Shi Hailiang

Hefei Institute of Physical Sciences(HIPS), Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS) · Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics

The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument is based on the spectroscopic principle of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology and has the characteristics of no moving parts, a hyperspectral resolution, and a large luminous flux. The instrumental line shape function is one of the most important parameters characterizing the features of the instru...

Ozone absorbs ultraviolet radiation, which has a significant impact on research in astrobiology and other fields in that investigate the middle and upper atmosphere. A retrieval algorithm for ozone profiles in the middle and upper atmosphere was developed using the spectral data from the TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI). A priori ozone...

The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument is based on the spectroscopic principle of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology and has the characteristics of no moving parts, hyperspectral resolution, and large luminous flux. The instrumental line shape function is one of the important parameters characterizing the characteristics of the instrume...

The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument is based on the spectroscopic principle of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology and has the characteristics of no moving parts, hyperspectral resolution, and large luminous flux. The instrumental line shape function is one of the important parameters characterizing the characteristics of the instrume...

The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument is based on the spectroscopic principle of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy technology and has the characteristics of no moving parts, hyperspectral resolution, and large luminous flux. The instrumental line shape function is one of the important parameters characterizing the characteristics of the instrume...

The Atmospheric Infrared Ultra-Spectral Sounder (AIUS) is China's first infrared occultation spectrometer onboard the GaoFen-5 satellite. This instrument provides measurements in the near- infrared and mid- infrared spectral regions with a spectral resolution of 0.02 cm $^{-1}$ , monitoring key greenhouse gases like methane (CH $_{4}$ ). In this...

Coal-fired power plants, as major anthropogenic CO2 emission sources, constitute one of the largest contributors to global greenhouse gas emissions. Accurately calculating the dispersion process of CO2 emissions from these point sources is crucial, as it will aid in quantifying CO2 emissions using remote sensing measurements. Employing the Lagrangi...

The greenhouse gas monitoring instruments were carried on the Gaofen-5-II satellite, which was launched into orbit from the Taiyuan Satellite Launch Center on September 7, 2021. In order to improve the on-orbit data quantification level, a calibration device based on diffuse reflector system was designed, which can realize on-orbit spectral and rad...

Satellite remote sensing is currently the best monitoring means to obtain global carbon source and sink data. The United States, Japan, China and other countries are vigorously developing spaceborne detection technology. However, the important factors that restrict the application of greenhouse gas satellite remote sensing technology include the li...

The Greenhouse gases Monitoring Instrument on GaoFen-5 satellite-II (GMI-II) uses spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) for quantitative monitoring of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG). Unlike the traditional SHS, the interferometer component of the GMI-II was designed with zero optical path difference offset, effectively improving spectral resolu...

Interference data obtained by a spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) is subject to various error factors and suffers from complex phase distortion. Traditional phase correction methods, such as the Amplitude, Merzt, and Forman methods, extract phase distortion in the spectral domain and correct it, which cannot effectively correct spatial phase di...

The Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Instrument (GMI), carried by Gaofen 5 (GF5-01), and the Hyperspectral Observation Satellite (GF5-02) were successfully launched on 9 May 2018, and September 7, 2021, respectively, and are the only passive greenhouse gas payloads in China that can regularly obtain effective detection data in-orbit at this stage. Before...

The Greenhouse Gases Monitoring Instrument (GMI), on board the Chinese Gaofen-5 (GF-5) satellite, provides rich observation data for the global remote sensing of atmospheric CO2. To meet the high-precision satellite retrieval needs of atmospheric CO2, this paper designs a coupled bidirectional reflectance distribution function (BRDF) CO2 retrieval...

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) has advantages of hyperspectral, high luminous flux, and high stability. However, its main performance indexes, such as spectral resolution, bandwidth, dynamic range and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) are all limited by the performance parameters of the area array detector. In this paper, a digital micromirror dev...

Considering the distribution characteristics of interference data of a temporally and spatially modulated spatial heterodyne interference imaging spectrometer, an algorithm based on spatial dimension baseline of interference data for the detection and correction of invalid data is proposed. The intensity ratio of the target interference data far aw...

The Greenhouse Gas Monitoring Instrument (GMI) is a short-wavelength infrared (SWIR) hyperspectral-resolution spectrometer onboard the Chinese satellite GaoFen-5 that uses a spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) interferometer to acquire interferograms. The GMI was designed to measure and study the source and sink processes of carbon dioxide and me...

AIUS (Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sounder) is an infrared occultation spectrometer onboard the Chinese GaoFen-5 satellite, which covers a spectral range of 2.4–13.3 μm (750–4100 cm−1) with a spectral resolution of about 0.02 cm−1. AIUS was designed to measure and to study the chemical processes of ozone (O3) and other trace gases in the uppe...

OH radicals in the upper and middle atmosphere are important oxidants and play an important role in atmospheric photochemistry. A hyper-resolution spectrometer based on 308 nm glow was developed for obtaining OH radical concentration data in the upper and middle atmosphere. In order to verify the performance of the OH radical hyper-resolution spect...

AIUS (Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sounder) is an infrared occultation spectrometer onboard the Chinese GaoFen-5 satellite, which covers a spectral range of 2.4--13.3 μm (750--4100 cm-1) with a spectral resolution of about 0.02 cm-1. AIUS was designed to measure and to study chemical processes of ozone (O3) and other trace gases in the upper...

The hydroxyl (OH) radical is the most important oxidizing agent in the photochemical reactions which helps to understand the atmospheric components and photochemistry events in mesosphere. OH radical's solar resonance fluorescence A ² Σ ⁺ -X ² Π(0, 0) is the excited emergent light by solar radiation around 308 nm. Hyper-spectral Resolution Spectrom...

Greenhouse gas monitoring instruments (GMI) are spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) sensors that monitor greenhouse gases (GHG) from space. Due to several kinds of polarization-sensitive optical elements in GMIs, to some extent, the instrument becomes a polarization-sensitive sensor. Its polarization sensitivity will reduce the radiometric accura...

Hydroxyl, one of the principal oxidants in the atmosphere, determines the density of ozone and other greenhouse gases even the change of climate. In order to achieve high resolution vertical profiles of OH radical in mesosphere, an accurate forward model should be built up for its retrieval. In this paper, this forward model simulates limb-scattere...

We use an ultra-spectral resolution spectrometer for mesospheric OH radicals to obtain a high resolution direct solar spectrum in the wavelength of 308 nm based on spatial heterodyne spectroscopy techniques and the sun direction equipment. By removing the dark current and baseline, phase correction and Fourier transform, we get spectra from interfe...

A hyper-resolution spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) used for hydroxyl radical OH detection with limb observations from a satellite is presented. The SHS instrument, consisting of two 1-D imaging channels in two orthogonal observation directions at different time for the same volume with the aid of the movement of the satellite platform, can ge...

In consideration of technical characteristics of the infrared hyperspectral interferometric spectrometer, we analyze the formation mechanism of nonlinear responses of its detector. The influences of second-order and third-order nonlinear responses on spectra are studied by means of simulating interference data with high-order nonlinear errors. An i...

AIUS (Atmospheric Infrared Ultraspectral Sounder) is an infrared occultation spectrometer onboard the Chinese GaoFen-5 satellite, which covers a spectral range of 2.4–13.3 μm (750–4100 cm−1) with a spectral resolution of about 0.02 cm−1. AIUS is designed to measure and study chemical processes of ozone (O3) and other trace gases in the upper tropos...

The wind detection in the upper atmosphere plays an important role in understanding the dynamics and actinochemistry, building the atmospheric dynamic model, offering the long term weather forecast and guaranteeing the development of aeronautics and astronautics. Doppler Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne (DASH) technique is proposed to detect the wind...

The mesospheric region exists a lot of complex photochemistry reactions and dynamical processes, which plays an important role in affecting the dynamics in global circulation models and the safety for aircrafts. And gravity wave is a significant dynamical factor in thermodynamic structure and circulation structure. However, because of rare atmosphe...

Raman spectroscopic detection is one of the suitable methods for the detection of chemical warfare agents (CWAs) and simulants. Since the 1980s, many researchers have been dedicated to the research of chemical characteristic of CWAs and simulants and instrumental improvement for their analysis and detection. The spatial heterodyne Raman spectromete...

The general expression about signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in spatial domain and spectral domain of spatial heterodyne spectrometer is deduced considering the primary noise, and the relationship between SNR and instrumental characteristic parameter is analyzed, which includes spectral resolution, spatial resolution, degree of interferogram modulation...

The Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne (DASH) interferometer provides the capability to retrieve wind speed in the upper atmosphere. The data processing leads to a significant retrieving error with the development of wind precision. The influence of window parameters on the isolated interferogram is analyzed theoretically. Based on the derivatio...

A Doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne interferometer can be used to detect Doppler frequency shift of airglow spectrum lines of the O2 band, and thus the wind speed in the high-level atmosphere can be retrieved. The absolute phase frequency shift of interference fringes caused by wind speed is small, and the absolute phase drift caused by system...

Spatial heterodyne Raman spectrometer (SHRS) is a new developing spectrometer to detect Raman spectra with many advantages over traditional instruments. Several research teams have demonstrated the detection ability of SHRS by experiments and theoretical estimation. However, there still lack descriptions of the spectral restoration method for SHRS....

It can't satisfy the requirement of correction for response non-uniformity at systematic levelif only if the array detector for spatial heterodyne spectrometer is corrected. Traditional methods, such as irradiation with uniform source and column-flat-fielding, are not suitable for spatial heterodyne spectrometer. The article expounds convection arm...

Spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy (SHRS) is a new type of Raman spectroscopic detection technique with characteristics of high optical throughout, high spectral resolution, and no moving parts. SHRS is very suitable for the planetary exploration missions, which can be used to the analysis of minerals and find the biomarkers maybe exist on the s...

The narrow band filter is used in spatial heterodyne spectrometers to limit the spectral range of the instrument and to avoid spectral overlapping. Due to the change of the filter transmittance with incidence angles, the emergent optical field from the collimating system is non-uniform at different wavelengths. The optical field non-uniformity mech...

Comparing with traditional transmission imaging lens, the Offner refractive imaging lens has the advantages of wide band, small aberration, relatively large numerical aperture, compact structure and better space adaptability. In combination with the characteristics and requirements of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS), the Offner imaging lens a...

In order to screen a high-performance detector for spatial heterodyne spectrometer, a method of detector screening and testing is proposed. Parameters of detectors which influence the spectral reconstruction of spatial heterodyne spectrometer are determined by simulations, and the screen method based on these parameters are obtained. The experiment...

By using doppler asymmetric spatial heterodyne spectroscopy and doppler effect, the wind speed can be achieved through detecting the interferogram of airglow in the upper atmosphere. This paper mainly analyses the data processing method of the interferogram and then derive the interferometer phase in order to get the wind speed. Comparing with the...

To meet the commands of Spatial Heterodyne Spectrometer (SHS) based on Fourier Transform that are high spectral resolution, minimum distortion, homogeneous illumination, high signal to noise ratio and the limited resources of volume and weight, an imaging optical system of SHS was designed. According to the characteristic of spatial interference in...

The spectral information of interferogram is obtained by Fourier transforms with spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS). So the spectrum signal to noise ratio and spectrum quality are directly influenced by interferogram modulation efficiency. In view of the influence factors of interference fringe modulation is carried on the theory of quantitative...

Restrictive relationship exists between spectral resolution, spectral range and number of pixels of traditional Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS). The main difference between Asymmetric Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (ASHS) and SHS accelerates the space of one grating from the beamsplitter. It greatly increases spectral resolution while system...

The detection of hyper-spectral atmosphere CO2 needs remote sensor to be characterized and calibrated precisely while spectral calibration is the most basic work. The high uncertainty of wavelength calibration coefficient is a big problem as to the traditional laboratory calibration methods. In order to solve this problem, the research of error cor...

Aiming at SHS blind-data error and analyzing the formation mechanism and distribution characteristics, a global threshold judge method and windowing technique are proposed, which combines the detection and repair of interferogram blind-data. Through blind-data correction experiment on continuous light sources and atmospheric carbon dioxide absorpti...

Spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy (SHRS) is a type of method for the detection of Raman spectra and can achieve a very high spectral resolution. SHRS has no moving parts and can be built with rugged, compact packages, making it extremely suitable for planetary exploration. However, if a high spectral resolution is needed, a traditional one-dime...

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy(SHS)is a novel method for hyper-spectral analysis, and instrument line shape function is one of the basic performance parameters, which should be precisely characterized. Based on the analysis of the influence factors(apodization, limited angle, abaxial detector element) and special requirement for measuring method a...

The spectral response of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is determined by the spectrum property of narrow-band filter. As discussed in previous studies, the symmetric heterodyned interferogram of high frequency waves modulated by SHS and lack of sample lead to spectral confusion, which is associated with the true and ghost spectra. Because of...

Spatial heterodyne Raman spectroscopy (SHRS) is a new type of effective method for the analysis of structure and composition of liquid and solid targets with the characteristics of no moving parts, high spectral resolution, high optical throughput and large field of view. The technique is very suitable for detecting the targets from long distances...

The new method of the field widened prism and spacers in SHS are validated through a serial of simulations and experiments, and it gives a theoretical explanation of the spectrum shift and stretch in previous processing to recover the spectrum.

To study the thermal effort on optical properties of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS), the relation between the change in temperature and the degradation of optical properties was analyzed, including collimator lens, imaging lens and interferometer unit. The theoretical model was verified and corrected by simulation and thermal-optical test, w...

The spatial heterodyne spectrometer used for high precision atmospheric CO2 remote sensing adopts array detector to collect the two-dimensional interferogram at the same time. According to the response nonlinearity and non-uniformity existing in array detector simultaneously, the influence on the interferogram and the recovered spectrum is analyzed...

According to the characteristics of supper-resolution, spatial interference and narrow bandwidth of spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS), the principle and requirement of calibration are analyzed, the methods of spectral calibration using tunable uniform planar radiances and the radiometric calibration with sphere are presented, the calibration sy...

The system performance index of spatial heterodyne spectrometer (SHS) influenced by elements tolerances, which include the angle tolerances, thickness tolerances, index of inconsistency and so on, is analyzed through processing interference images with non-sequence model of spatial heterodyne spectroscopy. Following the grade of the manufacturing t...

The remote sensing application of Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS) in carbon dioxide detection is introduced. Firstly, important indexes for precision carbon dioxide detection are analyzed, such as spectral bands, resolution and SNR. And then, the spatial heterodyne spectrometer's components indexes are calculated. Aerial experiments over farm...

Aiming at the characteristics of novel spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS), the phase error mechanism is studied, and the actual phase of each wavelength is calculated using tunable lasers and the theoretical phase is acquired by frequency calibration, and the phase error is eliminated according to convolution in the frequency domain. Using measu...

In connection with the new spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS), integrated grating diffraction and space interference, a study on the spectral calibration technology is done. From interference mechanism of SHS, the spectral calibration difference between SHS and traditional dispersive spectrometer is analyzed, study on ILS, spectral resolution, b...

The necessity of using high-resolution near infrared spectra in space-based atmospheric CO2 detection is discussed. According to simulation results, some key parameters such as detection band, spectral resolution and signal to noise ratio (SNR) for space-based CO2 detection are analysed. Based on these simulated parameters, a spatial heterodyne spe...

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is a novel method for hyperspectral analysis, but the calibration methods have not been thoroughly studied. The present paper gives some basic theories of SHS, and investigates the laboratory calibration methods, including spectral calibration and radiometric calibration. According to emission lines and the rel...

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) experimental system based on 940 nm water vapor absorption band is introduced. According to analysis of spectral resolution and bandwidth for water vapor detection, the system parameters are designed and the experimental equipment is developed. The performance test using tunable laser and cathode hollow lamp, a...

Spatial heterodyne spectroscopy (SHS) is an imageable spectroscopic technique with high sensitivity, and it can obtain high spectral resolution. According to these features, a line-by-line calculation method is presented for SHS observations, which is fit for the horizontal sounding of water vapor without other gas absorptions. Absorption coefficie...

Focusing on simulation of Spatial Heterodyne Spectroscopy (SHS), the emulational calculation of different characteristic light source is described. Based on the basic concept, configuration of system and the relationship between systemic parameter and interference, the conceptive simulations of monochromatic source and continuum spectrum source are...