The butterfly fauna of the Italian Maritime Alps: Results of the EDIT project

Abstract

The Valdieri area (Italian Maritime Alps) has long been known for harbouring a large variety of Mediterranean and Alpine elements, often occurring together in an intricate pattern of co-habitations that is practically without equal elsewhere in the Alps. The area has been designated as a Site of Communitarian Interest (SCI: “Argentera” IT1110053), has been listed among the 32 “Prime Butterfly Areas” occurring in Italy and is now considered a priority site for conservation. A large number of amateur and professional entomologists alike have visited the area over the years, generating a mass of information on the Valdierian butterflies. We carefully searched the “grey” literature for data on the butterflies and the burnet moths occurring in this area. Since the second half of the 19th Century, almost 100 papers and books have been dedicated, in whole or in part, to the description of this fauna, which currently includes many as 161 species. We sampled butterflies in 2008–2009 and found one previously unreported species. Here we provide an annotated checklist of the butterfly and burnet moth species occurring in the area, including comments on their ecology and distribution, as well as a complete list of the publications dealing with them.

Full text

Published on 27March 2015
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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
© Publications scientiques du Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris. www.zoosystema.com
KEY WORDS
buttery fauna,
checklist,
biodiversity,
conservation,
Maritime Alps,
new record.
urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:50A2BE48-F689-4577-A91C-9ADE9E9AF56E
Bonelli S., Barbero F., Casacci L. P., Cerrato C.& Balletto E.2015.— The buttery fauna of the Italian Maritime Alps:
results of the EDIT project, in Daugeron C., Deharveng L., Isaia M., Villemant C. & Judson M. (eds), Mercantour/Alpi
Marittime All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory. Zoosystema 37(1): 139-167. http://dx.doi.org/10.5252/z2015n1a6
ABSTRACT
e Valdieri area (Italian Maritime Alps) has long been known for harbouring a large variety of Medi-
terranean and Alpine elements, often occurring together in an intricate pattern of co-habitations that
is practically without equal elsewhere in the Alps. e area has been designated as a Site of Commu-
nitarian Interest (SCI: “Argentera” IT1110053), has been listed among the 32 “Prime Buttery Areas”
occurring in Italy and is now considered a priority site for conservation. A large number of amateur and
professional entomologists alike have visited the area over the years, generating a mass of information
on the Valdierian butteries. We carefully searched the “grey” literature for data on the butteries and
the burnet moths occurring in this area. Since the second half of the 19th Century, almost 100papers
and books have been dedicated, in whole or in part, to the description of this fauna, which currently
includes many as 161species. We sampled butteries in 2008-2009 and found one previously unre-
ported species. Here we provide an annotated checklist of the buttery and burnet moth species oc-
curring in the area, including comments on their ecology and distribution, as well as a complete list
of the publications dealing with them.
RÉSUMÉ
Les papillons diurnes des Alpes maritimes italiennes : résultats du programme EDIT.
La zone de Valdieri (Alpes maritimes italiennes) est connue depuis longtemps pour sa richesse en éléments
méditerranéens et alpins, dont les zones de cohabitations sont souvent fortement intriquées comme nulle
part ailleurs dans les Alpes. C’est pourquoi cette zone a été désignée comme un Site d’Intérêt Com-
munautaire (SIC : «Argentera» IT1110053), et classée parmi les 32 «Zones d’Importance primordiale
Simona BONELLI
(Corresponding author)
Francesca BARBERO
Luca Pietro CASACCI
Cristiana CERRATO
Emilio BALLETTO
Department of Life Science and Systems Biology,
Turin University, Via Accademia Albertina 13 10123, Turin (Italy)
simona.bonelli@unito.it
francesca.barbero@unito.it
luca.casacci@unito.it
cri.entessa@virgilio.com
emilio.balletto@unito.it
The buttery fauna of the Italian Maritime Alps:
results of the EDIT project

140
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
pour les papillons» recensées en Italie ; cette zone est maintenant considérée un site prioritaire pour la
conservation de ces insectes. Un grand nombre d’entomologistes, amateurs aussi bien que profession-
nels, ont visité la région au l des années, générant une grande masse d’informations sur les papillons
diurnes. Nous avons fouillé attentivement la littérature «grise» contenant des données sur les papil-
lons diurnes et les zygènes qui volent dans ce domaine. À partir de la seconde moitié du
xix
e
siècle
presque 100arti cles et livres ont été consacrés, en partie ou en totalité, à la description de la faune de
papillons et de zygènes de la région de Valdieri, où au moins 161espèces sont actuellement connues.
En outre, nous avons échantillonné la faune de papillons en 2008-2009 et avons trouvé une espèce
non observée par les auteurs précédents. Ici, nous fournissons une liste annotée des espèces de papil-
lons et de zygènes présentes dans la zone, accompagnée par des commentaires sur leur écologie et leur
distribution, ainsi qu’une liste complète des publications traitant de la faune de papillons diurnes et
des zygènes présents dans la zone.
MOTS CLÉS
faune de papillons,
liste des espèces,
biodiversité,
conservation,
Alpes maritimes,
nouvelle signalisation.
INTRODUCTION
Italy is a country characterized by extremely high biodiversity,
which we can observe in virtually all animal and plant groups
(Balletto etal. 2007). At least in montane areas, this occurs in
concomitance with relatively low human disturbance, in com-
parison with most other European countries (Balletto2005).
In the NW of the country, peaks of the mountain chain
representing the extreme south-western Alps and frequently
surpassing2000m in elevation, occur close to the seaside,
thereby generating very steep ecological gradients both on
their southern, maritime (Ligurian) and northern, continental
(Piedmontese) slopes. For this reason, the imposing traces of
the Holocene ice cap of Mt. Marguareis come to overhang
the Mediterranean woodlands from a horizontal distance of
less than 20km. Holm oak (Quercus ilex L.) formations often
occur in a mixture with beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) and with-
out the, elsewhere normal, interposition of deciduous oaks.
Over time, the extremely peculiar ecological features of this
area have created conditions for the formation of a number
of relatively small refuge areas that allow the survival of many
isolated animal and plant populations, which continued to
thrive throughout the Holocene glacial periods (Balletto&
Casale1991). Probably as a consequence of this, the Valdieri
area, together with the rest of the Ligurian and Maritime
Alps, represents a well-known biodiversity hotspot, where a
number of animal groups (butteries, zygaenid moths, carabid
beetles, reptiles and amphibians) show unusually high species
richness and endemism (Balletto etal. 2010).
Partially because of this high biodiversity, the area has been
designated as a Site of Communitarian Interest (SCI: “Argen-
tera” IT1110053), listed among the 32“Prime Buttery Areas”
occurring in Italy and considered a priority site for conservation
(Balletto etal. 2003). e exceptionally large amount of informa-
tion available on this fauna has sometimes prompted the focus
of research to shift from simply faunistic to strictly ecological
and several studies were devoted to the community ecology or
auto-ecology of Valdierian butteries (Balletto& Toso1975;
Balletto etal. 1977; 1982, Epstein1980; Jutzeler1993).
Information on the general area is abundant and dates
back in time to the second half of the19th Century (e.g.,
Ghiliani1852, 1853; Curò1874, 1880; Gianelli1890,
Casagrande& Manzone1890). Some papers were explicitly
aimed at illustrating this particular fauna, such as those by
Turati& Verity (1911, 1912) and Harris (1938). A large
number of amateur and professional entomologists alike
have visited the area along the years, generating a mass of
information on the Valdierian butteries. e most relevant
papers include Verity (1905-11, 1911, 1914, 1916, 1919,
1920, 1922, 1928a,b, 1931, 1932, 1938, 1939, 1940-
1953); Turati (1909, 1910, 1911, 1914a, b, 1919, 1923);
Fruhstorfer (1910, 1917, 1918, 1920, 1923, 1924); Rocci
(1911, 1912, 1914, 1919); Reverdin (1917); Verity&
Querci (1924); Wehrli (1924); Bang-Haas (1926); Bryk
(1935); Harris (1935); Rocca (1950); Eisner (1956, 1957,
1974, 1975, 1976); Storace (1956a, b, 1961); de Lesse
(1959); Wolfsberger (1960); Dujardin (1964, 1965, 1969);
Baldizzone (1964, 1965, 1966, 1971a, b); Floriani (1965);
Daniel (1968); Eitschberger& Reissinger (1971); Gallo
(1973, 1978); Balletto& Toso (1978); Eitschberger (1983);
Kudrna (1983); Kudrna& Balletto (1984); Balletto etal.
(1985); Balletto& Kudrna (1985, 1986); Ortali& Bertac
-
cini (1987); Leigheb etal. (1987); Reissinger (1971, 1974,
1989); David& Sanetra (1994), Balletto (1995); Cupedo
(1996, 1997); Arnscheid (2000); Nisaka (2000); Gianti&
Gallo (2002); Parenzan& Porcelli (2007) and Hellmann&
Parenzan (2010).
Excluding many more general papers, at least96journal
articles and books have been dedicated, in whole or in part,
to the description of the butteries and the burnet moths of
the mountains of the Valdieri area, where as many as 161spe-
cies (viz. 129Papilionoidea Latreille, 1806; 18Hesperioidea
Latreille, 1809 and 14Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809) have
been found to occur.
During our two-year eld study, we collected 97buttery
species at sevenrepresentative sites. One species proved to be
a new record for the Valdieri area, thus increasing the list for
this area to 162species of diurnal Lepidoptera.

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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
MATERIAL AND METHODS
BiBliography
Among the many activities undertaken for the purpose of
the EDIT project, in detail for ATBIs (All Taxa Biodiversity
Inventories), we carefully searched the “grey” literature for
data on the butteries and burnet moths occurring in the
surroundings of Valdieri.
ColleCtion
From June to August (2008-2009) we sampled butteries at
seven selected sites, scattered across the Valdieri area. We did
not sample burnet moths.
– Site1: Natural Reserve of Juniperus phoenicea L. (878m).
Adry grassland sampled in2008.
– Site2: Subalpine pastures of “Pian della Casa” (1650m).
Sampled in2008.
– Site3: Fishing reserve “Cappello di Napoleone”–Beech-
wood clearings at1300m. Sampled in2009.
– Sites4-7: Valasco valley. We selected 4sampling areas
along an altitudinal gradient (1600-1900m) to cover dif-
ferent habitat types. Specically, these were: 4) subalpine
heathland (Rhododendron L.) at1690m; 5) hygrophilous
grassland at1750m; 6) Juniperus heathland/grassland
at1790m and7) rocky slopes and screes at1900m. All
these sites were sampled in2009.
Butteries were sampled by linear transects (Pollard&
Yates1993) under weather conditions suitable for insect
activity. Most of the specimens were identied in the eld
and a small number (generallyonemale andonefemale) were
gathered to provide a reference collection. Habitats Directive
species were not collected. e material is deposited in the
general collection of our laboratory (DBIOS).
BiologiCal data
For each listed species we report the following information:
the rst record for the Valdieri area, the chorotype (following
Balletto etal. 2007), the general ecological requirements of
the species and records obtained during our twoyear eld
study (site and time of the year). e ecological requirements
of burnet moths are based on the information provided by
Balletto etal. (2007) and Naumann etal. (1999). In the case
of butteries, each species was schematically characterised by
its ecological requirements as described in Balletto& Kudrna
(1985) and subsequent modications. We considered four
characteristics: 1) general habitat requirements (nemoral,
subnemoral, open herbaceous, screes); 2)altitudinal pref-
erences (listing the altitudinal range of each species); 3)
thermal preferences (eurythermic, microthermic, meso-
philous, thermophilous) and 4)ground-water preferences
(eurychorous, hygrophilous, mesophilous, xerophilous). For
the vegetational cover of habitats, we classify nemoral and
subnemoral species separately because, even though both are
more or less linked to woodlands, the latter spend only a
relatively short part of the day (normally the hottest) in the
wood itself, whereas they generally forage in the surround
-
ing grasslands or meadows.
aBBreviations
CS Collected specimens;
Lhp larval host plant;
MRSN Museo Regionale di Science Naturali, Turin;
OS observed specimens.
RESULTS
On 6th August2008, one adult of Minois dryas (Scopoli,
1763) was collected at the natural reserve of Juniperus phoe-
nicea. is is a xerothermic site, at878m, protected because
of the presence of this restricted thermophilous plant, repre-
senting the highest and northernmost population of this
plant in Italy. is record is reported in the following species
list as “new record”.
e observed species richness at the sites were: 42species in
the Natural Reserve of Juniperus phoenicea (site1); 27species
in the pastures of “Pian della Casa” (site2); 50species in the
beech-wood clearing around the shing reserve of “Cappello
di Napoleone” (site3); 52species in the subalpine heathland
(Rhododendron–1690m) at Valasco (site4); 28species in the
Valasco hygrophilous grassland at1750m (site5); 50species
in the Juniperus heathland/grassland (1790m) of Valasco
(site6); 33species in the Valasco rocky slopes and screes (site7).
e following list of the species observed in the Valdieri
area follows the arrangement in Balletto etal. (2014), where
all data on authorship, original combinations and references
can be found, together with the synonyms most frequently
used in the literature.
Superfamily
Zygaenoidea Latreille, 1809
Family
Zygaenidae Latreille, 1809
Subfamily
proCridinae Boisduval, 1829
Genus Adscita Retzius, 1783
Adscita alpina (Alberti, 1937)
Procris alpina Alberti, 1937: 435.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Verity (1946).
Chorotype.—Alpine.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas.
Larval host plants belong to the genus Rumex. In ight from May
to August.
Adscita statices (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sphinx statices Linnaeus, 1758: 495.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas.
In Italy, it is recorded only from a few localities in the Alps,
below1500m (Naumann etal. 1999). Lhp are Rumex acetosa
and Rumex acetosella.

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Bonelli S. et al.
Adscita globulariae (Hübner, 1793)
Sphinx globulariae Hübner, 1793: Sphinges, pl.1, gs2, 3.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas. Eco-
logical dierences within this range have been recorded, depending
on the population. In northern Italy this species is restricted to dry,
grassy and owery sites (Naumann etal. 1999). Lhp are mainly
Centaurea species. In ight from May to July.
n
ote
.—In the area only reported from upper Vallon de Mollières,
at2300m, very close to the border between Italy and France.
Subfamily Zygaeninae Latreille, 1809
Genus Zygaena Fabricius, 1775
Zygaena carniolica (Scopoli, 1763)
Sphinx carniolica Scopoli, 1763: 189.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas. It is
usually present in dry, calcareous biotopes (Naumann etal. 1999).
Lhp are Anthyllis and Astragalus.
Zygaena charon (Hübner, 1796)
Sphinx charon Hübner, 1796: Sphinges, pl.4, g.21.
F
irst
reCord
For
the
v
aldieri
area
.—Balletto E. 1976pers.coll.
(Valdieri, 900m).
Chorotype.—SEuropean.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas.
Some authors consider it to be a subspecies of Zygaena viciae, which
is restricted to the Alpes-de-Haute-Provence, south-western Alps
and north-western Italy (Naumann etal. 1999). Known lhp for the
subspecies belong to the genera Lathyrus and Trifolium.
Zygaena ephialtes (Linnaeus, 1767)
Sphinx ephialtes Linnaeus, 1767: 806.
F
irst
reCord
For
the
v
aldieri
area
.—BallettoE. 1989pers.coll.
(Valdieri, 900m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—In proximity to broadleaved forests. Known lhp is
Coronilla emerus.
Zygaena exulans (Hohenwarth, 1792)
Sphinx exulans Hohenwarth, 1792: 265.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European (orophilous).
eCology.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas. It is
an oreal species, which in the Alps mainly inhabits Carex-meadows
(Naumann etal. 1999). Polyphagous.
Zygaena filipendulae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Sphinx lipendulae Linnaeus, 1758: 494.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
eCology.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas. It
inhabits a variety of habitats from open woodland to alpine mead-
ows (Naumann etal. 1999). Known lhp belong to the genera Lotus
and Dorycnium.
Zygaena lonicerae (Scheven, 1777)
Sph.[inx] lonicerae Scheven, 1777: 97.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas.
It is an altitudinal generalist (0-2000m) and can be found from
coastal areas to open woodland and subalpine meadows (Nau-
mann etal. 1999). Known lhp belong to the genera Coronilla
and Hippocrepis.
Zygaena loti ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
Sphinx loti [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 45.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Balletto E. 1976pers.
coll. (Valdieri, 800m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas.
Euryoecious species that occurs in meadows, woodland clearings
and subalpine slopes (Naumann etal. 1999). Known lhp belong
to the genus Astragalus.
Zygaena purpuralis (Brünnich, 1763)
Sphinx purpuralis Brünnich, 1763: 686.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas.
Altitudinal generalist, from coastal region to alpine meadows
(0-2000m); very common (Naumann etal. 1999). Known lhp are
ymus vulgaris, T.serpyllum, Satureja.

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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Zygaena romeo Duponchel, 1835
Zygaena romeo Duponchel, 1835: 131.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Balletto E. 1989pers.
coll. (Terme di Valdieri, 1300m).
Chorotype.—SEuropean.
eCology.—broadleaved forests, shady clearings. It usually occurs
in local and small colonies (Naumann etal. 1999). Known lhp are
Lathyrus, Vicia.
Zygaena transalpina (Esper, 1780)
Sphinx transalpina Esper, 1780: 196.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati (1910).
Chorotype.—S European.
eCology.—In vicinity of broadleaved and coniferous forests.
One of the most common Zygaenidae in the southern Alps and
in Italy (Naumann etal. 1999). Known lhp belong to the genus
Astragalus.
Zygaena vesubiana Le Charles, 1933
Zygaena brizae ssp.vesubiana Le Charles, 1933: 253.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1912).
Chorotype.—W Alpine.
e
Cology
.—Natural and semi-natural open herbaceous areas. is
taxon is considered by some authors to be a subspecies of Zygaena
brizae (Esper, 1800), which is restricted to south-eastern France and
north-western Italy, where it has been recorded only in the region of
Piedmont, Val d’Aosta and Liguria (Naumann etal. 1999; Hellmann
etal. 1999). Known lhp is Cirsium arvense (L.) Scop.
Superfamily hesperiioidea Latreille, 1809
Family
hesperiidae Latreille, 1809
Subfamily
pyrginae Burmeister, 1878
Genus Pyrgus Hübner, [1819]
Pyrgus accretus (Verity, 1925)
Hesperia alveus accreta Verity, 1925: 55.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Balletto E. 1989pers.
coll. (Valdieri, 900m).
Chorotype.—SWEuropean.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower-upper montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Pyrgus carlinae (Rambur, [1839])
Hesperia carlinae Rambur, [1839]: 314.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower montane-subalpine, meso-
philous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VII.2009, CS.
Pyrgus carthami (Hübner, [1813])
[Papilio] carthami Hübner, [1813]: pl.143, gs726 [recte720-723].
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, thermophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m,
VI.2009, CS.
Pyrgus cacaliae (Rambur, 1839)
Hesperia cacaliae Rambur, [1839]: 313.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Harris (1938).
Chorotype.—Alps, Pyrenees.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Pyrgus onopordi (Rambur, 1839)
Hesperia onopordi Rambur, [1839]: 319.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Verity (1940).
Chorotype.—WMediterranean.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower-upper montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Pyrgus foulquieri (Oberthür, 1910)
Syrichtus alveus [f.] foulquieri Oberthür, 1910: 404.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Warren (1926).
Chorotype.—SW European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lower-to-upper montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.

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Bonelli S. et al.
Pyrgus serratulae (Rambur, [1839])
Hesperia serratulae Rambur, [1839]: 318.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Pyrgus malvoides (Elwes& Edwards, 1897)
Hesperia malvoides Elwes& Edwards, 1897: 160.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Verity (1940).
Chorotype.—SWEuropean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous, meso-
philous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Spialia Swinhoe, [1912]
Spialia sertorius (Homannsegg, 1804)
Papilio sertorius Homannsegg, 1804: 203.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—CSEuropean.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lowland-lower montane, meso-
philous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Carcharodus Hübner, [1819]
Carcharodus alceae (Esper, [1780])
P. [apilio] alceae Esper, [1780]: 1 (2) Forts. Tagschmett, 4.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lowland-lower montane, meso-
philous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Carcharodus floccifer (Zeller, 1847)
Hesperia occifera Zeller, 1847: 286.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, eurythermic,
eurychorous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-wood
clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VIII.2009; Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Carcharodus lavatherae (Esper, [1783])
P. [apilio] lavatherae Esper, [1783]: 1 (2) Forts. Tagschmett., 148.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—European-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-lower montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Erynnis Schrank, 1801
Erynnis tages (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio tages Linnaeus, 1758: 485.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, eurythermic, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland, 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Subfamily hesperiinae Latreille, 1809
Genus ymelicus Hübner, [1819]
Thymelicus acteon (Rottemburg, 1775)
Pap.[ilio] acteon Rottemburg1775: 30.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Turanic-Mediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Thymelicus lineola (Ochsenheimer, [1808])
Papilio lineola Ochsenheimer, [1808]: 230.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Palaearctic (introduced in N America).
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron

145
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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grass-
land1750m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VIII.2009, CS.
Thymelicus sylvestris (Poda, 1761)
[Papilio] sylvestris Poda, 1761: 79.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland, 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napo-
leone, Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco,
Rhododendron heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine
scree,1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Hesperia Fabricius, 1793
Hesperia comma (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio comma Linnaeus, 1758: 484.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Holarctic.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-lower montane, thermo-
philous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Ochlodes Scudder, 1872
Ochlodes sylvanus (Esper, [1777])
Papilio sylvanus Esper, [1777]: 1 (1) pl.36, g.1, text [1779] 1(4), 343.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009, CS.
Superfamily papilionoidea Latreille, [1802]
Family
papilionidae Latreille, [1802]
Subfamily
papilioninae Latreille, [1802]
Genus Iphiclides Hübner, [1819]
Iphiclides podalirius (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio podalirius Linnaeus, 1758: 463.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN 1984 (San Lor-
enzo di Valdieri, 850m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododen-
dron heathland, 1690m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Papilio Linnaeus, 1758
Papilio alexanor Esper, [1800]
P. [apilio] alexanor Esper, [1800]: Suppl.eil1, 89.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, thermophilous,
xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland, 878m, VII.2008, OS.
Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758
Papilio machaon Linnaeus, 1758: 462.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Verity (1905-11).
Chorotype.—Holarctic.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, thermophilous,
xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heath-
land/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009, OS.
Subfamily parnassiinae Duponchel, [1835]
Genus Parnassius Latreille, 1804
Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Fig.1)
Papilio apollo Linnaeus, 1758: 465.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Verity (1905-11).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Screes, lower-upper montane, mesophilous, xerphilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland, 878m, VII.2008; Pian della Casa, subalpine pas-
tures, 1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/
grassland, 1790m, VII.2009, OS.

146
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)
(Fig.2)
Papilio mnemosyne Linnaeus, 1758: 465.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati (1909).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane-subalpine, mesophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009, OS.
Parnassius phoebus (de Prunner, 1798)
(see ICZN case3637)
Pap.[ilio] phoebus de Prunner, 1798: 69.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, microthermic,
hygrophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Family pieridae Duponchel, [1835]
Subfamily
pierinae Duponchel, [1835]
Genus Aporia Hübner, [1819]
Aporia crataegi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio crataegi Linnaeus, 1758: 467.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Palaearctic.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/
grassland, 1790m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Pieris Schrank, 1801
Pieris brassicae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio brassicae Linnaeus, 1758: 467.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Palaearctic.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heath-
land, 1690m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Pieris bryoniae (Hübner, [1806])
[Papilio] bryoniae Hübner, [1806]: text, foot note, 62.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine-Anatolian (orophilous).
eCology.—Subnemoral, subalpine, microthermic, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI.2009, CS.
Pieris callidice (Hübner, [1800])
[Papilio] callidice Hübner, [1800]: Papiliones, pl.81, gs408, 409.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, alpine, microthermic, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Pieris daplidice (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio daplidice Linnaeus, 1758: 468.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—WMediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-wood
clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI.2009, CS.
Pieris mannii (Mayer, 1851)
Pont.[ia] mannii Mayer, 1851: 151.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SEuro-Mediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VI-VII.2009, CS.
Pieris napi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio napi Linnaeus, 1758: 468.

147
Butteries of the Italian maritime Alps
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-wood
clearings, 1300m (Jun- Aug. 2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m,
VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VI-
VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VI.2009, CS.
Pieris rapae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio rapae Linnaeus, 1758: 468.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Palaearctic.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lowland-subalpine, eurytherm,
undetermined.
edit projeCt sampling.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008; Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhodo
-
dendron heathland, 1690m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous
grassland 1750m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/
grassland, 1790m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree,
1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Anthocharis
Boisduval, Rambur& Graslin, [1833]
Anthocharis cardamines (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio cardamines Linnaeus, 1758: 468.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Palaearctic.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-wood
clearings, 1300m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VI.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Fig 1.—Parnassius apollo (Linnaeus, 1758). Photograph: Davide Piccoli.

148
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
Genus Euchloe Hübner, [1819]
Euchloe tagis (Hübner, [1804])
[Papilio] tagis Hübner, [1804]: Papiliones, pl.110, gs565, 566.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Cameron-Curry etal.
(1983).
Chorotype.—SWEuropean and NAfrica.
e
Cology
.—Screes, lower montane-subalpine, thermophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Euchloe ausonia (Hübner, 1804)
[Papilio] ausonia Hübner, 1804: 64.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Balletto E. 1976pers.
coll. (Valdieri, 900m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—lower-montane, open herbaceous, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Subfamily Coliadinae Swainson, 1827
Genus Colias Fabricius, 1807
Colias alfacariensis Ribbe, 1905
Colias hyale alfacariensis Ribbe, 1905: 137.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, thermo-
philous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Colias crocea (Fourcroy, 1785)
Papilio croceus Fourcroy, 1785: 250.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Turanic-Euro-Mediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m,
VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009;
Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VI.2009, CS.
Colias phicomone (Esper, [1780])
P. [apilio] phicomone Esper, [1780]: Forts. Tagschmett., 32.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Gianelli (1890).
Chorotype.—S European (orophilous).
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Gonepteryx [Leach], [1815]
Gonepteryx cleopatra (Linnaeus, 1767)
Papilio cleopatra Linnaeus, 1767: 765.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, Mediterranean to lower montane, ther-
mophilous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII.2009, OS.
Gonepteryx rhamni (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio rhamni Linnaeus, 1758: 470.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VI.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VI-VII.2009, OS.
Subfamily dismorphiinae Schatz, 1887
Genus Leptidea Billberg, 1820
Leptidea juvernica Williams, 1946
Leptidea sinapis juvernica Williams, 1946: 79.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Gianti& Gallo (2002)
(as Leptidea reali).
This species was initially recorded as Leptidea reali Reissinger,
1990.
For the moment, the occurrence in Italy of L.juvernica is based on
a small number of specimens from the E Alps (V. Dincă, in litt.).
e “non L.sinapis populations” of C Italy have been demonstrated
to represent L.reali (Dincă etal. 2011, 2013). In NItaly, 25 “non

149
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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
L.sinapis populations” have been recorded, but no molecular data
are currently available for the Valdieri area. However, L.juvernica is
known to occur at least in NE Italy, at the Val di Tovo lakes (Dincă
etal. 2011, 2013).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower to upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
Leptidea sinapis (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio sinapis Linnaeus, 1758: 468.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VI.2009, CS.
Family riodinidae Grote, 1895
Subfamily
hamearinae Clench, 1955
Genus Hamearis Hübner, [1819]
Hamearis lucina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio lucina Linnaeus, 1758: 480.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Euro-Anatolian.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009, CS.
Family lyCaenidae [Leach], [1815]
Subfamily
lyCaeninae [Leach], [1815]
Tribe
lyCaenini [Leach], [1815]
Genus Lycaena Fabricius, 1807
Lycaena alciphron (Rottemburg, 1775)
Pap.[ilio] alciphron Rottemburg, 1775: 11.
Fig 2.—Parnassius mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758). Photograph: Davide Piccoli.

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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, mesophilous,
xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di
Napoleone, Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juni-
perus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine
scree, 1900m, VIII.2009, CS.
Lycaena eurydame (Homannsegg, 1806)
Papilio eurydame Homannsegg, 1806: 178.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Gianelli (1890).
Chorotype.—Alpine.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane-subalpine, mesophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m,
VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Lycaena phlaeas (Linnaeus, 1761)
Papilio phlaeas Linnaeus, 1761: 285.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Holarctic-Afrotropical.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, thermophil-
ous, eurychorous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VII.2009, CS.
Lycaena subalpina Speyer, 1851
Polyommatus circe var. subalpina Speyer, 1851: 339.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane-subalpine, mesophil-
ous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Lycaena tityrus (Poda, 1761)
[Papilio] tityrus Poda, 1761: 77.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Harris (1938).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper mountain, mesophil-
ous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Lycaena virgaureae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio virgaureae Linnaeus, 1758: 484.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane-subalpine, mesophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododen-
dron heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous
grassland 1750m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/
grassland, 1790m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m,
VII-VIII.2009, CS.
Tribe theClini Swainson, 1831
Genus Satyrium Scudder, 1876
Satyrium spini ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] spini [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 186.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN1966 (Valdieri,
900m).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Satyrium pruni (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio pruni Linnaeus, 1758: 482.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Favonius Sibatani& Ito, 1942
Favonius quercus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio quercus Linnaeus, 1758: 482.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Baldizzone (1964).
Chorotype.—Turanic-S Euro-Mediterranean.

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Butteries of the Italian maritime Alps
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
GenusCallophrys Billberg, 1820
Callophrys rubi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio rubi Linnaeus, 1758: 482.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Balletto etal. (1982).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, eurytherm, meso-
philous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Tribe polyommatini Swainson, 1827
Genus Cupido Schrank, 1801
Cupido minimus (Fuessly, 1775)
Papilio minimus Fuessly, 1775: 31.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Celastrina Tutt, 1906
Celastrina argiolus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio argiolus Linnaeus, 1758: 483.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Holarctic.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Scolitantides Hübner, [1819]
Scolitantides orion (Pallas, 1771)
Papilio orion Pallas, 1771: 471.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane, thermophilous, xero-
philous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Pseudophilotes Beuret, 1958
Pseudophilotes baton (Bergsträsser, 1779)
[Papilio] baton Bergsträsser, 1779: 18.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN1966 (Valdieri,
900m).
Chorotype.—SEuropean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Iolana Bethune-Baker, 1914
Iolana iolas (Ochsenheimer, 1816)
Lycaena iolas Ochsenheimer, 1816: 144.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Balletto E. 1990 pers.
coll. (Valdieri, 900m).
Chorotype.—SE European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane, thermophilous, xero-
philous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Glaucopsyche Scudder, 1872
Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761)
[Papilio] alexis Poda, 1761: 77.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centroasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Maculinea van Eecke, 1915
Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio arion Linnaeus, 1758: 483.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, thermophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pas-
tures1650m, VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m,
VII.2009, CS.

152
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Bonelli S. et al.
Genus Lampides Hübner, [1819]
Lampides boeticus (Linnaeus, 1767)
Papilio boeticus Linnaeus, 1767: 789.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Baldizzone (1971a).
C
horotype
.—Palaearctic, Afrotropical, Indo-Australian (migratory).
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Plebejus Kluk, 1802
Plebejus argus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio argus Linnaeus, 1758: 483.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European (to Japan).
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland878m, VII-VIII.2008; Pian della Casa, subalpine
pastures1650m, VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napo-
leone, Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco,
Rhododendron heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus
heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine
scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Lycaeides Hübner, [1819]
Lycaeides idas (Linnaeus, 1761)
Papilio idas Linnaeus, 1761: 284.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, meso-
philous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland878m, VII.2008; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus L. heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII-VIII.2009, CS.
Lycaeides argyrognomon (Bergsträsser, 1779)
[Papilio] argyrognomon Bergsträsser, 1779: 76.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Parenzan P. 1974pers.
coll. (Valdieri, see Hellmann& Parenzan2010).
Chorotype.—European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower montane, thermophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Aricia [Reichenbach], 1817
Aricia agestis ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] agestis [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 184.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Verity (1928a).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland878m, VII-VIII.2008; Subalpine scree, 1900m,
VII.2009, CS.
Aricia allous (Geyer, [1837])
[Papilio] alloüs [sic!] Geyer, [1837]: 200.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane-subalpine, mesophil
-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland878m, VII.2008; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VII-VIII.2009, CS.
Aricia nicias (Meigen, 1830)
Polyommatus nicias Meigen, 1830: 10.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, subalpine, microthermic, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009,
CS.
Genus Eumedonia Forster, 1938
Eumedonia eumedon (Esper, [1780])
P. [apilio] eumedon Esper, [1780]: Forts. Tagschmett., 16.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane, mesophilous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pas-
tures1650m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/
grassland, 1790m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m,
2009, CS.

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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Genus Cyaniris Dalman, 1816
Cyaniris semiargus (Rottemburg, 1775)
Pap.[ilio] semiargus Rottemburg, 1775: 20.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane-subalpine, mesophil
-
ous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pas-
tures1650m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/
grassland, 1790m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Polyommatus Latreille, 1804
Polyommatus bellargus (Rottemburg, 1775)
Pap.[ilio] bellargus Rottemburg, 1775: 25.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN1974 (Valdieri,
980m).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland878m, VII.2008, CS.
Polyommatus coridon (Poda, 1761)
[Papilio] coridon Poda, 1761: 77.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lower montane-subalpine, ther-
mophilous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland878m, VII.2008; Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VIII.2009, CS.
Polyommatus damon
([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] damon [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 182.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower-upper montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Polyommatus daphnis ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] daphnis [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 182.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane, thermophilous, meso-
xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII-VIII.2008, CS.
Polyommatus dorylas
([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P.[apilio] dorylas [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 322.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Euro-Anatolian.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower-upper montane, thermo-
philous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII-VIII.2008, CS.
Polyommatus escheri (Hübner, [1823])
[Papilio] escheri Hübner, [1823]: Papiliones, pl.160, gs799, 800.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Euro-Mediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napo-
leone, Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rho-
dodendron heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus
heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine
scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Fig 3.—Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758). Photograph: Davide Piccoli.

154
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
Polyommatus icarus (Rottemburg, 1775)
Pap.[ilio] icarus Rottemburg, 1775: 21.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, eurytherm,
eurychorous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII-VIII.2008; Pian della Casa, subalpine
pastures 1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Polyommatus icarius (Esper, [1789])
Papilio icarius Esper, [1789]: Suppl.eil 1, 35.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Baldizzone (1971a).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower to upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Polyommatus thersites (Cantener, 1834)
[Argus] thersites Cantener, 1834: 53.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN 1976 (Valdieri,
900m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, thermo-
philous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Polyommatus eros (Ochsenheimer, 1808)
Papilio eros Ochsenheimer, 1808: 42.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Harris (1938).
Chorotype.—Siberic-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Family nymphalidae Swainson, 1827
Subfamily
nymphalinae Swainson, 1827
Genus Nymphalis Kluk, 1802
Nymphalis antiopa (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio antiopa Linnaeus, 1758: 476.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Holarctic.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Nymphalis polychloros (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio polychloros Linnaeus, 1758: 477.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Inachis Hübner, [1819]
Inachis io (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio io Linnaeus, 1758: 472.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, OS.
Genus Vanessa Fabricius, 1807
Vanessa atalanta (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio atalanta Linnaeus, 1758: 478.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Holarctic (introduced to Haiti, Hawaii, Bermuda,
New Zealand).
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures 1650,
VIII.2008; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland, 1690m, VI-VII.2009;
Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VI-VII.2009, CS.
Vanessa cardui (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio cardui Linnaeus, 1758: 475.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sub-Cosmopolite.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous,
eurychorous.

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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
edit projeCt sampling.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VI-VIII.2009, OS.
Genus Aglais Dalman, 1816
Aglais urticae (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio urticae Linnaeus, 1758: 477.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lowland-alpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland, 1690m, VI-
VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m, VI.2009; Val-
asco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco,
Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII-VIII.2009, OS.
Genus Polygonia Hübner, [1819]
Polygonia c-album (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio c-album Linnaeus, 1758: 477.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VI.2009, CS.
Genus Melitaea Fabricius, 1807
Melitaea nevadensis Oberthür, 1904
Melitaea dejone [sic!] nevadensis Oberthür, 1904: 14.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—WEuropean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008; Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-wood
clearings, 1300m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m,
VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009;
Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Melitaea cinxia (Linnaeus, 1758)
P. [apilio] cinxia Linnaeus, 1758: 480
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m, VII.2009;
Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VI-VII.2009, CS.
Melitaea deione (Geyer, [1832])
[Papilio] deione Geyer, [1832]: 192.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN 1976 (And-
onno, 750m).
Chorotype.—SW Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, thermophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Melitaea diamina (Lang, 1789)
Papilio diamina Lang, 1789: 44.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane, mesophilous, hygrophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-
wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VI.2009, CS.
Melitaea didyma (Esper, [1778])
P. [apilio] didyma Esper, [1778]: 1 (1), pl.41, g.3, text [1779], 365.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN1964 (Valdieri,
1000m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-lower montane, thermo-
philous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII-VIII.2008, CS.
Melitaea phoebe (Goeze, 1779)
Papilio phoebe Goeze, 1779: 365.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.

156
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Melitaea trivia ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] trivia [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 179.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Baldizzone (1964).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane, thermophilous, xero-
philous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Melitaea varia Meyer-Dür, [1851]
Melitaea parthenie var. varia Meyer-Dür, [1851]: 133.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911),
see also Dujardin (1969).
Chorotype.—Alpine-Appenninic.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850
Melitaea aurelia Nickerl, 1850: 12.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Baldizzone (1971a, b).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower montane, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Genus Euphydryas Scudder, 1872
Euphydryas cynthia
([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] cynthia [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 179.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SEuropean (European Alps).
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Subfamily heliConiinae Swainson, 1827
Genus Argynnis Fabricius, 1807
Argynnis adippe ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] adippe [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 177.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, meso-
philous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Argynnis aglaja (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio aglaja Linnaeus, 1758: 481.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, lowland-subalpine, mesophilous, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododen-
dron heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VIII.2009, CS.
Argynnis niobe (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio niobe Linnaeus, 1758: 481.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower montane-subalpine, meso-
philous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grass-
land, 1790m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII-
VIII.2009, CS.
Argynnis paphia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio paphia Linnaeus, 1758: 481.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Palaearctic.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008; Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures

157
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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
1650, VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-
wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grass-
land 1750m, VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VIII.2009, CS.
Genus Issoria Hübner, [1819]
Issoria lathonia (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio lathonia Linnaeus, 1758: 481.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, thermo-
philous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VIII.2009, CS.
Genus Brenthis Hübner, [1819]
Brenthis daphne (Bergsträsser, 1780)
[Papilio] daphne Bergsträsser, 1780: 32.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VII-VIII.2009, CS.
Genus Boloria Moore, [1900]
Boloria euphrosyne (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio euphrosyne Linnaeus, 1758: 481.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-
wood clearings, 1300m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VI-VII.2009, CS.
Boloria pales ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] pales ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 177.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SEuropean (orophilous).
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Boloria graeca (Staudinger, 1871a)
Argynnis pales v. graeca Staudinger, 1871a: 61.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Baldizzone (1965).
Chorotype.—SEuropean (orophilous).
eCology.—Open herbaceous, upper montane-subalpine, meso-
philous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m (2009), CS.
Boloria titania (Esper, [1789])
P.[apilio] titania Esper, [1789]: Suppl.eil1, 58.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Holarctic.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane, mesophilous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pas-
tures1650m, VII-VIII.2008; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m,
VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII-
VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Boloria dia (Linnaeus, 1767)
Papilio dia Linnaeus, 1767: 785.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN 1974 (Valdieri,
900m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European (eastern limit Yakutia).
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, thermophil-
ous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Subfamily limenitidinae Behr, 1864
Genus Limenitis Fabricius, 1807
Limenitis populi (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio populi Linnaeus, 1758: 476.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Baldizzone (1966).

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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
Chorotype.—Siberic-European.
eCology.—Nemoral, upper montane, mesophilous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Limenitis camilla (Linnaeus, 1764)
Papilio camilla Linnaeus, 1764: 304.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Cassulo L. 2001pers.
coll. (Andonno, 900m).
C
horotype
.—European; NE China and Amur to Japan (disjunct).
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Limenitis reducta Staudinger, 1901
Limenitis camilla var. reducta Staudinger, 1901: 22.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Subfamily apaturinae Boisduval, 1840
Genus
Apatura ilia ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P. [apilio] ilia [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 172.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Cassulo L. 2001pers.
coll. (Valdieri, 900m).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Subfamily satyrinae Boisduval, [1833]
Genus Satyrus Latreille, 1810
Satyrus ferula (Fabricius, 1793)
Papilio ferula Fabricius, 1793: 225.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European, Northwest Africa.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, thermophilous,
xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland 878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododen-
dron heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous
grassland 1750m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/
grassland, 1790m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Minois Hübner, [1819]
Minois dryas (Scopoli, 1763)
Papilio dryas Scopoli, 1763: 153.
new reCord. — First record in this article.
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous/
thermophilous, mesophilous/xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VIII.2008, CS.
Genus Hipparchia Fabricius, 1807
Hipparchia fagi (Scopoli, 1763)
Papilio fagi Scopoli, 1763: 152.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—CSEuropean.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Hipparchia hermione (Linnaeus, 1764)
Papilio hermione Linnaeus, 1764: 281.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—CSEuropean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, thermophil-
ous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Hipparchia semele (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio semele Linnaeus, 1758: 474.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, thermophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.

159
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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Genus Kanetisa Moore, [1893]
Kanetisa circe (Fabricius, 1775)
P.[apilio] circe Fabricius, 1775: 495.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Balletto E. 1976 pers.
coll. (S. Anna di Valdieri, 1000m).
Chorotype.—Turanic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-lower montane, mesophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland,
1790m, VII.2009, CS.
Genus Arethusana de Lesse, 1951
Arethusana arethusa
([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P.[apilio] arethusa [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 169.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower montane, thermophilous, xero-
philous.
note
Elsewhere in the region, only reported from Vallon de Mol-
lières (1500m), France.
Genus Erebia Dalman, 1816
Erebia aethiopellus
(Homannsegg, 1806)
Papilio aethiopellus Homannsegg, 1806: 180.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SW Alpine.
eCology.—Subnemoral, subalpine, mesophilous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Erebia aethiops (Esper, 1777)
P.[apilio] aethiops Esper, 1777: 1 (1), pl.25, g.3, text [1779], 312.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN 1979 (Valdieri,
900m).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lower montane, mesophilous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Erebia alberganus
(de Prunner, 1798)
Pap.[ilio] alberganus de Prunner, 1798: 71.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SE-European (orophilous).
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane, mesophilous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-
wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m (VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grass-
land, 1790m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m,
VIII.2009, CS.
Erebia dromus (Fabricius, 1793)
Papilio dromus Fabricius, 1793: 224.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine-Apenninic-Pyrenaic.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, upper montane-alpine, mesophil-
ous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII-VIII.2008, CS.
Erebia epiphron (Knoch, 1783)
Papilio epiphron Knoch, 1783: 131.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—European (orophilous).
eCology.—Subnemoral, upper montane-alpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures 1650,
VII-VIII.2008; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Erebia euryale (Esper, [1805])
P.[apilio] euryale Esper, [1805]: Suppl.eil 2, 8.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—CS European (orophilous).
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane-subalpine, mesophil-
ous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures 1650,
VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone, Beech-wood
clearings, 1300m, VIII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland 1750m,
VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII-
VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII-VIII.2009, CS.

160
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Bonelli S. et al.
Erebia gorge (Hübner, [1804])
[Papilio] gorge Hübner, [1804]: Papiliones, pl.99, gs502-505.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SEuropean (orophilous).
eCology.—Screes, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Erebia ligea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio ligea Linnaeus, 1758: 473.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Nemoral, lower-upper montane, mesophilous, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VIII.2009, CS.
Erebia manto ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775)
P.[apilio] manto [Denis& Schiermüller], 1775: 169.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Floriani (1965).
Chorotype.—CS European (orophilous).
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane-subalpine, mesophil-
ous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Erebia melampus (Fuessly, 1775)
Papilio melampus Fuessly, 1775: 31.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine.
eCology.—Subnemoral, upper montane-alpine, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pas-
tures1650m, VII.2008; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland, 1690m,
VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009;
Valasco, Subalpine scree, 1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Erebia meolans (de Prunner, 1798)
Pap.[ilio] meolans de Prunner, 1798: 71.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—CSWEuropean.
eCology.—Scree, upper montane-subalpine, mesophilous, xero-
philous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pas-
tures1650m, VII.2008; Valasco, Rhododendron heathland, 1690m,
VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009,
CS.
Erebia montana (de Prunner, 1798)
Pap.[ilio] montanus de Prunner, 1798: 71.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine-Apenninic.
e
Cology
.—Screes, upper montane-subalpine, mesophilous,
xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VIII.2009, CS.
Erebia neoridas (Boisduval, [1828])
Satyrus neoridas Boisduval, [1828]: 23.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Curò (1874-80).
Chorotype.—Alpine-Apenninic-Pyrenaic.
eCology.—Subnemoral, upper montane, thermophilous, meso-
philous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heath-
land/grassland, 1790m, VIII.2009, CS.
Erebia pandrose (Borkhausen, 1788)
[Papilio] pandrose Borkhausen, 1788: 95.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European (orophilous).
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, subalpine-alpine, microthermic,
mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Erebia pluto (de Prunner, 1798)
Papilio pluto de Prunner, 1798: 20.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine-Appenninic (orophilous).
eCology.—Screes, alpine, mesophilous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.

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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Erebia scipio Boisduval, 1832
Erebia scipio Boisduval, 1832: 152.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SW Alpine (orophilous).
e
Cology
.—Screes, upper montane-alpine, mesophilous, xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found. Perhaps extinct in the area
(see Rocci1911).
note
Elsewhere in the region, only reported from Balma della
Frema, at2300m, very close to the border between Italy
and France.
Erebia triaria (de Prunner, 1798)
Pap.[ilio] triarius de Prunner, 1798: 70.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—SEuropean (orophilous).
eCology.—Open herbaceous, upper montane-subalpine, meso-
philous, meso-xerophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Valasco, Rhododendron heathland,
1690m, VI.2009, CS.
Genus Oeneis Hübner, [1819]
Oeneis glacialis (Moll, 1783)
Papilio glacialis Moll, 1783: 102.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine.
eCology.—Screes, subalpine-alpine, mesophilous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous
grassland1750m, VI.2009, CS.
Genus Melanargia Meigen, [1828]
Melanargia galathea (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio galathea Linnaeus, 1758: 474.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009, CS.
Genus Maniola Schrank, 1801
Maniola jurtina (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio jurtina Linnaeus, 1758: 475.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Turanic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea, dry
grassland878m, VII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree,
1900m, 2009, CS.
Genus Hyponephele Muschamp, 1915
Hyponephele lycaon (Kühn, 1774)
[Papilio] lycaon Kühn, 1774: 21.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, thermophilous,
xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009, CS.
Genus Aphantopus Wallengren, 1853
Aphantopus hyperantus (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio hyperantus Linnaeus, 1758: 471.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—MRSN1976 (Moscardini
C.collection), legit Colzio (Valdieri, 750m).
Chorotype.—Asiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lower-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland878m, VII-VIII.2008, CS.
Genus Coenonympha Hübner, [1819]
Coenonympha arcania (Linnaeus, 1761)
Papilio arcania Linnaeus, 1761: 273.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Euro-Anatolian.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.

162
ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
Bonelli S. et al.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di
Napoleone, Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco,
Rhododendron heathland, 1690m, VI-VIII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus
heathland/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009; Valasco, Subalpine scree,
1900m, VII.2009, CS.
Coenonympha darwiniana
Staudinger, 1871
Coenonympha arcania var. darwiniana Staudinger, 1871: 32.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Alpine.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, upper montane-subalpine, meso-
philous, mesophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
note
Coenonympha arcania macromma Turati& Verity, 1911 (Type
locality: Terme di Valdieri) has been treated as having species
rank by Schmitt& Besold (2010). For the moment we prefer
to maintain its more traditional treatment under C.darwini-
ana, pending the results of further analyses.
Coenonympha glycerion
(Borkhausen, 1788)
[Papilio] glycerion Borkhausen, 1788: 90.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
eCology.—Open herbaceous, lower montane-subalpine, meso-
philous, hygrophilous.
edit projeCt sampling.—Not found.
Coenonympha pamphilus
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio pamphilus Linnaeus, 1758: 472.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
e
Cology
.—Open herbaceous, lowland-upper montane, eury-
therm, eurychorous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Natural reserve Juniperus phoenicea,
dry grassland 878m, VII.2008, CS.
Genus Pararge Hübner, [1819]
Pararge aegeria (Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio aegeria Linnaeus, 1758: 473.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Euro-Mediterranean.
e
Cology
.—Nemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VI-VII.2009, CS.
Genus Lasiommata Westwood, 1841
Lasiommata maera
(Linnaeus, 1758)
Papilio maera Linnaeus, 1758: 473.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Centralasiatic-European.
eCology.—Subnemoral, lowland-upper montane, mesophilous,
mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Pian della Casa, subalpine pastures
1650, VII-VIII.2008; Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI-VII.2009; Valasco, Rhododendron
heathland, 1690m, VII-VIII.2009; Valasco, Hygrophilous grassland
1750m, VII.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heathland/grassland, 1790m,
VI-VIII.2009, CS.
Lasiommata megera
(Linnaeus, 1767)
Papilio megera Linnaeus, 1767: 771.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Turanic-Euro-Mediterranean.
eCology.—Open rocky ground, lowland-upper montane, eury-
chorous, xerophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009, CS.
Lasiommata petropolitana
(Fabricius, 1787)
Papilio maera var. petropolitana Fabricius, 1787: 36.
First reCord For the valdieri area.—Turati& Verity (1911).
Chorotype.—Sibiric-European.
e
Cology
.—Subnemoral, upper montane-subalpine, mesophil-
ous, mesophilous.
e
dit
p
rojeCt
sampling
.—Fishing reserve Cappello di Napoleone,
Beech-wood clearings, 1300m, VI.2009; Valasco, Juniperus heath-
land/grassland, 1790m, VII.2009, CS.

163
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ZOOSYSTEMA • 2015 • 37 (1)
DISCUSSION
e Valdieri area has long been known to include a variety of
Mediterranean and Alpine elements, often occurring together
side by side, in such an intricate pattern of co-habitations as
is found virtually nowhere else in the Alps.
Van Swaay etal. (2006, 2010) have shown that butteries
are strongly declining all across Europe (31% of the European
butteries has declining populations). Habitat destruction
is the main cause of extinction throughout the Italian ter
-
ritory and, as already pointed out for many countries (e.g.,
van Swaay etal. 2010), a correct conservation policy should
begin by stopping urbanization and intensive agriculture, at
least in the most sensitive areas, and revitalizing traditional
agro-pastoral activities. e analysis of population extinction
patterns within the Italian buttery fauna, however, shows
that such measures may be insucient (Bonelli etal. 2011).
One-third of these extinctions, in fact, were not clearly related
to habitat destruction. Other threats, in particular global
warming, will soon represent a matter of serious concern, as
also shown by Settele etal. (2008).
A study by Bonelli and colleagues (unpublished data) has
shown that considerable changes have occurred in the overall
distribution of butteries in a sector of the Valdieri area, over
a 30year time frame (1977-2010). Some species, present
exclusively above the montane belt, such as Coenonympha
[darwiniana] macromma (see also Schmidt& Besold2010),
C.glycerion (Borkhausen, 1788), Colias phicomone (Esper,
[1780]), Erebia manto ([Denis& Schiermüller], 1775), or
Pieris callidice (Hübner, [1800]) have disappeared, while as
many as18other species have spread from lower to higher
altitudes.
e species newly recorded during our eldwork for the
Valdieri area might fall into the latter case. Minois dryas is
rather widespread in North Italy. It is classied as subnemoral
and mesophilous, usually being present from the lowland to
the montane belt. Its previous absence from the faunal list of
Valdieri could be due to a recent spreading of the species into
the area. However, even if historical data represent an invalu-
able tool, only the use of standardised monitoring, repeated
over time, allows the reliable identication of changes in
species numbers and distribution.
In this context, the still very high biodiversity of the Valdieri
area becomes even more important. Moreover, this area is
home to viable populations of four globally threatened but-
tery species, all listed in Annex IV of the Habitats Directive
and in Appendix2of the Bern Convention: Parnassius apollo
(Linnaeus, 1758) (also included in CITES App.1), Parnassius
mnemosyne (Linnaeus, 1758), Papilio alexanor Esper, [1800]
and Maculinea arion (Linnaeus, 1758).
Populations of P.apollo and P.mnemosyne, in particular, benet
from a abundant breeding sites in this area and accordingly
have very high population densities, while P.alexanor has in
this area its most robustly established population within the
Italian territory (Bonelli etal. this issue, Sala& Bollino1991).
Several other interesting species, from a conservation point
of view (van Swaay etal. 2010) are also rmly established
in this area, such as ymelicus acteon (Rottemburg, 1775)
(mainly Mediterranean), Glaucopsyche alexis (Poda, 1761)
and Boloria titania (Esper, [1789]) (mainly montane species).
Acknowledgements
e All Taxa Biodiversity Inventory + Monotoring Mercantour/
Alpi Marittime was launched by the European Distributed
Institute of Taxonomy (EDIT) project (2006-2011).
We thank M.De Biaggi, L.Giraudo (Parco Alpi Marittime)
and M.-F. Leccia (Par National du Mercantour), and E.Riv-
ella (Regional Agency for Environmental Protection–ARPA
Piemonte). We also thank referees Tommaso Racheli and
Paolo Parenzan for their advice.
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Submitted on 5March 2014;
accepted on 20October 2014;
published on 27March 2015.