IoT Based Gas Detection System

Abstract

Places like industries, hotels, canteens, laboratories, etc. make use of various kinds of flammab le gases for examp le, LPG, c arbon dio xide, ammon ia, etc. The use of these gases puts all the places mentioned above at risk leading to a threat to damage of life and property due to any kind of leakage of these gases. Safety becomes of utmost importance. This factor leads to a necessity of a gas detection system to be installed at such accident-prone locations for continuous monitoring of any kind of leakage which can not be detected by the human senses. The proposed system will continuously monitor the surroundings for any leakage. In case of any leakage detection, it will alert the user via a buzzer and by using the Ethernet shield module and an Android application; it will alert the user about the environmental conditions like the gas level and temperature of that location of installation using social med ia sites like Twitter or v ia an email notification.

Full text

International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2017 10251 http://ijesc.org/
ISSN XXXX XXXX © 2017 IJESC
IoT Based Gas Detection System
Shruti Bhoir1, Snehanjali Goregaonkar2, Prof. Shilpa Satre
Department of Information Technology
Bharati Vidyapeeth College of Engineering, Navi Mumbai, India
Abstract:
Places like industries, hotels, canteens, laboratories, etc. make use of various kinds of flammable gases for example, LPG, carbon
dioxide, ammonia, etc. The use of these gases puts all the places mentioned above at risk leading to a threat to damage of life and
property due to any kind of leakage of these gases. Safety becomes of utmost importance. This factor leads to a necessity of a gas
detection system to be installed at such accident-prone locations for continuous monitoring of any kind of leakage which can not
be detected by the human senses. The proposed system will continuously monitor the surroundings for any leakage. In case of any
leakage detection, it will alert the user via a buzzer and by using the Ethernet shield module and an Android application; it will
alert the user about the environmental conditions like the gas level and temperature of that location of installation using social
media sites like Twitter or via an email notification.
Keywords: gas detection, leakage, alert, prevention
I. INTRODUCTION
Safety plays an important role in today’s world as accidents are
prone to happen anywhere. Places which make use of
flammable and not easily detectable gases are prone to
occurrence of accidental fires. The Internet of Things is a
futuristic technology in which interconnection of devices and
the Internet is proposed. The automation of many daily chores
can be make possible by this. In the proposed gas detection
system, we will make use of IoT to detect leakage and alert the
user along with preventing any further leakage of the gas.
Toxic gases are one that cause serious health impacts, but are
also used in industries in large quantities. These gases have to
be monitored; such that increase in the normal level of them
could be known and proper precautionary measures can be
taken. Arduino will be used to perform the desired task by
interfacing gas sensor, buzzer and LCD to display, ethernet
shield to send alert message to the user via an Android
application and servo motor to close the gas valve. The system
will detect the gas leakage by using gas sensor and it will
inform the Arduino board which will carry out the further
actions i.e. ringing buzzer, closing gas valve, turning on
exhaust fan.
II. PROBLEM STATEMENT
The requirement of a gas detection system is not only to
monitor the surroundings continuously but also needs to
prevent the further leakage of gas in the environment to
minimize the chances of fire. Leakage of any type of gas has
become a problem in present times whether it is in regards to a
domestic household, factory, kitchens in restaurants, canteens,
etc. A gas leakage detection system makes use of gas sensors
(depending on the requirement of the place). The proposed
system makes use of an MQ6 sensor for detection of LPG
leakage. The primary objective of the present project is to
provide a novel means for safely detecting any malfunction of
a pressurized gas system in order to prevent accumulation of
combustible gases so that damage or explosion due to such an
accumulation of gases is prevented.
III. LITERATURE REVIEW: In reference to [1], two main
modules i.e. the detection and transmission module and the
receiver module are used. The former module is sued for
detecting the change in the concentration of the gas by making
the use of a sensing circuit which is built for this purpose.
Whether the gas concentration has exceeded a certain pre-
defined threshold or not is checked in this module. On sens ing
a change in the concentration of the gas, an audiovisual alarm
is activated and a signal is sent to the receiver module.
Mobility within the house is allowed with the receiver module
acting as a mobile alarm device. This system used LPG for
testing and after changes in the gas concentration, the alarm
was triggered. This system makes use of PIC-16F877
microcontroller and RF transceiver. In reference [2], This
system is put together for monitoring leakage of gas and
preventing any leakage. The system can be divided into three
modules or steps. Firstly, the MQ6 gas senor senses any leaked
gas. Secondly, the gas sensor sends a signal to the ARM
controller. After this, an activation signal is sent by the
microcontroller to the devices attached to it externally. Lastly,
various functions by devices like buzzer, exhaust fan, sprinkler
are performed and the GSM module is activated which then
sends SMS to the already specified mobile numbers. This
system makes use of GSM module and an ARM based
microcontroller LPC2148. In reference [3] In this system, a
home automation system is proposed using Arduino, which is a
low cost microcontroller and an Android mobile phone. The
programming of Arduino can be done in such a way that it can
receive keyboard input or sensor data for controlling a number
of electrical appliances which are connected to output
peripherals. With mobile phone being a wireless
communication device, the Arduino and smart phone are
connected using Bluetooth which is a short range wireless
communication technology for indoor environment. Wireless
connectivity is established using an external HC-05 Bluetooth
module as there is no in-built Bluetooth radio in an Arduino
micro-controller unit. On the connection of the home
appliances to the Arduino board, they can be easily controlled
inside a smart home using any Bluetooth enabled smart phone.
IV. PROPOSED SYSTEM
The proposed system (fig. 1) makes use of ATmega 328
mircrocontroller. Arduino UNO board is used as a base for the
whole system. The system consists of an MQ-6 gas sensor
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International Journal of Engineering Science and Computing, April 2017 10252 http://ijesc.org/
attached to it along with a thermostat. These two devices sense
the gas levels and the temperature of the surroundings where
the system is installed and show the output i.e. the readings on
an LCD display. An Ethernet shield is attached to the Arduino
UNO board which is loaded in the program code for sending
alert to the user. Once the gas levels increase above a pre-
defined level (250 PPM for the proposed system), the device
sends an alert notification to the user. The user can control
devices attached to the system via a relay like, exhaust fan,
light bulb, buzzer/alarm and a motor for closing the gas valve.
These devices can be switched on/off by the user using an
Android application which supports the Arduino configuration
(Blynk application).
Figure.1. Microcontroller
MICROCONTROLLER: Based on the ATmega328
(datasheet), the Arduino Uno is a microcontroller board It
consists of 14 digital input/output pins (of which 6 can be used
as PWM outputs), a 16 MHz crystal oscillator 6 analog inputs,
a USB connection, an ICSP header, a power jack and a reset
button. You just have to simply connect it to a coputer with a
USB cable or power it wih an A C to DC adapter or battery to
get started as it contains everything it nees to support the
microcontroller.
GAS S ENSOR: The MQ6 is an easy-to-use LPG (Liquefied
Petroleum Gas) sensor which is highly suitable for sensing
LPG, which is mainly co mposed of butane and propane,
concentrations in the air. Gas concentrations of anywhere from
200 to 10000ppm can be detected by MQ6 sensor. The sensor
comes with a very high sensitivity and a fast response time.
The output of this sensor is an analog resistance. You only
have to power the heater coil with 5V, add a load resistance
and connect the output to an ADC, which makes the drive
circuit very easy.
ETHERNET SHIELD: An Arduino board can be connected
to the internet by using an Ethernet Shield. This shield is based
on the Wiznet W5100 ethernet chip. A network (IP) stack
capable of both TCP and UDP is provided by the Wiznet
W5100. Upto four simultaneous socket connections are
supported by it. The Ethernet library can be used to write
sketches which connect to the internet using the shield. By
using long wire-wrap headers, which extend through the
shield, the Ethernet shield can be connected to the Arduino
board. By this, the pin layout can be kept intact and another
shield can be stacked to the top.
ANDROID APPLICATION: Blynk is a platform available
with iOS and Android apps used to control Arduino, Raspberry
Pi and the likes over the Internet. Blynk is a digital dashboard
which lets you build a graphic interface for your project by
simply dragging and dropping widgets.
V. CONCLUSION
The proposed system makes the gas detection and its
prevention easier for kind of user, whether technically sound or
not. This system wirelessly transfers alert notification to the
user and the user can easily connect the devices through a
smartphone from any location. This easy control over the
devices like exhaust fan makes the surroundings less accident-
prone. Using the Arduino microcontroller also makes the
system cheaper. Easy access and control makes the system
very useful.
VI. REFERENCES
[1]. Luay Fraiwan, Khaldon Lweesy, Aya Bani-Salma, Nour
Mani, “A Wireless Home Safety Gas Leakage Detection
System”. Biomedical Engineering (MECBME), 2011 1st
Middle East Conference on 21-24 Feb. 2011.
[2]. Harshada Navale, Prof. B.V.Pawar, “Arm Based Gas
Monitoring System”. International Journal Of Scientific &
Technology Research Volume 3, Issue 6, June 2014.
[3]. Kumar Mandula, Ramu Parupalli, CH.A.S.Murty,
E.Magesh, Rutul Lunagariya, “Mobile based Horne
Automation using Internet of Things(IoT)”. 2015 International
Conference on Control, lnstrumentation, Communication and
Computational Technologies (lCCICCT).