Sohail Muhammad

Waterford Institute of Technology | WIT · Electronic Engineering

The interface tailoring is crucial for the efficiency and stability of Perovskite Solar Cells (PSCs). The reported interface engineering primarily focuses on the energy level turning and trap states passivation to improve the photovoltaic performance of PSCs. In this review, we have classified molecule modifications according to the basics of elect...

Citrus plants face various abiotic stresses like drought during their life span which significantly affect their active growth and development. Tetraploid (4×) plants are more adaptable to environmental constraints than diploid (2×) plants by inducing critical physiological and biochemical processes. In this study, tetraploid and their correspondin...

PGRs play an important role to maintain plant metabolism under different abiotic stress conditions. Among different PGRs, SA is one of the major regulators which directly involves in plant growth and development and also in tolerance mechanism against different abiotic stresses. SA regulates the genes involved in the plant's physiological, biochemi...

Salinity is globally considered a widespread problem of the irrigated soils in arid and semi-arid areas. To minimize the negative effect of salinity seed priming technique is proved as a useful by improve germination and seedling growth. Therefore, the current study was conducted to evaluate the effect of different priming techniques on fenugreek u...

Markaz-2019' is a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar developed and released by the wheat breeding program at the Wheat Yield Trial (SAWYT) entry number (332) from CIMMYT during 2011-2012. Following evaluation of this candidate, 'NR-449' was used as candidate line for five growing seasons at NARC-Islamabad and in multi-location trials and...

Triarylamine end-capped-functionalized arylene-imidazole derivatives were synthesized from readily accessible, inexpensive precursors and employed as hole transporting materials (HTMs) in perovskite solar cells (PSCs). All the HTMs displayed high thermal decomposition temperatures (>410 °C), which is beneficial for realizing stable PSC devices. In...

Metal‐halide perovskites are optoelectronic materials applied to solar cells as light‐absorber due to their excellent optoelectronic properties. The power conversion efficiency (PCE) of perovskite solar cells (PSCs) reached 25.7% certified, which stands in comparison with Si solar cells. Importantly, compositional engineering of perovskites has bee...

Wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) is predominantly growing in areas where terminal drought stress is the foremost yield limiting factor. Since genetic variability for climate resilience is weakened in modern wheat cultivars, exploring drought tolerance potential of the synthetic back-derived wheat lines (SBL) might help to widen genetic diversity for w...

Ionic stress is the major component of salinity and is brought about by excess ions accumulation, especially in the aerial parts of plants. Salinization is the major problem affecting crop productivity. The effective way to understand, to cope the salt effectiveness and increase crop productivity is to study the tolerance mechanism of halophytes. H...

Due to a certified 25.2% high efficiency, low cost, and easy fabrication; perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are the focus of interest among the next‐generation photovoltaic technologies. Long‐term stability is one of the most challenging obstacles to bring technology from the lab to the market. In this review, applications of self‐assembled monolayers...

Background Flouroquinolones (FQs) are the potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and used in the treatment of MDR-TB and anti-TB short term regimens. In recent year’s high proportion of flouroquinolone (FQs) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates has been observed. The development of FQs resistance among multidrug resistant TB (Pre-X...

Background Flouroquinolones (FQs) are the potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and used in the treatment of MDR-TB and anti-TB short term regimens. In recent year’s high proportion of flouroquinolone (FQs) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates has been observed. The development of FQs resistance among multidrug resistant TB (Pre-X...

Four spirobisacridine (SBA) hole-transporting materials were synthesized and employed in perovskite solar cells (PSC). The molecules bear electronically inert alkyl chains of different length and bulkiness, attached to in-plane N-atoms of nearly orthogonal spiro-connected acridines. Di-p-methoxyphenylamine (DMPA) substituents tailored to the centra...

Seed dormancy is a prerequisite for preservation and cultivation of crops. The genetic characteristics of seeds and external environmental conditions combinedly influence the seed vigority. Therefore, seed dormancy and vigor can modify the growth, development, and yield capacity of both agronomic and horticultural crops. There are some physiologica...

Background In recent year’s high proportion of flouroquinolone (FQs) resistance in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates has been observed. The multidrug resistant TB is a serious risk for its transition to XDR-TB. Methods A total of 562 samples were included in the study from patients with pulmonary TB which had been on anti-tuberculosis therapy. MT...

Background Fluoroquinolones (FQs) are potential drugs that inhibit DNA synthesis and are used in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (TB) and short-term anti-TB regimens. In recent years, a high proportion of FQ resistance has been observed in Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates. The development of FQ resistance in multidrug-resistant...

Huanglongbing (HLB), also known as citrus greening disease, is the most devastating disease of citrus across the world, caused by the phloem limited fastidious bacterium ‘Candidatus Liberibacter spp.’. This research was con‑ ducted on HLB infected 10‑year‑old Kinnow orchard located at Multan, Pakistan. Different classes of antibiotics in various co...

Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important biological gasotransmitter in living cells. Precise spatial and temporal control over release of CO is a major requirement for clinical application. To date, the most reported carbon monoxide releasing materials use expensive fabrication methods and require harmful and poorly designed tissue-penetrating UV irrad...

The electron transfer rate between a donor and an acceptor depends on the free energy change for the reaction as well as differences in structure and electronic coupling between the initial and final states. Selective excitation of a naphthalenediimide radical anion (NDI•−) covalently linked at the 4-, 5, or 6-positions of the bipyridine (bpy) in t...

Electrochemical reduction of the Mn(bpy)(CO)3X CO2 reduction catalyst is thought to proceed by the initial reduction of MnI to Mn⁰. We have covalently attached a naphthalenediimide radical anion (NDI•-) chromophore to the 4-, 5-, or 6-positions of the bpy via a phenyl bridge to produce Mn(NDI•--bpy)(CO)3X, where X = Br, CH3CN, or DMF, and have used...

Background and aims: Minimum EUS and ERCP volumes that should be offered per trainee in "high quality" advanced endoscopy training programs (AETPs) are not established. We aimed to define the number of procedures required by an "average" advanced endoscopy trainee (AET) to achieve competence in technical and cognitive EUS and ERCP tasks to help st...

This research aims to analyze certain effects of yarn characteristics such as: cotton type, yarn quality, yarn spinning technique, yarn twist and linear density and yarn finish on coefficient of friction of yarn by using Taguchi approach. For evaluation of levels and response factors, 72 experiments are performed by using L36 orthogonal design twic...

Plasmodium is the causative agent of malaria, transmit with the bites of female mosquito anopheles called malarial vectors. The four species P. Falciparum, P. vivax, P. ovale and P. Malariae are the causative agents of the malaria. Malaria is major cause of morbidity and mortality with high risk areas of Pakistan, mainly located in Sindh, Baluchist...

In this study the synthesis of bi-phase nanoparticles of Fe 1.46 Zn 0.5 La 0.04 Cu 0.5 O 4 (FZLCs) ceramics were first carried out by Sol-gel method and then nanocomposites of FZLCs with polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), polyethylene glycol (PEG) and polyethylene oxide (PEO) were prepared by one-pot blending technique. XRD, FT-I...

Nitrogen fertilizer application at different growthstages is likely to improve N use efficiency, grain quality and yield of wheat crop. Application of right N fertilizer dose at right time can help to reduce production cost and environmental pollution as well. The research work was carried out to examine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer, when a...

SUMARY. Given the importance of Avian avulaviruses (AAvVs) in commercial poultry, continuous monitoring and surveillance in natural reservoirs (waterfowls) is imperative. Here, we report full genomic and biologic characterization of two virulent AAvVs isolated from apparently asymptomatic green-winged teal (Anas carolinensis). Genetic characterizat...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory hydrophobic drugs (NSAIDs) are amongst the most commonly given categories of drugs worldwide in the treatment of pain, irritation and some of them even fever in many conditions. Critical micelle concentration of NSAIDs with Naproxen sodium (NS) and its mixture with non-ionic surfactants i.e. Tween 20, Tween 40 and Twe...

Background & aims: It is unclear whether participation in competency-based fellowship programs for endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) and endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) result in high-quality care in independent practice. We aimed to measure quality indicator (QI) adherence during the first year of independent practice among physic...

Abstract -- This paper presents F-shape frequency reconfigurable planar monopole antenna. The antenna operates in multi frequency bands according to the user requirements. The design is based on monopole using FR4 substrate of thickness 1.6mm with a truncated ground plane. The reconfigurability is achieved by embedding switch in the radiating struc...

The dispiro-oxepine/dispiro-thiapine derivatives for optoelectronic semiconductors is a compound based on a structure having a functionalized dispiro compound of formula (Ia) or (Ib) with the core unit being a seven-membered heterocycle oxepine or thiapine, the derivative being formed by combining (Ia) or (Ib): with two moities selected from K1 and...

Hypertension with a prevalence of 30% throughout the world is considered a major concern. 1 Hypertension has a direct relationship with many diseases and can cause damage to the heart, 2 kidneys, 3 brain, lungs, and is associated with end organ failure. 4 A study conducted on the adult population in 2000 showed that an estimated 26.4% (972 million)...

Multiple voltage domains are commonplace in modern SoCs and level shifter (LS) circuits allow different voltage domains to be interfaced with each other. As the reduced supply voltages are extensively used in digital blocks for low-power operation, the conversion of sub-threshold voltage levels to full VDD signal becomes a particular problem. In th...

Wheat is the major food crop of Pakistan. Newly developed wheat cultivar Pak-13 was evaluated by an assortment of seeding densities planted at NARC, Islamabad during the rabi season of 2014-15. The experiment was done under Randomized Complete Block Design and was replicated four times having six different seeding densities (SD1: 50, SD2: 75, SD3:...

In the present study sol–gel [1] method was successfully used to synthesize nanoparticles of Fe1.46Zn0.5La0.04Cu0.504O4 (FLZCs). High resolution scanning electron microscopy (HRSEM) specified the formation of granular nano spheres beside an intermediated phase of nanowires. Polymer-blended magnetic materials were obtained using poly (vinyl pyrrolid...

Medicinal plants have been used for centuries, and various cultures still depend on the plants for their primary health care needs. In the present study selected plant Oxalis corniculata is collected from Bajaur region, Pakistan. The plants extracts were obtained and further fractionated into ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane along with their aqu...

Medicinal plants have been used for centuries, and various cultures still depend on the plants for their primary health care needs. In the present study selected plant Oxalis corniculata is collected from Bajaur region, Pakistan. The plants extracts were obtained and further fractionated into ethyl acetate, chloroform, n-hexane along with their aqu...

In this paper, we present our decoupled differential read (DDR) port and bitline (BL) pre-charging scheme. The proposed scheme allows the charge sharing between bitlines during the read operation. DDR port isolates the internal nodes, thus improves the read static noise margin and allows the subthreshold operation. BLs are not pre-charged to full V...

Dimethoxydiphenylamine-substituted dispiro-oxepine derivative 2,2',7,7'-tetrakis-(N,N'-di-4-methoxyphenylamine)dispiro-[fluorene-9,4'-dithieno[3,2-c:2',3'-e]oxepine-6',9''-fluorene] (DDOF) has been designed and synthesized using a facile synthetic route. The novel hole transporting material (HTM) was fully characterized and tested in perovskite sol...

Fodder and grain yield of maize, millet and sorghum is constrained by environ-mental conditions by early or delay sowing dates instead optimum sowing dates. For optimization of fodder and grain yield, sowing at the suitable time to fit the cultivar physiological maturity duration and crop growing season is very important. Crop growth models could b...

We propose a novel charge sharing bit-line 10T SRAM for differential read and single ended (SE) write. Decoupled read provides high noise margin. Read bit-lines are not charged to full VDD, and these share charge for read 1 operation. A new write driver is proposed for SE write which charges the write-bit-line conditionally. Virtual power rail is u...

Abstract: Breeding in wheat crop for improvement in new varieties having high yield, besides desirable and durable disease resistance is a continuous and long-term process and if it is coupled with better agro economic traits evaluation, there can be a clearer picture about the performance of newly developed cultivar in any crop species. A field st...

In this article, a new energy efficient level shifter circuit is described for robust sub-threshold to above-threshold voltage conversion. The design is based on a modification of the Wilson current mirror that minimizes the static current and improves the energy efficiency. The proposed level shifter is capable of converting a 200 mV signal into a...

Level shifter circuits are necessary parts of modern SoCs, as they interface different voltage domain signals. This paper presents an energyefficient level up shifter capable of converting sub-threshold input signal to higher levels. The proposed design uses the feedback mechanism of a regulated gate cascode to achieve energy efficient operation. O...

Purpose: To develop a sensitive and validated reverse phase-high performance liquid chromatographic (RP-HPLC) method for quantification of olanzapine in micro-sample of rat plasma using UV detection. Methods: A single oral dose of olanzapine (7 mg/kg) was given to overnight fasted rats (n = 6). Rat plasma samples containing the drug were extracted...

The objective was to develop and compare an accurate and reproducible HPLC method for determination of 5-fluouracil (5-FU) in rabbit and human plasma. A simple, rapid, accurate, precise and sensitive high pressure liquid chromatography method has been developed and subsequently validated for determination of 5-FU. The current method has been develo...

Drought is a major issue for low yield in Pakistan as well as in the world. The yield of maize hybrid is higher than the open pollinated varieties. Eight maize genotypes (M14, A50-2, A509, A545, A638, A239, A521-1, A556) were assessed under normal and drought conditions. Results indicated that the female parent M14 and A50-2 and male parent A521-1...

The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of bribery on firm performance and provides quantitative estimates of the impact of corruption on the performance of the firm. Impact of bribery is checked through the questionnaire which is distributed among 100 respondents. In theoretical framework, firm performance is dependent variable and...

The purpose of this study is to analyze the impact of performance appraisal on productivity. Appraisal tools are used to measure the output of workers which are compared with the given tasks with specific working environment in designing these tools there is three step process define the job, appraise the performance and providing the relative feed...

Wheat under rainfed conditions of Pothwar region of Pakistan is usually exposed to limited soil moisture during early growth period and high temperature stress during reproductive growth stage. Better yield under stressful environment is the main objective while evaluating genotypes for rainfed ecologies. A field study was conducted at National Agr...

Participatory varietal selection is a rapid and cost effective way of identifying farmer’s preferred variety from diverse genetic material. A number of indigenous advanced wheat lines, and exotic material from CIMMYT, ICARDA and Turkey were tested using participatory varietal selection during 1998 to 2001 in the northern areas (Gilgit Baltistan) of...

A newly developed wheat cultivar NARC 2011 was evaluated for physio- agronomic traits by varying Humic acid concentrations and Effective microbes at different phenological stages during rabi season of 2010-11 in the field area allocated to national coordinated wheat program of national agricultural research centre, Islamabad. The experiment was lai...

Interest rate an important indicator of monetary policy always has major impact on financial sector performance. The purpose of this paper is to enlightened the monetary policy effect on banking sector stability and performance by investigating the casual relationship between interest rate imposed by state bank of Pakistan and bank financial perfor...

A study was conducted to evaluate the effect of supplementary feed, fertilizers and physico-chemical parameters on the primary and secondary productivity of earthen ponds stocked with Indian major carps (Catla catla, Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala) under monoculture system. Three fish species (350±15 g) were stocked at 70fish/pond for 90 days....

Stripe rust (Puccinia striiformis Westend. f. sp. tritici) poses a serious threat to wheat production in cooler areas of Pakistan. The 70% area of wheat in Pakistan is prone to stripe rust disease. It can cause 10-17% yield losses if susceptible cultivars are planted under favorable conditions. Level of partial plant resistance in bread wheat a...

High temperature stressduringgrainfilling stages is one of the main wheat yield limiting factors under rainfed conditionsof Pakistan. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate physio-agronomic traitsof different wheat genotypes for better yield and heat toleranceunder rainfed conditions. Variable growing conditions during grain filling periodw...

A newly developed wheat cultivar NARC 2011 was evaluated for physio-agronomic traits by varying Humic acid concentrations and Effective microbes at different phenological stages during rabi season of 2010-11 in the field area allocated to national coordinated wheat program of national agricultural research centre, Islamabad. The experiment was laid...

For rainfed ecology, water is the most limiting natural resource and its effective utilization is indispensable in order to optimize crop water productivity. A field study on wheat crop was carried out to asses the impact of different irrigation depths through sprinkler irrigation system at three phonological stages viz. tilleing, anthesis and grai...

This Activity monitoring of workers in installations such as industries, underground tunnels, sewerage lines, remote field deployments etc. is a daunting task. Due to lack of communication systems and scarce energy resources, these scenarios pose great challenges in developing a monitoring system for workers. The design of activity recognition syst...

Low soil fertility is one of the main wheat yield limiting factors under rainfed conditions. Farmers usually apply full N dose at seeding. However, winter showers during vegetative growth period provide an opportunity to apply N in split doses. Study was conducted to find out appropriate N rate and application method to enhance wheat productivity....

Background of the Study: The propose of the present work was to develop chemically cross-linked polyvinyl alcohol-co-poly(methacrylic acid) hydrogel (PVA-MAA hydrogel) for pH responsive delivery of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU). Methods: PVA based hydrogels were prepared by free radical copolymerization. PVA has been cross-linked chemically with monomer (m...

Exogenous application of plant growth regulators is an important element in modern day agricultural production technology. The precursor of auxin, L-Tryptophan (L-TRP), is the most important plant growth regulator and is physiologically very vital in modelling plant growth and development. To evaluate the effect of L-TRP on chickpea plant weight an...

The objective of present research is to find the correct dimensions of point spread function (PSF), which is a crucial step in blind deconvolution of linearly blurred images. Usually size of PSF is estimated by trial and error, based on user experience. Keeping in view the fuzzy nature of this problem, we have implemented a fuzzy inference system (...

In the mol-ecule of the title compound, C(15)H(15)NO(4)S, the dihedral angle between the two rings is 88.05 (7)°. The methyl ester group is nearly coplanar with the adjacent ring [dihedral angle = 2.81 (10)°], whereas it is oriented at 86.90 (9)° with respect to the plane of the ring attached to the -SO(2)- group. Weak intra-molecular C-H⋯O hydroge...

In the title compound, C 17H 17N 3O 5S 2, the dihedral angle between the two benzene rings is 81.27 (8)° and the heterocyclic ring is oriented at 9.1 (2) and 76.01 (9)° with respect to these rings. molecules are connected via N - H⋯N and N - H⋯O hydrogen bonds, generating an R 22(8) motif, into chains running along the [001] direction. There is als...

Response of wheat genotypes to deficient and adequate levels of phosphorus was studied in solution culture. Substantial differences in growth parameters such as total plant dry matter (TDM), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM), root: shoot ratio and some phosphorus related parameters were obvious at deficient and adequate P levels. TDM ra...

Ectodermal dysplasia (ED) represents a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by the absence or deformity in two or more of the ectodermal appendages. We have studied an autosomal recessive form of ED in 13 individuals over six generations from an inbred Pakistani family. The clinical features of the affected individuals include hig...

Hereditary hypotrichosis is a rare autosomal recessive condition characterized clinically by alopecia. Three consanguineous kindreds with multiple affected individuals were ascertained from different regions of Pakistan. A novel hypotrichosis locus was mapped to a 5.5 cM region on chromosome 18q21.1. A maximum two-point LOD score of 5.25 was obtain...

Autosomal recessive nonsyndromic deafness is one of the most frequent forms of inherited hearing impairment. Over 30 autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss loci have been mapped, and 15 genes have been isolated. Of the over 30 reported autosomal recessive nonsyndromic hearing loss (NSHL) loci, the typical phenotype is prelingual non-progress...

A new syndromic form of X-linked mental retardation associated to obesity, MRXS7, has been localised to Xp11.3-Xq23 in a large Pakistani family. The ten affected males show clinical manifestations of mental retardation, obesity and hypogonadism. The family was genotyped by a set of microsatellite markers spaced at approximately 10 cM intervals on t...

A field trial was carried out to evaluate the effect of different seed rates on the production of direct wet-seeded rice. The coarse rice variety IR-6 was sown at seed rate of 40, 60, 80, 100, 120, 140, 160 and 180 kg ha^-1. The results revealed that paddy yield, harvest index, net income and benefit-cost ratio was maximum at medium seed...

Thesis (M.S.)--University of Houston, 1992. Degree granted by Dept. of Computer Science. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 72-73).