orally
Viola pilosa Blume Banfsa Violaceae Flower Cough and fever Flower extract or
paste is given
Woodfordia frucosa
(L.) Kurz
Dhaula Lythraceae Flower Dysentery and cough Flower extract is
given
Zanthoxylum armatum
DC.
Timru Rutaceae Leaf, twigs, and
seed
Pyorrhea and wound
lling
Paste is applied in
tooth-ache and on
the wound
Table 4. Dominant families of medicinal plants used by
local communies in Asi Ganga sub-basin.
Family Species used in tradional
healthcare pracces
Araceae 2
Asteriaceae 2
Berberidaceae 3
Betulaceae 2
Caprifoliaceae 2
Ericaceae 3
Euphorbiaceae 2
Fagaceae 2
Lamiaceae 4
Pinaceae 3
Polygonaceae 2
Ranunculaceae 3
Rosaceae 9
Saxifragaceae 2
Solanaceae 2
Urcaceae 2
Table 5. Major ailments cured by local community using
plant-based remedies.
Ailments Number of plants used
Body ache 6
Cold and cough 5
Cut and wounds 13
Dysentery and diarrhea 7
Fever 19
Gastrointesnal disorder 12
Headache 5
Indigeson 8
Joint pain 5
Respiratory diseases 6
Skin diseases 13

42 J Complement Med Res • 2018 • Vol 9 • Issue 1
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
     
       
 


      
      
       
     
of modern healthcare services at the village level
-
      
        
 
  Alnus nepalensis, Quercus semi-
carpifolia, and Solanum virginanum   
     
of A. nepalensis 


      
     
      
(both male and female) from these villages having
       
      
n
 
       n  
       
       
      
-
     
    -
n


   
   

      

information and transferring the TK on the medic-


        -

Table 6. FL of some most commonly used medicinal plants in Asi Ganga sub-basin.
Species Local name Used in disease Fidelity level
(%)
Picrorhiza kurroa Royle ex. Benth. Kutki, Kaudai Fever, jaundice, pain, and dysentery 98.33
Angelica glauca Edge w. Chora Cold, cough, stomach pain, and choke 95.00
Allium humile Kunth Pharan, Ladu Asthma and pectoral complaints 91.67
Aconitum heterophyllum Wall. ex Royle As Fever, diarrhea, and body ache 88.33
Paris polyphylla Sm. Bada Satuwa Fever, headache, burns, wounds, and poisoning 85.00
Arnebia benthamii Wall. ex. G. Don Balchhadi Asthma, fever, and hair fall 81.67
Aconitum balfourii Staf. Mitha, Bish Rheumasm, wounds, and swelling 80.00
Rhododendron arboreum Sm. Buransh Fever, stomach ache, and heart problems 80.00
Dactylorhiza hatagirea (D.Don) Soó Panja, Hatha jadi Diarrhea and external wounds 78.33
Rosa moschata Herrm. Kujeen Gastrointesnal disorders 78.33
Trillidium govanianum (Wall. ex D.Don)
Kunth
Chhota Satuwa,
Nag Chhatri
Rheumasm, fever, and sexual disorder 75.00
Prunus armenica Linn. Chullu Nematosis, skin disease, and pain 73.33
Oxalis corniculata L. Khabu Wasp bite 65.00
Delphinium denudatum Wall. ex Hook.f. &
Thomson
Nirbisi Intesnal pain and poisoning 63.33
Juglans regia Linn. Akhor/Akhrot Pyorrhea and weakness 63.33
Berberis lycium Royle Kingod Indigeson and fever 61.67
Morina longifolia Wall. ex DC Bishkandaru Snakebite and wound 61.67
Zanthoxylum armatum DC. Timru Pyorrhea and wound lling 61.67
Pyrus pashia Buch. -Ham. ex. D. Don Mol, Mehal Blood puricaon 60.00
Taxus wallichiana Zucc. Thuner Internal wound 60.00
Prinsepia ulis Royle Bhekal Joints pain 58.33
Berberis aristata DC Kingod Indigeson, redness, and eye u 56.67
Rumex hastatus Don. Almodu, Almor Fly or wasp bite 55.00
Mentha longifolia (L.) Huds. Jangali Pudina Dehydraon and cough 53.33
Perilla frutescens (L.) Brion Bhangzeera Digesve disorder 53.33
Nardostachys jatamansi (D. Don) DC. Masi Internal pain 51.67
Polygonatum vercillatum (L.) All.Salam Mishri Weakness 51.67
Pyracantha crenulata (D. Don) M. Roem. Ghingaru Blood puricaon 51.67

www.jocmr.com 43
Tradional uses of medicinal plants among the local community

 
  -
tion and modern healthcare facilities the trans-
 

       
      
      
    
 
Aconitum heterophyllum,
Aconitum balfourii, Allium humile, Angelica glauca,
Arnebia benthamii, Bergenia ciliata, Dactylorhiza
hatagirea, Gentiana kurroo, Girardinia diversifo-
lia, Hedychium spicatum, Juglans regia, Meconopsis
betonicifolia, Nardostachys jatamansi, Paris poly-
phylla, Picrorhiza kurroa, Podophyllum hexan-
drum, Polygonatum verticillatum, Prinsepia utilis,
Rheum emodi, Saussurea costus, Taxus wallichiana,
Trillidium govanianum, and Zanthoxylum arma-
tum
      
However, T. govanianum, P. polyphylla, D. hatagirea,
P. kurooa, and A. balfourii are among the most trad-
-

     -
       -
  

   
       
      -
       


       -
      
and wasteland nearby the villages in different

      


      
     -

-
-
  
    
       
      
-
       
   
      
     

      -
      
       -
       

Figure 2:

44 J Complement Med Res • 2018 • Vol 9 • Issue 1
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
 
    -
     -


 
raised the attention of scientists towards medic-
   
       
      -

     



-
 
-


other region have also recommended that local

      
-
-
   

 

      
      
     
       
     
    
     -
       
     
      
      
    
      
      
and conservation activities are also being initi-
      
  
     
        

     

 

Conclusion
        
        
   
       
      
        
     
        
-
       

 

      

  
      

       
-
        
      

Acknowledgments
       -
      
      



Authors’ contribuon

  -
 
   -


References
         -
      

 

        
       -
      
     


www.jocmr.com 45
Tradional uses of medicinal plants among the local community
    
    


       
      -


 -
    

   
      

   
     
        

 
     

       
       
     
        

        

      
. 
        
       -
       
 
 
      .

       
       
      
 
 


 -
       
      

       
     

      
    

       
      


 
       -
    

   
     

          

 
-

  -


        


 
      
      

 
      


        
      
      

        

      

 -

  -
-

      -
       


    
      

      
  -


     
      

        


  


46 J Complement Med Res • 2018 • Vol 9 • Issue 1
Khima Nand, Suneet Naithani
 -
     
       
     
      

 
     
       
 

        
     -
   
    

        
      

       
       

      

 
    


       
    
     
