Song Cheng

Argonne National Laboratory | ANL

This work utilizes a rapid compression machine (RCM) to experimentally quantify autoignition and preliminary heat release characteristics for blends of 0 to 30% ethanol by volume into two surrogates (FGF-LLNL and FGF-KAUST) that represent a full boiling range gasoline (FACE-F). Experimental conditions cover pressures from 15 to 100 bar, temperature...

Through comprehensive experimental and modeling efforts, this work unravels the underlying mechanisms governing flame development and misfire at advanced engine conditions that are representative of low-load and lean blow-out operations. Toward this, preliminary heat release, autoignition, and flame developing patterns are characterized, via a case...

The properties of supercritical fluids are dictated by intermolecular interactions that involve two or more molecules. Such intermolecular interactions were described via intermolecular potentials in historical supercritical combustion modeling studies, but have been treated empirically and with no consideration of radical interactions or multi-bod...

Multi-stage heat release (MSHR) is a unique phenomenon typically seen in lean/diluted and low- to intermediate-temperature combustion. Despite its relevance to advanced engine operation, the MSHR of multi-component fuels has barely been quantified. This study aims to characterize the MSHR of multi-component fuels in a rapid compression machine (RCM...

The role of EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) olefinic constituents at advanced combustion conditions in the presence of nitric oxide is unraveled in this study through experimental and modeling efforts using a twin-piston rapid compression machine operating at a stochiometric fuel loading with 20% EGR by mass, pressures of 20 and 40 bar, and tempera...

Hydrogen atom abstraction by methyl peroxy (CH3OȮ) radicals can play an important role in gasoline/ethanol interacting chemistry for fuels that produce high concentrations of methyl radicals. Detailed kinetic reactions for hydrogen atom abstraction by CH3OȮ radicals from the components of FGF-LLNL (a gasoline surrogate) including cyclopentane, tolu...

This work seeks to characterize the fidelity needed in a gasoline surrogate with the intent to replicate the complex autoignition behavior exhibited within advanced combustion engines, and specifically Homogeneous Charge Compression Ignition (HCCI). A low-temperature gasoline combustion (LGTC) engine operating in HCCI mode and a rapid compression m...

This work reports an experimental and modeling study on the chemical kinetic interactions of NO with a multi-component gasoline surrogate, namely PACE-20, using a twin-piston rapid compression machine at a stochiometric fuel loading with 20% EGR (exhaust gas recirculation) by mass, pressures of 20 and 40 bar, and temperatures from 700 to 930 K. Fiv...

With the increasing pressure to decarbonize the transportation sector, exploring strategies that can reduce emissions from light-duty vehicles (LDV) has become critical. Bioblendstocks that allow for higher engine efficiency and fuel economy could complement vehicle electrification and help reach carbon neutrality by 2050. In this context, the pote...

Fuel blending effects on chemically-dominated fuel properties, such as gasoline anti-knock quality, are influenced by fundamental chemical kinetic interactions between the blending agent and the base fuel. Historically, quantification of such interactions has focused on direct changes to the radical pool, including ȮH and HO2, while intermolecular...

This work reports an experimental and modeling study on the blending effects of C3–C4 iso-alcohols, namely iso-propanol and iso-butanol, on the characteristics of intermediate temperature heat release (ITHR) for a research-grade gasoline (FACE-F) in a rapid compression machine operating at diluted/stoichiometric fuel loading, compressed pressure of...

The application of the Livengood-Wu (LW) integral method as a tool to estimate knock onset in spark ignited (SI) engines and combustion phasing in advanced compression ignition (ACI) engines has been demonstrated through simulations several times. In this study, the effect of uncertainties associated with parameters required for the LW integral met...

C2–C4 alcohols are advantageous blendstocks identified by many research groups, including the U.S. Department of Energy Co-Optima Initiative, towards enabling efficient, boosted Spark-Ignition (SI) engines. Their use in advanced engine applications requires a comprehensive understanding of their intermediate-temperature autoignition behavior. This...

Alcohols, and particularly isoalcohols, are potentially advantageous blendstocks towards achieving efficient, low-carbon intensity internal combustion engines. Their use in advanced configurations, such as boosted spark-ignition or spark-assisted compression ignition, requires a comprehensive understanding of their blending effects on the low- and...

This work reports on an experimental and modeling study on the low-temperature heat release (LTHR) characteristics for three RON 90 binary blends (n-heptane blended with isooctane, toluene and ethanol) in a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine at lean and stoichiometric conditions that are representative of homogeneous charge compression ignition...

Propanol and butanol isomers have received significant research attention as promising fuel additives or neat biofuels. Robust chemical kinetic models are needed that can provide accurate and efficient predictions of combustion performance across a wide range of engine relevant conditions. This study seeks to improve the understanding of ignition a...

Combustion chemistry models have been developed with inherent uncertainties in them. Whether a model that is developed using fundamental combustion experiments is capable to reproduce practical combustion processes within typical levels of measurement uncertainty is an open question. This paper quantifies the uncertainty of engine autoignition simu...

Ethanol is an attractive oxygenate increasingly used for blending with petroleum-derived gasoline yielding beneficial combustion and emissions behavior for a range of internal combustion engine schemes, including stoichiometric spark-ignition and low temperature combustion (LTC). As such, it is important to fundamentally understand the autoignition...

The ability of a kinetic model to simulate combustion in practical engines relies on the uncertainty of the kinetic parameters in the model. It remains as a question whether a kinetic model that has been extensively validated by high-quality kinetic experiments is capable of reproducing an engine combustion phenomenon to the measurement uncertainty...

This paper describes a study on the autoignition of three pentane isomers (n-, neo- and iso-pentane) in a Cooperative Fuel Research (CFR) engine operating at standard, ASTM knocking conditions. The Research Octane Numbers (RONs) of these three fuels are first measured and compared to historical data. Autoignition of pentane/air mixtures in the CFR...

This study explores the autoignition characteristics of three C5 isomers, namely n-pentane, 2-methylbutane (iso-pentane) and 2,2-dimethylpropane (neo-pentane). These measurements are intended to enhance understanding of C5 autoignition chemistry, and provide experimental data to guide improvements to a general hydrocarbon oxidation mechanism. To th...

Alkanes are a major constituent of gasoline fuels. Their combustion chemistries, however, have attracted relatively less attention compared to their shorter and longer chain counterparts. As a part of an international collaboration on studying C5 combustion chemistry, this paper reports kinetic modeling of the oxidation of normal-, iso-, and neo-pe...

The cycle performance of the novel 5 mm outer diameter (OD) finned tube heat exchangers (FTHX) with different helix angles (1°, 6°) were investigated as indoor unit in split air conditioning systems to be compared with those of the conventional indoor ones (5 mm and 7 mm FTHX with helix angle of 18°). Conventional T-splitter of the outdoor heat exc...

In order to find alternative refrigerants which exhibit both favorable cycle performance and environmental friendliness, R32 and R290 were utilized to contrast to R22 and R410A as substitutes in the present study. The experiments were conducted with a 5 mm finned tube heat exchanger based on the enthalpy method in a small split household air condit...

Abstract Al–Cu composed (ACC) tube–fin heat exchangers made through three different tube expanders (6.38, 6.40 and 6.43 mm) are investigated in air conditioner systems to evaluate their cycle performances experimentally. Aluminum and copper heat exchangers of the same kind are also adopted to make comparisons. The results show that in the aspect of...

The present work investigated the phase distribution of a gas–liquid flow in five parallel micro-T channels oriented horizontally and examined the flow behavior in header and branch channels, all with trapezoidal cross-section. The hydraulic diameters of the header and the branch channels were 0.611 mm and 0.438 mm, respectively. Pure water and 0.0...