Shyam Kumar Rajaram

King Saud University | KKUH

Pigments are widely used in food supplements envisaging attractive colors along with health benefits. The desired advancements in the nutraceutical and antioxidant properties of pigments utilized in food products necessitate the search for novel additives. The present study is the first in the field to report the pigment-producing endolichenic bact...

Algae are a large and diverse group of autotrophic photosynthetic organisms in the aquatic environment that includes eukaryotic multicellular algae and unicellular prokaryotic cyanobacteria. Algae comprise proteins, amino acids, fatty acids (PUFA), vitamins, polysaccharides, pigments, and other secondary metabolites. Algae are considered as suitabl...

Exopolysaccharides (EPS) are exogenous microbial metabolites generated predominantly during the development of bacteria. They have several biological potentials, including antibacterial, antioxidant, and anticancer actions. Polysaccharide-coated nanoparticles have high biological activity and are used in treatments and diagnostics. In this research...

Customer demand for natural packaging materials in the food industry has increased. Biocomposite films developed using boiled rice water could be an eco-friendly and cost-effective packaging product in the future. This study reports the development of bio-based films using waste materials, such as boiled rice water (matrix) and Pistacia vera shells...

Actinomycete DARP-7 was isolated from the coastal foliose lichen Dirinaria aegilita (Afzel.ex Ach.) B.J.Moore and identified as Streptomyces sp. using 16S rRNA sequencing. Among the eight culture media used for antimicrobial metabolite production, the peptone yeast extract iron medium (ISP-6) showed higher production with the maximum zone of inhibi...

In the present study, biomass from the Chromolaena odorata plant’s stem was activated using sulfuric acid to adsorb crystal violet (CV) dye. The adsorption operation of CV dye was studied considering the effect of variables like pH, initial dye concentration, time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The pseudo-second-order equation best fitted the...

Green chemistry adoption in biosynthesis of nanoparticles has revolutionized the realm of phyto-medicine. Lichens that comprise the symbiotic association of fungi and either algae or cyanobacteria render eco-friendly and biocompatible applications. A plethora of secondary metabolites with redox potentials from lichens have wide applications as bioa...

In the present study, biomass from the Chromolaena odorata plant's stem was activated using sulfuric acid to absorb crystal violet (CV) dye. The adsorption operation of CV dye was studied considering the effect of variables like pH, initial dye concentration, time, adsorbent dosage, and temperature. The pseudo-second-order equation best fitted the...

Adopting the biorefinery approaches on the coupled process of phycoremediation and biofuel production using freshwater microalgae. A green microalga, Scenedesmus sp., cultivated in various concentrations of domestic wastewater (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 %v/v). Maximum biomass productivity was obtained 62 mg/L/day cultivated in 100 %v/v wastewater. Dur...

Lichens of Sirumalai hills are reported here for the first time. Lichen biota comprised of 95 species. The genus Japewiella is reported for the first time in India and is represented by J. tavaresiana (H. Magn.) Printzen. Furthermore, the following six taxa including one variety are new to India viz. Arthonia atra (Pers.) A. Schneid., Graphis brevi...

Biowastes generated from the food processing industries cause environmental issues due to nitrogen, phosphorous, macronutrients, and water contents. These nutrients make the wastes more susceptible to fermentation, thus causing pollution. However, these biowastes contain a high level of marketable bioproducts extracted for value-added products like...

Achievement of sustainable development goals emphasizes alternative fuel strategies posing biodiesel production from plant and animal matter stressing long-chain fatty acid esters. Biodiesel production from renewable energy sources are largely preferred owing to its environment friendly and cost effective economic benefits. Nevertheless several lim...

In the recent past, the nanobiotechnology field has grown up tremendously with more applications because the synthesis process will be more practically possible techniques. Since, plant-derived biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles is superior since its eco-friendly, cost-efficient, speedy process in nature. Alginate-based eco-friendly, biodegradabl...

In this work, Annona squamosa seed oil (ASSO) was extracted using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) and converted into fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) by ultrasound-assisted transesterification (UAT) using methanol and KOH. The multivariable process of UAE and UAT was optimized using a response surface methodology (RSM). The experimental data we...

The present study addresses the significant utility of Used Palm oil Methyl Ester (UPOME) and enhancing the capabilities by adding butyl ferulate. This phenolic antioxidant ester was synthesized using Rhizopus nevius lipase immobilized onto cuttlebone. The butyl ferulate synthesis was monitored in RP-HPLC and confirmed via GC-MS. Concurrently, UPOM...

The evolution of computer vision and image processing system paved the way that any technologists can extract quantitative data sets from the visual results of an image. Digital image processing (DIP) technique precisely measures and quantifies the image and eliminate the subjectivity of manual interpretation. DIP is a non-destructive, inexpensive...

Production of biodiesel from microalgae can be categorized as a symbiotic engineering solution focusing on energy and environmental problems. This review presents a collection of recent methods adopted for the production of biodiesel from microalgae. Microalgae are tiny cell factories which yield a large quantity of biomass by employing different m...

In this study, the sponge-associated a potential endosymbiotic bacterium, Bacillus subtilis MKU SERB2 was identified and optimized the production of exopolysaccharide (EPS) by using response surface methodology (RSM). The central composite rotatable design (CCRD) exhibited the highest yield of EPS (617.81 μg/mL) obtained from the optimized medium c...

Musa paradisiaca L. blossom petal (MPBP) fibers are extracted from banana plant agro-based domestic waste. The properties of MPBP fibers were reported for the first time in this communication. X-ray diffraction analysis showed the crystallinity index and size of 56.71% and 16.38 nm, respectively. The thermogravimetric analysis indicates that the MP...

Water is one of the essential elements for the survival of life on earth. But recent studies show that about billions of litres of wastewater effluents are released into the fresh water and marine system, which results in water pollution. The comparative study shows that chemical effluents are being treated, while the wastewater from the food indus...

The present study explores the applicability of endoskeleton powder from cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) as an adsorbent for removal of chlorpyrifos, a noxious pesticide which causes neuronal disorders in human by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase. The physiochemical properties such as surface area, particle size, elemental analysis, functional group...

This study emphasis the production of yellow pigment from endolichenic Bacillus sp. isolated from the lichen Dirinaria aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J. Moore. Yellow pigment-producing twenty different strains were investigated. The hyperactive pigment-producing bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus gibsonii based on 99 % sequence similarity. M...

The phyllosphere referred to the total aerial plant surfaces (above-ground portions), as habitat for microorganisms. Microorganisms establish compositionally complex communities on the leaf surface. The microbiome of phyllosphere is rich in diversity of bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, cyanobacteria, and viruses. The diversity, dispersal, and commun...

Plants play a vital role in maintaining the balance in the ecosystem by regulating oxygen and carbon dioxide present in the atmosphere and by providing food for various organisms as primary producers. When the physio-chemical properties of the ecosystem are affected by the industrialization, the balance of the ecosystem is disrupted even to the mic...

A paper-based device (PBD) for the detection of chlorpyrifos pesticide at field application was fabricated based on the principles of enzyme inhibition and image processing. Rhizopus niveus lipase, p-nitrophenol palmitate and Whatman No.1 paper were used as an enzyme, substrate and support matrix, respectively. The performance of functionalized PBD...

A low-cost Kodo millet bran residue was utilized as feedstock for the production of D (-) lactic acid (DLA) using Lactobacillus delbrueckii NBRC3202 under anaerobic condition. Data culled from a series of batch fermentation processes with different initial Kodo millet bran residue hydrolysate (KMBRH) and DLA concentrations were used for kinetic mod...

The body to build proteins can use l-Glutamic acid (l-GA). Earlier it was obtained from plant sources, later on microbes have been explored for the production. Corynebacterium glutamicum is a prominent organism used to harvest the glutamic acid. Submerged fermentation was adopted for l-GA production. Various nitrogen/carbon substrates used to find...

High performance natural cellulosic fiber can contribute to fiber-reinforced polymer composites or as organic fillers through replacement of the synthetic or man-made fibers. The natural fibers extracted from various parts of plant sources provides healthy and sustainable environment. Hence, the present work aimed to identify agro-residues of Cajan...

D-lactic acid (DLA) serves as a key monomer enhancing both the mechanical and thermal properties of Poly(lactic) acid films and coatings, extensively used in the food packaging industry. Economically viable production of optically pure DLA by Lactobacillus delbrueckii NBRC3202 was achieved using a low–cost carbon source, Kodo millet bran residue hy...

This study emphasis the production of yellow pigment from endolichenic Bacillus sp. isolated from the lichen Dirinaria aegialita (Afzel. ex Ach.) B.J. Moore. Yellow pigment-producing twenty different strains were investigated. The hyperactive pigment-producing bacterial strain was identified as Bacillus gibsonii based on 99 % sequence similarity. M...

Remains of farming and agro-industrial residues are abundantly available for value-added product synthesis through biorefineries. A proper utilization of agro-based feedstocks will ensure greater environmental and economic benefits. However, the multiple pretreatment processes, outweigh the advantages of lignocellulose mass utilization in biorefine...

Many bacteria, fungi, plants and several animals produce pigments as secondary metabolites. Especially, the pigments produced by photosynthetic organism plays a vital role in protecting photo-oxidative damage. In recent years, endo-symbionts of lichen have been reported for many novel metabolites and multifunctional bioactivities. Hence, the presen...

Pectin was extracted from the waste custard apple peel using ultrasound technique and optimized the extraction process by RSM. The various significant process parameters such as liquid-solid ratio, ultra-sonication time, temperature and pH of solution were studied in the range of 10-25 mL g-1, 10-30 min, 50-80 °C, and 1-3, respectively. The maximum...

This study reports on the delignification of Prosopis juliflora biomass using microwave‐assisted alkaline pretreatment. Response surface methodology was employed to analyze the effect of process variables on delignification. Four independent process variables such as microwave irradiation power (270–450 W), microwave irradiation time (3–5 min), alk...

The chemical microstructural, physical, and thermal properties of the Morus alba L. stem fibers (MAFs) are described for the first time in this work. By analyzing the results of chemical composition, it was observed that the cellulose content of the stem of MAFs is an acceptable value when compared with other fibers and showed better results. Due t...

The present study explore the applicability of endoskeleton powder from cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) as an adsorbent for removal of chlorpyrifos; a noxious pesticide which inhibit acetylcholinesterase in human leading to neuronal disorders. The surface area, mean pore diameter and mean particle size of the cuttlebone powder (CBP) were determined...

The global demand for lactic acid (LA) derivatives, requires feedstocks that are economically viable and environmentally sustainable. Kodo millet bran residue (KMBR) was therefore examined as an alternative feedstock. For the production of enantiomeric excess d (−) lactic acid (DLA), from KMBR, the acid hydrolysis (AH) and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH)...

Techno-econmoic feasibility of D (-) lactic acid (DLA) production using a agro-industry waste byproduct, Kodo millet bran residue (KMBR) is addressed in this present study. The acid hydrolysis (AH) and enzymatic hydrolysis (EH) parameters were optimized using response surface methodology (RSM) and artificial neural network converged with genetic al...

The exhaustive usage of fossil resources and earnest environmental threats as represented by global warming, has made an impact in search alternative viable biomass for sustenance of bioprocessing industries. Lactic Acid (LA) is an important multifaceted chemical that can be produced from biomass. It has applications in food, pharmaceuticals, packa...

Parmotrema austrosinense(Zahlbr.) Hale is one of the lichens used as spices and also it has medicinal property. The goal of this investigation was to assess the antioxidant, reducing power, free radical scavenging and antiphyto pathogenic effect of P. austrosinense. Lichen sample was extracted with different solvents - benzene, methanol, chloroform...

Wedelia chinensis, a perennial herb of the family Asteraceae, is used traditionally in ayurvedic, siddha and Unani system of medicines. The plant has been extensively used in inflammations, helmintic diseases and liver disorders. This excessive pharmaceutical application has led to serious shortage of the plant in natural habitat. In vitro culture...

Objective: The objective of the present study is to explore novel drug lead constituents from Andrographis paniculata for the treatment of Parkinson’s disease. Methods: Phytoconstituents from A. paniculata were screened, and their activity against the monoamine oxidase B (MAO-B) protein was analyzed using Molegro Virtual Docker software. The bindin...

Tuberculosis is leading cause of death among the global bacterial infections. The main causative for tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which will survive in its host human being for decades in latent or chronic levels. In addition, the late multidrug resistance at a disturbing rate accompanies the appearance of tuberculosis. The quick spr...

As like humans having the ability to precipitate minerals in the form of bones and teeth continuously, even some bacteria like Bacillus pasteurii and Bacillus sphaericus can continuously precipitate calcite, called as microbiological induced calcite precipitation. The present investigation discusses on the effects of B. pasteurii and B. sphaericus...

Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles has a prospective to develop simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly method for production of technologically important materials. The present investigation demonstrates the role of rice rhizosphere Streptomyces sp. mediated silver nanoparticles in bio control of various plant fungal pathogens and nosocomial inf...

Microbial synthesis of nanoparticles has a prospective to develop simple, cost-effective and eco-friendly method for production of technologically important materials. The present investigation demonstrates the role of rice rhizosphere Streptomyces sp. mediated silver nanoparticles in bio control of various plant fungal pathogens and nosocomial inf...

As like humans having the ability to precipitate minerals in the form of bones and teeth continuously, even some bacteria like Bacillus pasteurii and Bacillus sphaeri-cus can continuously precipitate calcite, called as microbiological induced calcite precipitation. The present investigation discusses on the effects of B. pasteurii and B. sphaericus...

Background L-glutamic acid is one of the major amino acids that is present in a wide variety of foods. It is mainly used as a food additive and flavor enhancer in the form of sodium salt. Corynebacterium glutamicum (C. glutamicum) is one of the major organisms widely used for glutamic acid production. Methods The study was dealing with immobilizat...

Biological application of nanoparticles is very much interesting and increasingly recognized for their utility especially in bio-nanomedicine. The present investigation was biological synthesis of cadmium nanoparticles using Bacillus cereus and toxic effect on prokaryotic pathogens. UV spectrum, XRD and SEM analysis of the cadmium sulfide nanop...

In this study, a hybrid system of response surface methodology followed by genetic algorithm has been adopted to optimize the production medium for L-glutamic acid fermentation with mixed cultures of Corynebacterium glutamicum and Pseudomonas reptilovora. The optimal combination of media components for maximal production of L-glutamic acid was foun...

Lichens and cyanobacteria of forest and other environmental conditions often enhance the growth and essential elements uptake to associated herbs and they also enhance the fertility of soil and maintain the nitrogen content. Thus, cyanobacteria and lichens including cyanolichens plays significant role in mineralization, maintenance of soil texture,...

Microbial synthesis of nanocomposite is a green chemistry eco-friendly method. It is a branch of nanoscience for biomedical applications that interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. It is only recently that microorganisms have been explored as potential biofactories for synthesis of metal nanoparticles and nanocomposites. By this...

Microbial synthesis of nanocomposite is a green chemistry eco-friendly method. It is a branch of nanoscience for biomedical applications that interconnects nanotechnology and microbial biotechnology. It is only recently that microorganisms have been explored as potential biofactories for synthesis of metal nanoparticles and nanocomposites. By th...

To evaluate the antibacterial properties of Allium sativum (garlic) cloves and Zingiber officinale (ginger) rhizomes against multi-drug resistant clinical pathogens causing nosocomial infection. The cloves of garlic and rhizomes of ginger were extracted with 95% (v/v) ethanol. The ethanolic extracts were subjected to antibacterial sensitivity test...

A large number of different microorganisms are commonly found in the soil including bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes, protozoa and algae of these bacteria are by far the most common type of soil micro organism possibly because they can grow rapidly and have the ability to utilize a wide range of substances as either carbon or nitrogen sources. Use of...

The cellular carbohydrate, protein and fatty acid content of three cyanobacterial strains belong to the genera Aphanocapsa sp. (NTK28) and Nostoc species (NTK29 and NTY30) isolated from cyanolichens analyzed. Among the three cyanobacterial species, Nostoc sp. (NTK 29) showed the maximum of total carbohydrate, protein and lipid content about 25, 15...

An enumeration of 48 species belonging to 23 genera and 12 families of lichens from Kollihills, Namakkal District of Tamil Nadu is provided. Species of the lichen genera Heterodermia, Parmotrema and Pertusaria dominates the area.

Dried and ground peel biomass, ripe waste banana and Hydrolyzed peels of green and red banana used for bio ethanol production by Saccharomyces cerevisiae with shake flask culture. The substrate was given with different concentration as 1%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10% (w/v) along with 1% inoculum. Saccharomyces cerevisiae exhibited maximum yield of ethan...

Lichen (Collema auriforme) collected from Kolli Hills of Tamil Nadu, India and two symbiotic cyanobacteria (Aphanocapsa sp. NTK28, and Nostoc sp. NTK29) were taken for screening antibacterial activity. Alcohol and acetone were used as solvents for extraction of compounds from lichen and symbiotic cyanobacteria. Four clinical isolates of Pseudomonas...