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Report of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China, 2009

Authors:
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
中国 2009 年恶性肿瘤发病和
死亡分析
陈万青 #张思维 #郑荣寿 #曾红梅 #邹小农 # #吴良有 !李光琳 ! #
%&’ 国家癌症中心北京 &"""!&!(卫生部疾病预防控制局&"""))
摘 要评估中国肿瘤登记地区 !""* 年恶性肿瘤的发病与死亡情况。 [按照全
国肿瘤登记中心制定的审核方法和评价标准对全国 &+) 个肿瘤登记处上报的 !""* 肿瘤
记数据进行评估,! 个登记处的数据入选计算恶性肿瘤发病率死亡率&+ 位恶性肿
瘤顺位累积率人口标准化率根据全国 &*-! 年人口普查的人口结构和 ./012世界人
口结构为标准。 [结果!++* ,! 个登记地区共覆盖人口 -3 ),+ 3!! 其中城市 3, )-* ++*
农村 !, *-# 3#$ ), 恶性肿瘤新发病例 !)) $44 肿瘤死亡病例 #3) $#+ 病理诊断比例
4,(!$5只有死亡证明书比例为 $’&)5死亡发病比为 +’4$全部地区恶性肿瘤发病率为
!-3’*&6&+ 男性 $&,(*,6&+ 女性 !3$(+*6&+ ), 中标发病率 &)4(-,6&+ 世标发病率
&*&(,!6&+ 累积率+7,) !!(+-5城市地区发病率为 $+$($*6&+ 中标发病率 &3+($&6
&+ 农村地区发病率为 !)*(*-6&+ 中标发病率 &$*(4-6&+ 全部地区恶性肿瘤死亡率为
&-+(3)6&+ 男性 !!)(!+6&+ &$3(-36&+ ), 中标死亡率 -3(+46&+ 世标死亡率
&&3(436&+ 累积死亡率+7,) &!(*)5城市地区死亡率为 &-&(-46&+ 中标死亡率
-+(-46&+ 农村地区死亡率为 &,,(-$6&+ 中标死亡率 *)()+6&+ 肺癌结直肠癌
食管癌胰腺癌淋巴瘤女性乳腺癌和宫颈癌是中国常见的恶性肿瘤全部
新发病例的 ,4($*5食管癌结直肠癌胰腺癌乳腺癌脑瘤白血病和淋巴
瘤是主要的肿瘤死因约占全部肿瘤死亡病例的 -)(!,5。 [中国城乡地区肿瘤负担差异
明显应根据实际情况有重点地开展防治工作
关键词:肿瘤登记恶性肿瘤发病率死亡率中国
中图分类号8,$9$& 文献标识码:文章编号&++)9+!)!!+&$+&9+++!9&&
Report of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in China2009
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中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
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!""8 年卫生部设立肿瘤登记项目旨在扩大肿
瘤登记覆盖范围提高肿瘤登记质量在全国逐步
建立肿瘤监测系统中国肿瘤登记年报制度自 !""E
年开始实施以来时发登记的恶
数据并逐年完善数据从数量和质量上
都稳步提高!"F! 收集全国记地!G"H
全国肿瘤登记中心对数据进行了审核整理和
分析并发布主要结果
F资料与方法
*+* 资料来源
!"F! 年国家癌症中心共收集全国 F"9 个肿瘤
登记处提交的 !""H 年肿瘤登记资料登记处分布
!H 自治区直辖市其中地级以上城市 9E
城市地区),县和县级市 I8 农村地区)。 8$
登记处的资料由疾病预防控制中心上报!F 个由肿
瘤防治研究所上报
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!""H 全国末人数的 8:!"< F"9
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病比ONJ等主要指标评价资料的可靠性完整
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即病理组织学诊断所占比例大于 EE<只有死亡医学
证明书比例小于 FI<死亡N发病比在 G:EWG:8 之间
根据登记处上报恶性肿瘤发病率和死亡率水
平的合理性及变化趋势OL<U>V<ONJ诊断不
明的百分比XY<)、原发部位不明比VZX<
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#武威市凉州区&
I BB"CG$ C!F!JD FDD$"J !G$J IGGD BCI !"!F I$G! DF!
Y2+2+1#西宁市&I GG!G$B F$BIJC FF$DDF IFB! BJI C!I GFF CGC !CB
Y2+5’*+#新源县&! !JIBFF I$GGBC I$$"FB CDG $$" !$G $"" IB! I"G
情监F
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
肿瘤登记地区总体 %&’()*!$+!,-.+
$*#/+ !%01 比 例 为 "*($!其中城市地区分别为
(2*3(+"$*4$+ 4*(4#农村地区分别为 (!*3#+ "
$*/$+4*)#56789: !;$
1.3 统计学分析
行合并汇总分析!并按地
级以上城市和县%县级市&
划分城市和农村!分别计
算地区别""年龄别发
%&"年龄别发病
%&"标 化 发 病 %
&"构成比"
%&中国人口标化
%简称中标率&#32!
年全国普查标准人口年龄
!世界人口标化率%
&<:=>(?
界标准人口年龄构成
!结 果
2.1 全国肿瘤登记地区恶
性肿瘤发病率
)! 个登记处共报告恶
性肿瘤新发病例 !// $((
!#$) /(! !
#4( 34/
!443 全国
地 区 恶 性 肿 瘤 发 病 率 为
!2@*3#0#4 %$#)*3)0
#4 !!@$*430#4 &!
#/(*2)0#4 !
#3#*)!0#4 !
%4A)/ &!!*42+
市地区恶性肿瘤发病率为
$4$*$30#4 %$$4*#30
#4 !!)(*#@0#4 &!
中标率 #@4*$#0#4 !世标率
#3@*)/0#4 !累积率 %4A)/
&!!*!$+!
病率为 !/3*320#4 %男性 !3$*#40#4!!4@*!@0
#4 &!中标率为 #$3*(20#4 !世标率为 #2!*220#4
!累积率%4A)/ &!#*)(+城市恶性肿瘤发病率"
中标率"世标率和累积发病率均高于农村%6789: $&’
Table 2 Quality evaluation for China cancer registration in 2009
-7BC:D E99 7D:7? FD87B GHD79
%&’ ,-.’ %01 %&’ ,-.’ %01 %&’ ,-.’ %01
.D79 7BI JK7DLB=:79 2!M4! #M3$ 4M/! 2!M3! #M24 4M/# )2M@@ !M/! 4M//
N7?OJK7DLBP )#M33 $M4@ 4M@@ )!M$) !M3# 4M@@ )4M(@ $M@/ 4M@(
Q?OJK7=H? )@M!3 !M(! 4M)( )4M3/ $M@3 4M)@ )2M@3 #M22 4M))
<ROS7CK )(M#/ !M3@ 4M)# )$M#2 $M!/ 4M)4 )3M3$ !M@2 4M)$
-O9OD:CRHS 24M!( !M4! 4M/2 24M!$ !M4$ 4M/2 24M$3 !M44 4M@#
T>U:D $/M#4 @M3# 4M3# $2M## (M42 4M3# !)M/( @M($ 4M3#
V799897II:D /)M(/ /M$3 "M)3 /)M/W /M)$ "M2W /2M@( $M"! "M)!
X7BCD:7? $)M3( /M)W "M3W $2M$3 /M@) "M3W $(M(! @MW( "M3W
6KDO7R )(M(3 !M3$ "M@! )2M2( !M@/ "M/) ()M3( /M/3 "M)!
THB= @"M)( /M22 "M2@ @@M"$ /M)W "M2( $2M(2 @M$@ "M2/
.RK:D OD=7B? >B CK:?R @3MW3 !M)3 "M@$ ("M(3 !M2) "M@/ @!M)( !M/@ "M/3
6KLDO>I 23M)$ "M$) "M"2 3"MW$ "M$/ "M"2 2)M@W "M@2 "MWW
TLSJKOS7 3!M$! "M3@ "M@( 3!M3" "M2W "M@$ 23M@@ WM(W "M)"
T:HY:S>7 3$M)! WM@" "M)@ 3/M$2 WM/@ "M)W 3WM(2 WM(2 "M22
.RK:D C7BC:D? ((M/( $M$2 "M@" ((M2/ !M2" "M/( (/M)3 @M3! "M($
6OR79 ()M!$ $MW/ "M($ (2M3( $M"$ "M(" (!M3W $M/$ "M)W
ZOB: @$M2( (M@4 4M)! @)M(( (M!/ 4M(@ /)M@2 (M3/ 4M2/
<Y>B S:97BOS7 2(M(! 4M(/ 4M@! 2@M/W 4M!) 4M@/ 3WM/3 !MW$ 4M/W
ZD:7?R 2)M22 4M2) 4M!/ 22M/( 4M)@ 4M!$ 2@MW3 WM/4 4M!3
-:DU>P 2(M)! WMW3 4M!@ 2(M/3 WM4@ 4M!/ 2)M!$ WM@4 4M!2
FR:DH? 2/MW) WM23 4M$$ 2)M@W WM/( 4M!) )$M)2 $M!! 4M/3
.U7DL )3M/4 WM@@ 4M/$ 24MW3 WM(@ 4M/@ )(M$2 WMW( 4M$2
XDO?R7R: )WMW) WM)4 4M/! )!M4) WM/@ 4M/4 ($M42 $M3) 4M(@
6:?R>? 2!M@) 4M44 4MW3 2!M!$ 4M44 4MW) 2/M43 4M44 4M!@
[>IB:L )(M(W WM!! 4M$$ )2M@( WMW/ 4M$! @3M3! WM3@ 4M/@
Z97II:D ))M3) WM2/ 4M$3 )3M(! WM2/ 4M$2 )4MW@ WM2$ 4M/)
ZD7>B @WM4W $M/W 4M(4 @)M/4 !M34 4M@/ $/M/2 /M)@ 4M)(
Table 3 The incidence in cancer registration in 2009
ED:7 V:BI:D -7BC:D C7?:? -DHI: >BC>I:BC:
5W0W4@;
E<G -K>B7
5W0W4@;
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%79: W$)/(! $W)M3) W(@M3!
]:S79: W4(34/ !@$M43 W!3M/3
FD87B ZORK W)//W2 $4$M$3 W@4M$W
%79: 3@)4@ $$4MW3 W(@M@4
]:S79: )2)W$ !)(MW@ W$)M43
GHD79 ZORK (33/2 !/3M32 W$3M(2
%79: /W)@) !3$MW4 W((M3/
]:S79: !2W3W !4@M!@ WW$M4)
E<G ^OD9I
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!!4M$$
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!@M(2
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!@M!@
W3M//
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!(M(@
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E<G -K>B7)E=:-?R7BI7DI>‘:I D7R: 8L -K>B7 JOJH97R>OBM
E<G ^ODI)E=:-?R7BI7DI>‘:I D7R: 8L ^OD9I JOJH97R>OBM
癌情监测
@
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
%&’ &()*+ %,, -(’-. /(0-1 2*(-,
3)45 6-,’ 7’8-,’ 3)45 6-,’ 7’8-,’ 3)45 6-,’ 7’8-,’
9)4-, !:;<=> $>?<=? !;$<@= $"$<$= $$"<>= !?A<>; !B=<=: !=$<>" !";<!;
"C >B<:B >$<B; >A<$= >=<;! >?<B> !><:B ?<!> ?<>$ ?<!=
>C >$<?! >;<=$ >><!; >?<": >=<?A >B<>B :<!A =<:; A<B!
;C ?<"A ?<B! A<AA :<A: :<A= :<AA B<?= ;<A; $<:!
>"C ?<?= :<;$ A<=: =<$> >"<>$ :<B$ ;<A= A<$; B<=;
>;C >><$; >><:: >"<?= >><A$ >><:; >><B" >"<:B >><=$ =<AA
!"C >A<B; >B<A= >:<$! >?<;$ >;<!; >=<=: >$<:; >$<$> >B<B"
!;C !A<=? !"<=? $$<!" $"<== !$<>> $=<>= >?<=! >A<>" >=<?=
$"C B?<=A $A<BB ;=<A: ;A<$! B"<;> ?!<$; $!<?= !=<": $A<;=
$;C :?<"? A=<B! >"B<=B =$<"> ?"<:$ >>;<$A ?;<!? AA<A! :B<"=
B"C >;B<;$ >!=<;B >:"<"$ >A"<;" >!?<!: >=B<!= >B!<;B >$B<"A >;><!B
B;C !B!<>! !>=<B? !A;<A" !;:<:! !!;<"> !=B<"$ !"B<B$ !"A<:= !"><:=
;"C $=B<?: B>"<:: $?:<>? $=?<AA $=?<$= $=?<=B $:?<B$ BBB<=> $!?<$:
;;C ;BB<!? A>:<": BA=<== ;$!<=> ;="<B: B?;<== ;?><BB A:!<"? B;;<>:
A"C ?":<AB :;!<"B ;AB<?? A?A<!> :"$<>! ;;><:? ??:<A= =;$<:B ;=$<?!
A;C ="A<?: >>$:<!? A:"<A: =>"<?! >>!=<?" ?"!<:! :=:<=! >>;B<AB A$B<AA
?"C >!B;<BA >;:$<>$ =$;<"= >!AB<$> >;?:<$! =:"<AA >!""<>$ >;=B<$B :!!<B"
?;C >;>><>$ >=A;<?$ >>"?<!" >;AB<BA !">=<=! >>;;<:? >$?!<A$ >:!!<$: =:!<:"
:"C >A$;<!; !>?:<>? >!"B<$A >?B;<"! !$>><": >!:B<?: >$;?<;B >:!;<$B >"":<B>
:;D#$=?E;" !"":<A> >">"<?; >;$><": !>=!<?B >>"><AB >"B=<"" >;""<!$ ?:><:"
!!全国肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤年龄别发病率
恶性肿瘤发病率在 "$= 岁处于较低水平B"
以后开始快速升高:"C岁年龄组达到高峰城乡恶
肿瘤年龄发病率变化趋势相似但农村地区男性发病
率于 ?;C岁年龄组达到最高:" 岁以后有所下降
城市地区男女性均于 :"C岁年龄组达到最高水平
女性年龄别发病率城乡比较显示城市男性
发病率于 $= 岁以前总体高于农村B"C?= 岁年龄段农
村高于城市:" 岁以后城市高于农村女性除 A"C岁组
以外其他年龄组均城市高于农村9-0,’ B7F&*(’ #
"#$%& ’ ()&-*+&,-.-, -/,-0&/,& 1. #%% ,#/,&2* 3456-789588:5;<= -/ ,#/,&2 2&)-*>2#>-1/ -/ !88; 37?78@=
A-)B2& 7 ()&-*+&,-.-, ,#/,&2 -/,-0&/,& -/ B2$#/ #/0 2B2#% #2&#* C88;
/(0-1 8-,’
/(0-1 G’8-,’
2*(-, 8-,’
2*(-, G’8-,’
@C ;C #@C #;C !@C !;C $@C $;C B@C B;C ;@C ;;C A@C A;C ?@C ?;C :@C :;D
%&’
#@@@
#@@@
#@@
#@
#
H1IFJ’1I’ (-4’K>L>";M
情监A
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
%&’ &()*+ %,, -(’-. /(0-1 2*(-,
3)45 6-,’ 7’8-,’ 3)45 6-,’ 7’8-,’ 3)45 6-,’ 7’8-,’
9)4-, #:;<=> !!><!" ?$=<:= ?:?<:@ !!$<>= ?$A<=B ?BB<:$ !!=<B$ ?!:<?>
"C ><:> ><!: =<>@ =<AA ><A: B<?" !<AB $<?B !<B$
?C =<$> =<=> =<?! =<@B =<:B =<>@ ><:" =<"? ><==
=C $<!A $<B> !<:" $<!B $<@! !<:A $<$$ $<A" !<@A
?"C $<== ><?@ !<:A $<A" ><:? !<A? $<": $<!: !<:@
?=C ><A> @<!@ $<=$ ><!= =<=> !<A? @<!? B<=: ><B!
!"C =<>? @<=! ><!> ><:@ =<A@ $<@: @<B> B<A" =<==
!=C B<?? B<B$ @<>B @<>> @<A! =<A> :<@! A<=@ B<@@
$"C ?$<:! ?=<:: ??<B! ?$<=> ?><A$ ?!<?$ ?><$! ?B<@" ?"<AB
$=C !A<B= $><?> !=<$" !:<"" $?<$= !><@? $$<!$ $A<@= !@<@:
>"C =A<:? B!<!A >B<"@ =$<=> @$<!= >$<@@ B!<>" A"<$A =$<A!
>=C AA<"B ?!><$= B!<:= A@<=$ ?!"<!> B?<:> ?"><:" ?$$<@: B=<?>
="C ?:B<:! !>!<@= ?$?<!: ?B@<"$ !!:<@$ ?!!<"@ !?B<:$ !B:<"" ?=><A=
==C !BB<"= $@@<"@ ?:B<>@ !="<"B $$"<B@ ?B"<$" $>?<=! >>B<:: !!A<B>
@"C >"$<=> =$!<:: !B$<BB $=B<!B >B$<@> !>$<!> ="$<>B @=@<?@ $>!<!$
@=C =:!<A! B:$<@$ $:@<:A =>:<:" B$!<?B $B><B$ @="<A" ::?<:A >?!<?:
B"C A"=<?" ??:!<B= @>A<A" :B?<=$ ???><>A @=!<"@ A:=<BA ?$>?<A! @>><=@
B=C ?!=!<>: ?@@!<:" ::B<:A ?!>:<"A ?@$!<B$ A"$<"> ?!@$<:A ?B>!<$@ :>A<?@
:"C ?=B@<BB !":B<$" ??B?<=: ?@!?<$: !??A<>! ?!?@<>= ?>@$<A? !""!<"@ ?"@!<!@
:=D#@$><$; !!AB<!= #!#><B> #B@:<=> !>B=<A; #$;A<>> #!:><;B #:;><;! AB@<#:
!"全国肿瘤登记地区恶
性肿瘤死亡率
!;;A
地区报告死亡病例 #=> $#;
!其中男性 A@ A!B !
=B $:$ "恶性肿瘤死
率为 #:;<=>E?; #
!!><!;E?; !女性 ?$=<:=E?;
$!:=<;@E?; !
标率为 ??=<@=E?; !
#;CB> $?!<A>F%
市地区死亡率为 ?:?<:@E?; &!!$<>=E?; !
?$A<=BE?; $! :;<:@E?; !
??;<=BE?; !积率&;CB> $?!<?!F%农村
地区死亡率为 ?BB<:$E?; &!!=<B$E?; !
?!:<?>E?; $! 中标率为 A><>;E?; !世标率为
?!@<B$E?; !累积率&;CB> $?><B:F%城市与农
村相比!城市地区男性死亡率低于农村!而女性则
是城市高于农村!世标率和累积率均为
农村高于城市&9-0,’ =$"
!#全国肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率
全国肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率在
>= 以前于较!>= 岁后开始快速升高!
国合计和城市地区 := 岁以上年龄组死亡率达到最
!而农村地区 :;C岁年龄组死亡率最高"男性年龄
别死亡率在 >=C岁年龄组开始有较大幅度升高!女性
=; 岁开始有较大幅度升高!城乡趋势基本相似"
女性恶性肿瘤年龄别死亡率城乡比较!
!数年组上地区农村"
性除 ;C> :;C岁年龄组外!城市地区死亡率均
小于农村地区!女性年龄别死亡率城市地区与农村
地区比较接近!呈交替上升趋势!B;C岁年龄组
!城市地区高于农村地区&9-0,’ @7G&*(’ !$"
$%&’( ) *%+,(- ./-0%’102 1+ ,%+,(- -(3140-%01/+ 1+ !556
%(’- H’1I’( J’-45. 6)(4-,G4K
L?E?"=M
%N2 O5G1-
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%,, -(’-. 3)45 ?=>$?" ?:"<=> :=<"@
6-,’ A@A!B !!><!" ??"<:A
7’8-,’ =B$:$ ?$=<:= @"<=$
/(0-1 3)45 ?">==? ?:?<:@ :"<:@
6-,’ @>B@: !!$<>= ?"><=B
7’8-,’ $AB:$ ?$A<=B =:<@?
2*(-, 3)45 >AB=A ?BB<:$ A><>"
6-,’ $!?=A !!=<B$ ?!><@"
7’8-,’ ?B@"" ?!:<?> @><A$
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$%&’( 7 83(-49(,1:1, ./-0%’102 /: %’’ ,%+,(-4;<*=->5?*55@*5AB 1+ ,%+,(- -(3140-%01/+ 1+ !556 ;>C>5)D
癌情监测
B
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
2.5 主要癌症
!%&%# 全国前 #’ 位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡
全国肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤发病第 (位的是肺
!其次为胃癌"直肠"肝癌和食管癌!()
肿瘤占全部发病的 *+,$-.#男性发病第 (为肺
!其次为胃癌""结直肠癌和食管癌!男性前
() 位恶性肿瘤占全部发病的 /0%#0.$女性发病#
位的为乳腺癌!其次为肺癌%结直肠"胃癌和肝癌!
性前 #) 位恶性肿瘤占全部发病的 **%&*.&12345 *’#
全国肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡第 (位的是肺
!其次为肝癌%%食管癌和结直肠癌!()
恶性肿瘤占全部死亡的 /0,!*.#男性死亡第 (
肺癌!其次为肝癌%胃癌%食管癌和结直肠癌!男性前
() 位恶性肿瘤占全部死亡的 //,$$.$女性死亡(
位恶性肿瘤为肺癌!其次为胃癌%%结直肠癌和
乳腺癌!女性前 () 位恶性肿瘤占全部死亡的
/(,(!.&12345 /’#
!&,! 城市地区前 () 位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡
城市地区恶性肿瘤发病第 (位的是肺癌!
为结直肠癌%胃癌%肝癌和乳腺癌!() 位恶性肿瘤
占全部发病的 *$,-$.#男性恶性肿瘤发病第 (
是肺癌!其次为胃癌%肝癌%结直肠癌和食管癌!
() 位恶性肿瘤占全部发病的 /!,!+.$恶性
肿瘤发病第 (位的是乳腺癌!其次为肺癌%直肠
%胃癌和肝癌!女性前 () 位恶性肿瘤占全部发病
*&,-$.&12345 -’#
城市肿瘤登记地区男女合计和男性恶性肿瘤死
(位均为肺癌!其后依次为肝癌%%结直肠
癌和食管癌!() 位 恶 性 肿 瘤 占 全 部 死 亡 的
/!,$/. #男 性 前 () 位恶性肿瘤占全部死亡的
/+,/+.$女性恶性肿瘤死亡第 (位的为肺癌!
为结直肠癌%%肝癌和乳腺癌!性前 () 位恶性
肿瘤死亡占全部死亡的 *-,-*.&12345 ()’#
!&$农村地区前 () 位恶性肿瘤发病与死亡
农村肿瘤登记地区发病前 &恶性肿瘤无论
女依次均为胃癌%肺癌%食管%肝癌和结直肠癌#
村合计的前 () 性肿/0,*$.#
男性发病前 &位为胃癌%%食管%肝癌和结直
肠癌!性前 () 恶性瘤占部发-),!&.$
女性发病前 &为胃%%%乳腺癌和肝
!() 位恶性肿瘤占全部发病的 /!,*(.&12345 ((’#
农村肿瘤登记地区恶性肿瘤死亡第 (位的是肺
!其次为胃癌%%食管癌和结直肠!()
恶性肿瘤占全部死亡的 //,*+.#男性恶性肿瘤死亡
(位的是肺癌!其次为胃癌%%食管癌和结直
!男性前 () 位恶性肿瘤占全部死亡的 -!,().$
女性恶性肿瘤死亡第 (位的是肺癌!其次为胃癌%
%和结!女性前 () 位恶性肿瘤占
Figure 2 Age-specific cancer mortality in urban and rural areas 2009
67328 9245
67328 :59245
;<724 9245
;<724 :59245
"= &= ("= (&= !"= !&= $"= $&= 0"= 0&= &"= &&= +"= +&= *"= *&= /"= /&>
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中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
Table 8 Top 10 mortality in cancer registration in 2009
%&’(
)*+, -&./ 0/1&./
23+/ -*4+&.3+5
678#9:;<=2% >,3’&
67879:;23+/ -*4+&.3+5
67879:;<=2% >,3’&
67879:;23+/ -*4+&.3+5
67879:;<=2% >,3’&
67879:;
7 .?’@ A:B:C !:B!A !9BD7 E?’@ D7B99 !CB!7 !FB#: E?’@ !FBCC !#BF# #!B:G
! E3H/4 !DB9A #ABA! #$B9D E3H/4 $CBFD #DBF$ #FBF# 2+*1&I, #DBF# #!BA: CB#F
$ 2+*1&I, !:BGG #AB$$ ##BGD 2+*1&I, $ABDA #:BA: #DBCF E3H/4 #$BGA #9B#F DB!G
A JK*L,&@?K 7DBCC FB!F CBC: JK*L,&@?K !$B!F 7"B$F 77BA! >*.*4/I+?1 7!BDF FB$A :B"F
: >*.*4/I+?1 7AB!$ CBGG DB7: >*.*4/I+?1 7:BC$ CB"! CB!G )4/&K+ 7"B!A CB:A ABFA
D M&’I4/&K DBD7 $BDD !BFG M&’I4/&K CBA: $B$! $B:F JK*L,&@?K 7"B77 CBAA AB!!
C )4/&K+ :B7$ !BGA !B:! E51L,*1& :B"" !B!$ $BA$ M&’I4/&K :BC: AB!$ !BA7
G E/?(/13& AB!G !B$C !BGG E/?(/13& AB:F !B": !B$C N&..O.&PP/4 $BCF !BCF 7B:9
F )4&3’ $BGC !B7: !B!F M4*K+&+/ AB7F 7BGC 7B:G )4&3’ $B:: !BD7 7BFF
79 E51L,*1& $BC: !B9G 7BGD )4&3’ AB7F 7BGC :B:F E/?(/13& $B:: !BD7 !B$A
Q*L 79 7:!B7A GAB!C C7BFD Q*L 79 7FGB9A GGB$$ FGB77 Q*L 79 779B!9 G7B7! AGB::
Table 7 Top 10 cancer incidence in cancer registration in 2009
%&’(
)*+, -&./ 0/1&./
23+/ R’I3P/’I/
67879:;<=2% >,3’&
67879:;23+/ R’I3P/’I/
67879:;<=2% >,3’&
67879:;23+/ R’I3P/’I/
67879:;<=2% >,3’&
67879:;
7 E?’@ :$B:C 7GBCA !:B$A E?’@ C9BA9 !!B7A $ABC: )4/&K+ A!B:: 7DBG7 !$B7D
! 2+*1&I, $DB!7 7!BDC 7CBG: 2+*1&I, AFBD7 7:BD9 !:B$C E?’@ $DB$A 7AB$D 7DBA7
$ >*.*4/I+?1 !FBAA 79B$9 7AB!7 E3H/4 A7BFF 7$B!7 !!BAF >*.*4/I+?1 !DBA! 79BAA 7!B!F
A E3H/4 !GBC7 79B9A 7ABCG >*.*4/I+?1 $!B$G 79B7G 7DB!$ 2+*1&I, !!B:9 GBGF 79BD!
: JK*L,&@?K !!B7A CBCA 79BGG JK*L,&@?K $9BAA FB:C 7:BD! E3H/4 7:B77 :BFC CB77
D )4/&K+ !7B!7 CBA! 77BDA M4*K+&+/ FBF! $B7! AB$A JK*L,&@?K 7$BDA :B$F DB!C
C M&’I4/&K CB!G !B:: $B$: ).&PP/4 FBCG $B9G ABC9 >/4H3S 7!BFD :B7! CBA!
G E51L,*1& DBDG !B$A $BC: M&’I4/&K GB!A !B:F AB97 Q,54*3P 79B9F $BFF DB:9
F ).&PP/4 DBD7 !B$7 $B9$ E51L,*1& CBC7 !BA! ABAD T+/4?K GBCC $BAD ABDF
79 Q,54*3P DB:D !B!F AB!7 U3P’/5 CB9C !B!! $BG! VH&45 CBF: $B#A AB:A
Q*L #9 !#GBA9 CDB$F #9FB9: Q*L #9 !DCB:: GAB#A #$:BG# Q*L #9 #FDB$! CCB:C FFB9#
癌情监测
F
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
Table 9 Top 10 cancer incidence in urban areas in 2009
%&’(
)*+, -&./ 0/1&./
23+/ 4’536/’5/
789#:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ 4’536/’5/
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ 4’536/’5/
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<
8 @A’B ;CDC8 8ED$C !FDGF @A’B HHD#G !$D$F $FD$! )I/&J+ ;8DE8 8CDC" !HD$!
! ?*.*I/5+A1 $;DHC 88DHE 8FD;8 2+*1&5, G"DE$ 8!DG" 8EDE8 @A’B G"D8H 8GD;; 8HD!!
$ 2+*1&5, $"D!" EDE; 8GD8; @3K/I $EDG! 88DEG !"D$! ?*.*I/5+A1 $!D8; 88DFG 8GD!E
G @3K/I !FDF$ CDHC 8$D8$ ?*.*I/5+A1 $ED$; 88DE! 8CDCE 2+*1&5, 8ED!C FDEC CDFE
; )I/&J+ !;DEG CD;; 8$DHE LJ*M,&BAJ !8D!G FDG$ 8"DGF @3K/I 8$DF! GDE$ FD";
F LJ*M,&BAJ 8GD!8 GDFC FDF; NI*J+&+/ 8$D$8 GD:$ ;D;H ?/IK3O 8$D$; GDC$ HD;C
H P,QI*36 CD!; !DH! ;D!8 ).&66/I 8!D:: $DF$ ;D;8 P,QI*36 8!D;H GD;; HDEH
C @Q1M,*1& CD!8 !DH: GDGH R36’/Q EDGH !DCH GDEG S+/IAJ EDC$ $D;F ;D:E
E N&’5I/&J CD8E !DH: $D;E @Q1M,*1& ED$E !DCG ;D$8 TK&IQ ED$H $D$E ;D8;
8: ).&66/I CD88 !DFH $D;; N&’5I/&J ED$F !DC$ GD$$ )I&3’ HDGG !DFE GD;$
P*M 8: !!GD$8 H$DE$ 8:HD;: P*M 8: !H8DF8 C!D!F 8$8D;C P*M 8: !:EDFC H;DE$ 8:$DE:
Table 10 Top 10 cancer mortality in urban areas in 2009
%&’(
)*+, -&./ 0/1&./
23+/ -*I+&.3+Q
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ -*I+&.3+Q
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ -*I+&.3+Q
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<
8 @A’B ;:D$! !HDFH !8DGE @A’B FHD88 $:D:$ $:D$E @A’B $$D!G !$DC8 8$D!:
! @3K/I !GD8; 8$D!C 88D;8 @3K/I $;DG$ 8;DC; 8HDHF ?*.*I/5+A1 8;D!! 8:DE: ;DH;
$ 2+*1&5, !8D8; 88DF$ ED:H 2+*1&5, !HDCH 8!DGH 8!DFF 2+*1&5, 8GD$8 8:D!F ;DHG
G ?*.*I/5+A1 8HD:E EDG: FDEC ?*.*I/5+A1 8CDEG CDGC CD$8 @3K/I 8!DFE ED:E ;D$E
; LJ*M,&BAJ 8:D;E ;DC! GDF; LJ*M,&BAJ 8;DC: HD:H HD$E )I/&J+ 88DEG CD;; ;DG8
F N&’5I/&J HDG! GD:C $D8E N&’5I/&J CDG$ $DHH $DCH N&’5I/&J FDG: GD;C !D;G
H )I/&J+ ;DEE $D!E !DHC @/A(/13& ;D$$ !D$E $DG; LJ*M,&BAJ ;D$: $DC: !D:G
C @/A(/13& GD;F !D;: !DE8 @Q1M,*1& ;D$! !D$C !DF! U&..V.&66/I GD;H $D!C #DH#
E @Q1M,*1& GD$H !DG: !D:; NI*J+&+/ ;D$: !D$H #DCF TK&IQ GD#E $D:: #DEH
#: U&..V.&66/I GD#C !D$: #DFC ).&66/I GD;F !D:G #DH! @/A(/13& $DHF !DH: !D$C
P*M #: #GEDC! C!D$C FFD$: P*M #: #EGD#: CFDCF E:D:! P*M #: ###DF! HEDEH GFD#!
情监#:
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
Table 11 Top 10 cancer incidence in rural areas in 2009
%&’(
)*+, -&./ 0/1&./
23+/ 4’536/’5/
789#:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ 4’536/’5/
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ 4’536/’5/
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<
8 2+*1&5, @AB;C 8DB@$ !EB$8 2+*1&5, ECB!C !!BD; $CB;E 2+*1&5, !DB8C 8@B!8 8;B8!
! FG’H @!BA: #CB#! !!BED FG’H ;EBEA #DB$@ $#B:A FG’H !AB$D #$BA$ #@B@D
$ IJ*K,&HGJ $AB@@ 8;B$A !"B;C IJ*K,&HGJ @DB8A 8EBCA !CB!! IJ*K,&HGJ !CB$8 8$B$8 8$BDC
@ F3L/M $!BDA 8$B8D 8AB;! F3L/M @CB!@ 8EB8! !CB$$ )M/&J+ !$B8! 88B!C 8$BED
; ?*.*M/5+G1 8EB@" EB;E ABAD ?*.*M/5+G1 8AB!" EB!8 8"B8C F3L/M 8AB8D ABAE DB;C
E )M/&J+ 88B;8 @BE" EBA@ N&’5M/&J ;BDC !B:@ $B!E ?*.*M/5+G1 8@B;$ CB:A CBE$
C ?/ML3O ;BDE !B$A $B;@ )M&3’ ;BEE 8BD$ $BD: ?/ML3O 8!B8@ ;BD! CB8A
A )M&3’ ;B@D !B!: $BEC ).&66/M ;B!D 8BA: !BAE P+/MGJ EB;; $B8D $BCC
D N&’5M/&J ;B@8 !B8E !BA8 F/G(/13& @BCC 8BE$ @B:: )M&3’ ;B$! !B;D $B@$
8: F/G(/13& @B!; 8BC: $B@8 FQ1K,*1& @B!A 8B@E !BEC RL&MQ ;B:! !B@; $B8;
S*K 8: !88BA8 A@BC$ 88CB!; S*K 8: !E@B;$ D:B!; 8;:B:@ S*K 8: 8EDBCE A!BC8 D!B:8
%&’(
)*+, -&./ 0/1&./
23+/ -*M+&.3+Q
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ -*M+&.3+Q
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<23+/ -*M+&.3+Q
7898:;<=>2% ?,3’&
7898:;<
8 FG’H $;BA8 !:B8@ 8AB@D FG’H @AB;A !8B;! !EB8E FG’H !!B;E 8CBE8 88B:D
! 2+*1&5, $;BE: !:B:! 8AB!; 2+*1&5, @AB@8 !8B@; !EB:C 2+*1&5, !!B$8 8CB@8 8:BE$
$ F3L/M !DBD8 8EBA! 8EB;@ F3L/M @$B88 8DB8: !@BE; IJ*K,&HGJ !:B:D 8;BEA DB$D
@ IJ*K,&HGJ !DB@C 8EB;C 8@BD8 IJ*K,&HGJ $AB;8 8CB:E !:B;C F3L/M 8EB!$ 8!BEE AB$@
; ?*.*M/5+G1 AB$@ @BED @B8C ?*.*M/5+G1 DB!: @B:C @BAA ?*.*M/5+G1 CB@E ;BA! $B;:
E N&’5M/&J @BD@ !BCA !B;8 N&’5M/&J ;B@; !B@8 !BD$ )M/&J+ EBC8 ;B!@ $BA:
C )M&3’ @B8D !B$E !BE! )M&3’ @BC@ !B8: $B:! N&’5M/&J @B@8 $B@@ !B8:
A F/G(/13& $BC! !B:D !BA! F/G(/13& @B$! 8BD8 $B$; )M&3’ $BE$ !BA$ !B!$
D )M/&J+ $B$E 8BAD 8BD! FQ1K,*1& $B8: 8B$C 8BA: ?/ML3O $B@! !BEC 8BAA
8: FQ1K,*1& !B@A 8B@: 8B@: ).&66/M !B@D 8B8: 8B!8 P+/MGJ $B!$ !B;! 8BC$
S*K 8: 8;CBA@ AABCE A$BE; S*K 8: !:CBD: D!B8: 88@BE@ S*K 8: 88:B:; A;BAD ;@BED
Table 12 Top 10 cancer mortality in rural areas in 2009
癌情监测
88
中国肿瘤 !"#$ !! 卷第 #C h ina C ancer,2013,V ol22,N o.
部死亡的 %&’%()*+,-. /!)。
$讨 论
!""( 年是卫生部肿瘤随访登记项目完成的第
一年在中央财政的经费支持下在原有肿瘤登记基
础上新建立了 &! 个肿瘤登记处!"/! 际肿
登记项目点已增加到 !!! 覆盖全国人口超过 !
亿人基本达到广覆盖的初级目标照全国肿
中心!"/! 年应上报 !""( 年数据的登
记处为 (& 截至 !"/! 0共收到 /"1
记处上报的数据较以往有了大幅度的增加
为保证数据的真实可靠全国肿瘤登记中心对
数据进行了严格审核根据项目方案的要求登记
地区发病率死亡率以及人口结构参照相同地区的
实际水平进行合理性评估同时按照全国的数据标
对病理诊断比例仅有死亡医学证明书比例
亡发病比率不明诊断及原发部位不明病例的比例
等指标进行综合评价2! 个登记处的数据被采纳作
为全国数据收入年度报告
结果显示!3"( 年全国登记地区恶性肿瘤发病
率和死亡率与 !""% 年水平基本持平&虽然登记覆
盖地区有很大差别但数据符合肿瘤发病死亡的特
说明目前我国肿瘤登记数据具有可靠性可以反
映我国整体的肿瘤负担水平具有全国的代表性
分层后不同人群不同地区以及区域的代表性还需
要进一步评价
我国城乡不同地区肿瘤负担差异明显恶性肿
瘤发病率城市高于农村而死亡率则是农村高
瘤构成也显示出不同的特点农村地区医疗资源缺
诊治水平偏低民健识不导致病期偏
预后不良上消化系统肿瘤依然是我国农村居民
主要的恶性肿瘤死亡原因乳腺癌
肠癌等也呈逐年增高趋势城市地区呈现发达国家
的癌谱乳腺癌结直肠癌等恶性肿瘤呈不断
上升趋势还应注意的是女性甲状腺癌上升趋势明
因此我国肿瘤防治工作需有不同的侧重
不同地区分别制定有效可行的策略有的放矢实施
肿瘤防控
目前卫生部正在制定二五期间慢性病防
行动计划下一步的工作重点是针对威胁居民健康
的主要肿瘤开展三级预防工作村地区通过基
技术培训逐步提高医疗诊治能力过宣传普及肿
瘤防治知识通过主要癌症早诊早治工作别是
消化道肿瘤和宫颈癌提高早期病变的检出比例
地区展高人群为干
导健康生活方式并对高危人群开展癌症筛查
达到控制肿瘤的终极目标
致谢全国肿瘤登记中心对各登记处的全体工
作人员在登记资料收集审核 补漏
立数据库等方面所做的努力表示诚挚的谢意! )
参考文献
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陈万青’ !3// 中国肿瘤登记年报4G5’
事医学科学出版社!3/!’ 5
情监/!
... In 2013, there were approximately 3.682 million new cases of malignant tumors nationwide, and 2.229 million deaths (1). The morbidity rate of malignant tumors is 190.17/100,000 and the mortality rate is 109.95/100,000 in the Chinese population (1), indicating malignant tumors are a great threat to human health and society. ...
... The incidence of malignant tumors is predominantly concentrated among individuals aged over 45 years. Lung cancer ranks as the most common cancer among males and the second most among women (1). Lung cancer is also the leading cause of death in both males and females (1). ...
... Lung cancer ranks as the most common cancer among males and the second most among women (1). Lung cancer is also the leading cause of death in both males and females (1). Between 2007 and 2013, lung cancer has also been the leading cause of both morbidity and mortality in China (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). ...
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Background The prevalence of lung cancer, a major type of malignant tumor, has been increasing over the years greatly impacting the health of Chinese residents. This study investigates the epidemiological characteristics of lung cancer among healthcare workers in the Hunan Province, as well as the occupational risk factors. Methods The data analyzed in this study was collected from the largest tumor hospital in the province: the Hunan Provincial Tumor Hospital affiliated with Central South University, School of Medicine. The data collected encompasses input collected between the years of 2004 to 2013 of the population of healthcare workers who were hospitalized for lung cancer treatments. Information was obtained through statistical analysis and telephonic interviews. Results The prevalence of lung cancer among healthcare workers was much higher than that of the general population, as revealed by the difference between number of healthcare worker cases per 1,000 cases and number of healthcare workers per 1,000 population in the decade from 2004 to 2013. Analysis of the data further demonstrates that lung cancer prevalence among healthcare workers increases exponentially with age. Although smoking has been shown to increase the incidence of lung cancer to some extent, it is most likely not the main cause of lung cancer. In addition, it appears that the highest rates of lung cancer incidence occurs in mainly in primary general practitioners, medical radiologists, and nurses. The lack of awareness of personal safety measures may place healthcare workers at a greater risk of lung cancer.
... 1 In China, it is the second in incidence and fourth in mortality based on the latest national cancer statistical data issued by the Chinese National Cancer Center in February 2022. 2 Additionally, up to 50% of CRC patients have distant metastases when diagnosed. 3 Available evidence supports that survival of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) has increased in progress with chemotherapy and targeted medicine. ...
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Background Continuation of bevacizumab plus second‐line chemotherapy has significantly improved overall and progression‐free survival in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). However, the cost‐effectiveness of such high cost therapy is still uncertain in China; so this analysis was performed to evaluate the cost‐effectiveness of these treatment options from the Chinese health care system perspective. Methods A cost‐effectiveness analysis was conducted using data from the ML18147 trial ( ClinicalTrials.gov identifier NCT00700102) by modeling a partitioned survival model. Main evaluation indicators were quality‐adjusted life years (QALYs) and incremental cost‐effectiveness ratio (ICER) with a willingness to pay (WTP) threshold of $38,201 per QALY. One‐way and probabilistic sensitivity analyses were conducted to assess the robustness and stability of the model. Subgroup and scenario analyses were also performed to make our study more relevant. Results Bevacizumab plus chemotherapy increased 0.12 QALYs and an incremental cost of $22,761.62 compared with chemotherapy, resulting in an ICER of $188,904.09 per QALY. The model was most sensitive to the utility of progression‐free survival and the cost of bevacizumab. Compared with chemotherapy, bevacizumab plus chemotherapy had a 0% cost‐effectiveness probability, and no cost‐effectiveness in subgroups at the WTP threshold of $38,201 per QALY. The scenario analysis found that bevacizumab biosimilar gained an ICER of $126,397.38 per QALY when assuming the cost of drugs was calculated at the most affordable price. Conclusions At the WTP threshold of $38,201 per QALY, continuation of bevacizumab plus chemotherapy is unlikely considered cost‐effective for patients after first progression of mCRC.
... Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in the world and the fifth most common cancer in China. 1,2 Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (nCRT) is the standard treatment modality for Stage II/III rectal cancer. 3 In patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC), (total) neoadjuvant therapy is preferred if the circumferential resection margin (CRM) is negative and highly recommended if positive. ...
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Background and objectives: Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (nCT) appears in a few clinical studies as an alternative to neoadjuvant chemoradiation (nCRT) in selected patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC). We aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of nCT with or without nCRT in patients with LARC and to identify patients who may be suitable for nCT alone. Materials and methods: A total of 155 patients with LARC who received neoadjuvant treatment (NT) were retrospectively analysed from January 2016 to June 2021. The patients were divided into two groups: nCRT (n = 101) and nCT (n = 54). More patients with locally advanced disease (cT4, cN+ and magnetic resonance imaging-detected mesorectal fascia [mrMRF] positive [+]) were found in the nCRT group. Patients in the nCRT group received a dose of 50 Gy/25 Fx irradiation with concurrent capecitabine, and the median number of nCT cycles was two. In the nCT group, the median number of cycles was four. Results: The median follow-up duration was 30 months. The pathologic complete response (pCR) rate in the nCRT group was significantly higher than that in the nCT group (17.5% vs. 5.6%, p = 0.047). A significant difference was observed in the locoregional recurrence rate (LRR); 6.9% in the nCRT group and 16.7% in the nCT group (p = 0.011). Among patients with initial mrMRF (+) status, the LRR in the nCRT group was significantly lower than that in the nCT group (6.1% vs. 20%, p = 0.007), but not in patients with initial mrMRF negative (-) (10.5% in each group, p = 0.647). Compared with the nCT group, a lower LRR was observed in patients in the nCRT group with initial mrMRF (+) converted to mrMRF (-) after NT (5.3% vs. 23%, p = 0.009). No significant difference was observed between the two groups regarding acute toxicity and overall and progression-free survivals. Multivariate analysis showed that nCRT and ypN stage were independent prognostic factors for the development of LRR. Conclusion: Patients with initial mrMRF (-) may be suitable for nCT alone. However, patients with initial mrMRF (+) converted to mrMRF (-) after nCT are still at high risk of LRR, and radiotherapy is recommended. Prospective studies are required to confirm these findings.
... According to the latest National Cancer Center of China data, lung cancer is the most frequent tumor in China with a high incidence and fatality rate. 1 Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) was one of the most dangerous subtypes of lung cancer, accounting for about 15%-20% of all cases. 2 Tobacco use was strongly connected to the development of SCLC, and there is evidence that the mutational nature of SCLC has a distinct smoking profile. 3 Almost all patients have a smoking history, and only 2% of SCLC patients do not smoke. ...
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Background: As one of the most aggressive neuroendocrine tumors, small cell lung cancer (SCLC) has the most disappointing prognosis of all lung cancers. Although SCLC responds well to initial chemotherapy, the majority of patients experience disease recurrence within one year, and patient survival is poor. It is still necessary to explore the application of ICIs in SCLC since the beginning of the road to immunotherapy, which broke the 30-year treatment deadlock of SCLC. Methods: We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase with search terms such as "SCLC", "ES-SCLC", "ICIs", and "ICBs", and categorized and summarized the relevant literature obtained, and we compiled the latest progress about the application of ICIs in SCLC. Results: We listed 14 clinical trials on ICIs, including 8 clinical trials on first-line SCLC treatment, 2 clinical trials on second-line SCLC treatment, 3 clinical trials on third-line SCLC treatment, and 1 clinical trial on SCLC maintenance treatment. Conclusion: ICIs in combination with chemotherapy can improve OS in SCLC patients, but the extent to which SCLC patients can benefit from ICIs is limited, and ICIs' combination treatment strategies still need to be continuously explored.
... As one of the most aggressive malignancies, esophageal carcinoma accounts for 3.1% and 5.4% of global new cases and cancer deaths, ranking seventh in terms of incidence and sixth in mortality in 2020 respectively (1,2). Esophageal carcinoma which is characterized by geographic tendency presents a relatively high incidence rate in eastern Asia and eastern and southern Africa (3)(4)(5)(6). Although the application of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and immunotherapy has improved survival to some extent, the general outcome remains comparatively poor in terms of overall 5-year survival rates (7,8). ...
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Background: Postoperative pneumothorax can lead to additional invasive intervention and extended hospitalization. The effect of initiative pulmonary bullectomy (IPB) during the esophagectomy on preventing postoperative pneumothorax remains controversial. This study evaluated the efficacy and safety of IPB in patients who underwent minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) for esophageal carcinoma complicated by ipsilateral pulmonary bullae. Methods: Data from 654 consecutive patients with esophageal carcinoma who underwent MIE from January 2013 to May 2020 were retrospectively collected. A total of 109 patients who had a definite diagnosis of ipsilateral pulmonary bullae were recruited and classified into two groups: the IPB group and the control group (CG). Propensity score matching (PSM, match ratio =1:1), incorporating preoperative clinical features, was used to compare the perioperative complications and analyze efficacy and safety between IPB and control group. Results: The incidences of postoperative pneumothorax in the IPB and control groups was 3.13% and 40.63% respectively, with a significant difference (P<0.001). Logistic analyses indicated that removing ipsilateral bullae was associated with a lower risk (OR 0.030; 95% CI: 0.003-0.338; P=0.005) of incident postoperative pneumothorax. No significant difference was found between the two groups in terms of the incidence of anastomotic leakage (6.25% vs. 3.13%, P=1.000), arrhythmia (3.13% vs. 3.13%, P=1.000), chylothorax (0% vs. 3.13%, P=1.000) and other common complications. Conclusions: In esophageal cancer patients with ipsilateral pulmonary bullae, IPB performed in the same anesthesia process is an effective and safe method for the prevention of postoperative pneumothorax, allowing for a shorter postoperative rehabilitation time, and it does not exert unfavorable effects on complications.
... Breast cancer is the most common newly diagnosed cancer and ranks in the top five leading causes of cancer-related death in Chinese women. 1,2 Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), which is negative for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR) and without human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) overexpression, accounts for 10-20% of all types of breast cancer. 3 In comparison with other subtypes of breast cancer, TNBC has the highest mortality and is the most difficult to treat with systemic therapy. ...
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Purpose Owing to the lack of effective biomarkers, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has the worst prognosis among all subtypes of breast cancer. Meanwhile, tremendous progress has been made to identify biomarkers for TNBC. However, limited number of biomarkers still restrain the specifically targeting outcomes against TNBC. Here, to solve the obstacle, we designed and synthesized a new type of biocompatible nanoparticles to amplify the targeting effects for TNBC theranostics. Methods To identify the biomarker of TNBC, the expression of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM1) was assessed by real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot among all subtypes of breast cancer and normal breast epithelium. Then, vesicular nanoparticles based on poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(ε-caprolactone) copolymers were prepared by the double emulsion method and modified with anti-ICAM1 antibodies through click chemistry to conjugate with related antigens on TNBC cell membranes and then loaded with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agent gadolinium and chemotherapeutic drug doxorubicin. The targeting capability, diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy of this nanoparticle were validated through cell-based and tumor model-based experiments. Results ICAM1 was expressed significantly higher on TNBC than on other subtypes of breast cancer and normal breast epithelium in both mRNA and protein level. Theranostic nanoparticle modified with anti-ICAM1 was proved to be able to specifically target to TNBC in vitro experiments. Such theranostic nanoparticle also displayed enhanced diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy by specifically targeting capability and extending circulation time in tumor models. The biocompatibility and biosafety of this nanoparticle was also confirmed in vitro and in vivo. Conclusion Overall, this new nanoparticle has been demonstrated with effective therapeutic outcomes against TNBC, providing a promising theranostic approach for MRI-guided therapy of TNBC.
... 29,31 In 2013, cancer incidence was lower in rural than urban areas (182·4 vs 189·9 per 100 000), but by 2015 it reversed (213·6 in rural vs 191·5 in urban, per 100 000). 32 Higher measured incidence might also be due to improvements in early detection and screening in rural areas. ...
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Unlabelled: Around the world, populations are ageing at a faster pace than in the past and this demographic transition will have impacts on all aspects of societies. In May 2020, the UN General Assembly declared 2021–2030 the Decade of Healthy Ageing, highlighting the importance for policymakers across the world to focus policy on improving the lives of older people, both today and in the future. While rapid population ageing poses challenges, China’s rapid economic growth over the last forty years has created space for policy to assist older persons and families in their efforts to improve health and well-being at older ages. As China is home to 1/5 of the world’s older people, China is often held up as an example for other middle-income countries. This Commission Report aims to help readers to understand the process of healthy ageing in China as a means of drawing lessons from the China experience. In addition, with the purpose of informing the ongoing policy dialogue within China, the Commission Report highlights the policy challenges on the horizon and draws lessons from international experience. The uniqueness of china’s ageing society: From a global perspective, China shares some of the economic and social challenges faced by other countries with rapidly ageing populations. China stands out, however, as it already has the world’s largest older population, and China’s ageing burdens will increase further as the ‘second baby boomers’ (those born between 1962 and 1975) start to enter retirement in 2022. In addition, China’s rapid demographic transition over the last four decades will lead to a dramatic decline in the number of living children for each older person in China and bring substantial challenges for both family-based care and social care. Compounding demographic changes, personnel planning in geriatric and rehabilitation medicine has not kept pace with the growth of the older age population, and there is a shortage of medical resources targeted at the ageing population. In Section 1, the report stresses the importance of achieving “healthy ageing” in light of socio-economic progress, urbanization and migration, and China’s demographic transition. Health complexity and inequalities among china’s older population: China completed its epidemiological transition from infectious diseases to non-communicable diseases (NCDs) during the past three decades. As in many other ageing countries, the upward trend in the incidence of NCDs and the presence of multimorbidity pose special challenges for China’s healthcare sector. Even as some older Chinese continue to suffer from such communicable diseases as hepatitis, tuberculosis, and sexually transmitted diseases, chronic conditions, such as cognitive impairments, mental disorders, and frailty, are becoming much more prominent. These chronic conditions are complex to treat and manage and are associated with more functional disability and greater care needs. Along with the emergence of NCDs, substantial gaps in health are apparent by gender, rural versus urban residence, ethnicity, and socio-economic status. Investments in healthy ageing, from promoting education in health literacy to improving access to health care, are promising means of improving the well-being of older adults and reducing the gaps in health across socioeconomic groups in China. Even as China’s population ages, investments in healthy ageing offer a path for older Chinese to play meaningful and productive social roles in society, while limiting burdens on their families. The latest facts on health status and health inequities among China’s older adults are presented in Section 2 of the report. Modifiable factors of healthy ageing: evidence from china.: Current evidence on the determinants of health and functioning status of China’s older population is summarized in Section 3. In China, as elsewhere, health at older ages results from the cumulative effects of behaviours and events that occur across the life cycle. These include exposures to unhealthy environments and parental decisions influencing in-utero and childhood health, later health behaviours as teenagers and adults (including decisions on educational investments, smoking, drinking, and physical activity), and decisions over food consumption which influence diet and nutritional status. Many of these decisions and behaviors are influenced by health literacy and socio-economic conditions, but they may also be influenced by policy (Section 5). Finally, Section 3 highlights the health benefits of social connections and participating in leisure activities such as square dancing and promoting age-friendly environments in China. Integrating medical and social care for chinese older people.: Older people require access to high-quality health services that include prevention, promotion, curative, rehabilitative, palliative and end-of-life care. An update on China’s policy initiatives regarding healthcare and social care relevant to the ageing population is provided in Section 4. In addition to achieving universal health insurance coverage, China has invested heavily in public health promotion and the consolidation of the primary healthcare system. Further, as the role of the family in providing care for older people is eroded by dwindling family size and changing living arrangements, especially with the outmigration of adult children, China is taking steps to build up institutional and community care infrastructure as both a substitute for, and complement to, family care. Furthermore, long-term care insurance (LTCI) has been piloted in many cities as a financing mechanism. China’s experience with the LTCI pilots suggests that it will be difficult to sustain LTCI under the current pay-as-you-go framework, and that there will be a considerable public financial risk as the population ages. Although China’s government has placed the integration of health care with long-term care (LTC) at the forefront of its policy agenda, the progress for the integration has been slow. Lessons learned from china and implications for the future.: An overview of the evidence presented earlier in the report is presented in Section 5, followed by policy recommendations for supporting healthy ageing in China. Policy recommendations outlined here can be generalized to other countries, especially low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). First, health promotion initiatives should focus on changing people’s behavior, especially smoking cessation, weight control, and health literacy education to reduce the incidence of NCDs and care burdens. Second, there is an urgent need to move away from disease-centred care to person-centred care and to increase the supply of health care workers, particularly in geriatric medicine, rehabilitation medicine, and hospice care. Third, innovative measures should be taken to remove obstacles to upgrading community and home environments and thus facilitate mobility and social engagement among older people. There are several other policy areas that should be addressed, given China’s unique institutional environment. These include regional segmentation of health insurance systems and the regulatory environment for healthcare delivery. Specifically, the report suggests that policy in China should focus on: (1) national integration of the health insurance system to eliminate the current segmentation across regions and occupations; (2) capping regionally segmented LTCI initiatives, and striving for a national scheme that is independently funded; (3) switching government subsidies in the aged care sector from subsidising providers to subsidising consumers to facilitate market competition and to help existing care facilities to meet safety regulations; (4) strengthing the capacity to regulate medical service providers, especially in screening for fraud against the national medical insurance schemes and reforming the healthcare delivery sector by lowering barriers to entry and facilitating choice. Older people are an important part of a family and an invaluable asset to society. Healthy ageing will not only enable older people to enjoy their later life to the fullest but has the potential to unleash the intellectual and vocational capacities of society as a whole. Recognizing that China’s older population will continue to grow, it is important to take their needs into account and prepare well in advance by creating an age-friendly environment for the ageing population. As China’s “second baby boomers” start to reach retirement age in 2022, it is imperative to take the window of opportunity afforded by China’s economic growth to make coordinated efforts across sectors to address the concerns of an ageing nation.
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Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate whether a multimodal radiomic model powered by machine learning (ML) can accurately predict the occurrence of metachronous liver metastases (MLM) in patients with colorectal cancer (CRC). Patients and methods A total of 157 consecutive patients with CRC between 2010 and 2020 were retrospectively included. Out of these patients, 67 experienced liver metastases within 2 years of treatment, while the remaining patients did not. Radiomic features were extracted from annotated MR images of the tumor and portal venous phase CT images of the liver for each patient. Following that, ML-based radiomic models were then developed and integrated with the clinical features for MLM prediction by employing LASSO and RF algorithms. The performance of the model was evaluated using the ROC curve, while the clinical utility was measured using the DCA curve. Results A total of 922 and 1216 radiomic features were extracted from the MRI and CT images of each patient, quantifying the intensity, shape, orientation, and texture of the tumor and liver, respectively. The mean area under the curves(AUCs) for predicting metachronous liver metastases were 0.80, 0.68, and 0.82 for the CT, MRI, and Merged models, respectively. For the Clinical and Clinical-Merged models, the AUCs were 0.64 and 0.72, respectively. There was no significant difference between the CT model and the Merged model (p < 0.05). Conclusion Our preliminary results demonstrate the utility of ML-based radiomic models in predicting MLM in patients with CRC. However, further investigation is required to explore the potential of multimodal fusion models, as they offered only minimal improvement in diagnostic performance.
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Adhesion-regulating molecule 1 (ADRM1) has been implicated in tumor development, yet its specific role in bladder cancer (BC) remains undefined. This study aimed to elucidate the function of ADRM1 in BC through a combination of bioinformatics analysis and immunohistochemical analysis (IHC). Utilizing R version 3.6.3 and relevant packages, we analyzed online database data. Validation was conducted through IHC data, approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee (Approval No. K20220830). In both paired and unpaired comparisons, ADRM1 expression was significantly elevated in BC tissues compared to adjacent tissues, as evidenced by the results of TCGA dataset and IHC data. Patients with high ADRM1 expression had statistically worse overall survival than those with low ADRM1 expression in TCGA dataset, GSE32548 dataset, GSE32894 dataset, and IHC data. Functional analysis unveiled enrichment in immune-related pathways, and a robust positive correlation emerged between ADRM1 expression and pivotal immune checkpoints, including CD274, PDCD1, and PDCD1LG2. In tumor microenvironment, samples with the high ADRM1 expression contained statistical higher proportion of CD8 + T cells and Macrophage infiltration. Meanwhile, these high ADRM1-expressing samples displayed elevated tumor mutation burden scores and stemness indices, implying potential benefits from immunotherapy. Patients with low ADRM1 expression were sensitive to cisplatin, docetaxel, vinblastine, mitomycin C, and methotrexate. According to the findings from bioinformatics and IHC analyses, ADRM1 demonstrates prognostic significance for BC patients and holds predictive potential for both immunotherapy and chemotherapy responses. This underscores its role as a biomarker and therapeutic target in BC.
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Background: In China, there are few studies that have reported future estimations for cancer mortality. Therefore, this study aimed to assess cancer mortality in China and identify priorities for future cancer control strategies. Methods: Based on the Global Burden of Disease 2019 study, we extracted data on cancer-related deaths from 1990 to 2019 in Hunan Province, China. Under the current trends evaluated using a joinpoint regression model, we fitted a linear regression model for cancer mortality projections by 2025. Results: The age-standardized mortality rate of total cancer in Hunan, China, declined slowly and is projected to be 140.80 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 140.12-141.48) by 2025, with the mortality rate in men approximately twice that in women. In 2025, the top five causes of cancer-related deaths in males are projected to be lung, liver, colorectal, stomach, and esophageal cancers, with the corresponding causes in females being lung, breast, colorectal, liver, and cervical cancers. Between 2019 and 2025, male mortality rates due to liver and pancreatic cancer are expected to increase, while those due to the six leading female cancers will increase. Excess male deaths were associated with liver and esophageal cancers, while all main cancers in females will have excess mortality, except for colorectal cancer. Conclusion: A comprehensive cancer spectrum characteristic of both developing and developed countries will remain in Hunan, China. Lung cancer remains the most common cause of cancer-related deaths, and tobacco control efforts are urgently required. Additional efforts should be made to promote universal screening, improve access to cancer healthcare services, optimize medical payment models, and enhance access to valuable anticancer drugs.
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