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J. Expt. Biosci. 13(1): 31-42, January 2022 ISSN 2223-9626 (Online) ISSN 2070-3358 (Print)
www.bioscience-associates.com
31
EFFECT OF VARIED NUTRIENT LEVELS ON THE GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND YIELD OF
BANGLADESH SESAME (SESAMUM INDICUM L.) VARIETIES
Mohammad Malek
1
, Md. Hazrat Ali2, Md. Fazlul Karim3, Md. Jafar Ullah3, Alok Kumar Paul4, Md.
Moniruzzaman5 and Sheikh Muhammad Masum6*
*Corresponding Author’s email: smmasum607@yahoo.com
Abstract
The study was carried out to evaluate some sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) varieties under different nutrient
management strategies for enhancing the productivity. The experiment had different nutrient levels nutrients
and different varieties of sesame tested in a split-plot design with three replications. The main plots had nutrient
levels viz., 75% of the recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF), 100% RDF, 125% of RDF, and 150% of RDF,
whereas the subplots included six sesame varieties viz., Lal til (local), Atshira (local), T6, BARI til 3, BARI til
4 and Bina til 2. RDF had a nutrient schedule of 56:72:23 kg N, P2O5, and K2O ha-1. Results revealed that
nutrient levels, although 150% of the RDF showed the highest growth parameters in most of the cases, 100%
of the RDF produced the highest seed yield (1223 kg ha-1). Among the sesame varieties, BARI til 4 showed
the highest values in most of the growth and yield contributing parameters giving the highest seed yield of 1170
kg ha-1. In case of interactive effects of 100% of RDF with variety BARI til 4 had significantly the highest
seed yield of 1481 kg ha-1.
Key words: Sesame, nutrient levels, varieties, growth, yield, Bangladesh
Introduction
Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) is branded as the queen of vegetable oil because of its extraordinary oil
content, appealing nutty aroma, and flavor (Weiss, 2000) and is traditionally categorized as a health food
in Asian countries (Zenawi and Mizan, 2019). It is originated in south-western Africa, from there it might
have come into the Indian subcontinent through Malayan and Indonesian regions probably before the
Aryans came into this region. It belongs to order tubiflorae, family Pedaliaceae, which consists of 16 genera
and about 60 species. Sesame is commonly known as “Till” in Bengali.
In Bangladesh, sesame occupies a remarkable area under production and contributes second-ranked
production after mustard. Although at present about 3, 21,338 hectares of land are under sesame cultivation
with a production of 19795 metric tons (BBS, 2000), land area and production under sesame cultivation is
decreasing day by day. Whereas, in 1995-96, sesame cultivated land was about 77 thousand hectares (BBS,
1996). Compared to other sesame-producing countries, the sesame yield is meager, and local oil sufficiency
is still not enough. Thus, annual imports of soybean and palm oil are considered sufficient for local oil
consumption. Export of good-quality sesame seeds from the country and selling low–standard-quality seeds
in the local market for the domestic oil industry result in inedible oil with poor quality and low recovery.
Bangladesh’s annual edible oil consumption has risen to over one million tons due to population growth
and food business development (BBS, 2020). Consequently, under consumer’s health awareness, high-
quality edible oil is imported from Malaysia, Indonesia and India. However, the climatic and edaphic
conditions of Bangladesh are quite suitable for the cultivation of sesame. As sesame can be grown in a wide
range of environments, extending from semi-arid tropics and subtropics to temperate regions.
Consequently, the crop has a large diversity in cultivars and cultural practices. The crop is cultivated either
as a pure stand or as a mixed crop with upland rice, jute, groundnut, millets, and sugarcane.
In Bangladesh, sesame is usually sown after the main crop, on relatively poor soils, resulting in low yields
of about 350 kg ha-1 (BARI, 2013). Soil degradation and nutrient depletion have become serious threats to
agricultural productivity in Bangladesh. Nutrients supply is essential for plant growth. Few studies have
1
Farm Management Wing, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka, 2Fast Capital University of Bangladesh,
Chuadanga 3&6Department of Agronomy, 4Department of Soil Science, Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University, Dhaka
5Govt. Kaligonj Sramik College, Gazipur, Bangladesh.
Malek et al. 2022
32
found that sesame has not responded to chemical fertilizer application. This might be since local varieties
of this crop have adapted to low soil fertility while new cultivars positively respond to fertilizers (Babajide,
2013). There are several modern varieties available in Bangladesh; but, the farmers are continuing to grow
local varieties. Besides, inappropriate use of fertilizers is one of the major production constraints. As a
result low sesame yields in Bangladesh. Contrariwise, the adoption of sustainable variety and maintenance
of nutrient status in the soil would fulfill the objective of maximizing the yield of sesame (Miah, 2015).
Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the growth accumulation capacity and distribution pattern
in local and modern varieties of sesame with the application of inorganic NPK fertilizers levels.
Materials and Methods
The experiment was carried out at the research field of the Agronomy Department, Sher-e-Bangla
Agricultural University, Dhaka during March-June 2014. The experimental field was located at 90° 33′ E
longitude and 23° 71′ N latitude at a height of 9 m above the sea level. The climate of the experimental area
was sub-tropical and was characterized by high temperature, heavy rainfall during Kharif-1 season (March-
June), and scanty rainfall during Rabi season (October-March) associated with moderately low temperature
(Khanam, 2016). The land belongs to the Agro-ecological zone “Madhupur tract” (AEZ-28) having the
Red Brown Trace Soils of Tejgaon series. The soil of the experimental site was well-drained and medium-
high. The physical and chemical properties of the soil of the experimental site are silty clay in texture and
having soil pH varied from 5.45-5.61. Organic matter content was very low (0.83). The soil physical
components such as sand, silt, clay content were 26%, 45%, and 29%, respectively, organic carbon 0.45,
total N 0.61%, K 0.11 meq 100g soil-1, and P, S, B, and Zn 0.65, 7.74, 0.35 and 3.99 µg g-1 ppm,
respectively.
The experiment consisted of two factors with four nutrient levels and six varieties in a split-plot design
(Table 1). Laltil variety was collected from Ullapara, Sirajgonj, Bangladesh. Atshira variety was collected
from Khoksha, Kustia, Bangladesh. T6, BARI til 3, and BARI til 4 varieties were collected from
Bangladesh Agricultural Research Institute (BARI), Joydeppur, Gazipur. Bina til 2 variety was collected
from the Bangladesh Institute of Nuclear Agriculture (BINA).
Table 1. Treatments of the experiment
Main plot treatments
Nutrient levels
N1
=
75% of RDF(43:54:23 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1)
N2
=
100% of RDF(58:72:30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1)
N3
=
125% of RDF(72:90:38 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1)
N4
=
150% of RDF(86:108:45 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1)
Sub-plot treatments
Varieties
V1
=
Laltil (Local)
V2
=
Atshira (Local)
V3
=
T-6
V4
=
BARI til-3
V5
=
BARI til- 4
V6
=
Bina til 2
RDF = Recommended dose of fertilizer (as per fertilizer recommended guide, 2012, BARC)
The fertilizers used in the study were urea, Tripple superphosphate (TSP), and Murate of potash (MoP) to
supply N, P, and K, respectively, supplied from SAU farm stock. Before sowing, a germination test was
carried out in the laboratory, and the percentage of germination was found to be over 95. Row spacing was
done in the prepared flatbed surface at a spacing of 30 cm. A uniform seed rate was followed for each plot
and mixed with 4 times its volume of dry sand for line sowing following different line-to-line distances.
Seeds were placed 2-3 cm depth and then rows were covered with loose soil properly. The thinning
J. Expt. Biosci. 13(1): 31-42, January 2022 ISSN 2223-9626 (Online) ISSN 2070-3358 (Print)
www.bioscience-associates.com
33
operation was done for ensuring the exact plant populations. All other recommended agronomic practices
were followed (BARI, 2013). Regular observations were made to see the growth stages of the crop.
Data were collected on growth/morphological characters and yield. Standard procedures were followed to
collect the parameters. Random samples of ten plants, in each plot, were taken to estimate the following
characters; plant height (cm), number of branches plant-1, number of leaves plant-1, leaf area index (LAI),
dry weight plant-1, absolute growth rate (AGR), crop growth rate (CGR), and relative growth rate (RGR).
The plots, leaving the borders, were harvested to estimate seed yield (kg ha-1).
The LAI was worked out by using the formula of Hunt (1978).
2
2
Total leaf area (cm )
LAI = Unit land area (cm )
AGR expresses the dry matter accumulation per unit time and was calculated by using formula suggested
by Radford (1967) and expressed in g plant-1 day-1.
21
21
(W - W)
AGR = (t - t )
Where, W1 = dry weight of the plant at time t1; W2 = dry weight of the plant at time t2; t2 and t1 = time
interval in days. CGR is the rate of dry matter production per unit of ground area per unit of time (Watson,
1952) and was worked out by the formula.
22
1
-1
1
2
-
(W - W)
CGR = (t -t )
1gcm day
A
Where, W1 = dry weight of the plant at time t1; W2 = dry weight of the plant at time t2; A = land area
covered by the plant in cm2; t2 and t1 = time interval in days. RGR indicates the rate of increase in dry
weight per unit of dry weight already present and was calculated by the formula given by Blackman (1919)
and expressed in g g-1 day-1.
-1 -1
e 2 e 1
21
log W - log W
RGR = gg day
( t - t )
Where, W1 = dry weight of the plant at time t1; W2 = dry weight of the plant at time t2; t2 and t1 = time
interval in days. The data collected on different parameters were statistically analyzed to obtain the level
of significance by using the MSTAT-C computer package program. The significant differences among the
treatment means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level of probability
(Gomez and Gomez, 1984). Results and Discussion
Different nutrient levels applied to different sesame for different varieties showed a significant variation in growth
parameters (Table 2a&b). Results revealed that higher nutrients levels applied to the soil for sesame showed higher plant
height at all growth stages whereas lower plant height was observed with the application of lower nutrient rates.
Concerning nutrient levels, application of 150% of RDF (N4) enrolled the tallest plants (29.93, 84.55, 106.00, 118.00, and
133.00 cm at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively). The shortest plant (26.27, 76.54, 99.27, 107.20, and 124.40
cm at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively) was recorded with 75% of RDF (N1). Among the varieties, V5
(BARI til-4) recorded the maximum plant height (31.00, 86.44, 106.90, 117.90, and 134.70 cm at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS
and at harvest, respectively). The lowest plant height (24.92, 73.82, 96.97, 105.60, and 121.40 cm at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS,
and at harvest, respectively) was observed with local variety V2 (Atshira). The combination between different nutrient
levels × varieties, N4V5 registered the maximum plant height (33.97, 93.49, 113.80, 129.20, and 139.10 cm at 30, 45, 60,
75 DAS and at harvest, respectively). The shortest plants were recorded with N1V2 (23.15, 70.90, 93.69, 102.80, and
112.90 cm at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively). It was found that the application of N2 (100% of RDF)
signed up the highest number of branches plant-1 (0.611, 3.11, 3.50, 4.11, and 5.39 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest,
respectively). The lowest number of branches plant-1 (0.00, 2.61, 3.00, 3.00, and 4.28 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest
respectively) was recorded from 75% of RDF (N1). Among the different sesame varieties, the maximum number of
branches plant-1 (1.10, 3.42, 4.00, 4.67, and 5.83 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively) was obtained from V5
(BARI til-4).
Malek et al. 2022
34
The least number of branches plant-1 (0.00, 2.58, 2.75, 2.75, and 3.91 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively)
was observed with local variety V1 (Lal til). Results indicated that combination N2V5 listed the maximum number of
branches plant-1 (2.00, 3.67, 4.33, 5.33, and 6.67 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively). During the cropping
season, all growth stages under observation, the lowest number of branches plant-1 was recorded from N1V1 (0.00, 2.33,
2.33, 2.33, and 3.00 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively). Results revealed that higher nutrients levels applied
to the soil for sesame showed a higher number of leaves plant-1 at all growth stages. It was found that the application of
150% of RDF (N4) showed the highest number of leaves plant-1 (11.44, 52.67, 73.50, 96.33, and 81.33 at 30, 45, 60, 75
DAS and at harvest, respectively). The lowest number of leaves plant-1 (10.17, 44.83, 67.39, 84.61, and 62.22 at 30, 45,
60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively) was recorded with 75% of RDF (N1). Among the different sesame varieties,
tested V5 (BARI til-4) recorded the maximum number of leaves plant-1 (12.50, 58.58, 78.50, 103.90, and 95.57 at 30,
45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively). The least number of leaves plant-1 (9.67, 42.42, 64.08, 79.92, and 53.83 at
30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively) was observed with local variety V1 (Lal til). The combination between
different nutrient levels × varieties, N4V5 registered the maximum number of leaves plant-1 (13.67, 65.00, 82.00, 111.30
and 109.00 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest respectively), the lowest number of leaves plant-1 was recorded with N1V1
(9.00, 38.00, 60.67, 70.00 and 41.33 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively).
LAI was influenced due to different nutrient levels (Fig. 1 A). Concerning various nutrient levels, 150% of RDF (N4)
showed the maximum LAI (1.57, 2.24, 3.58, 4.92, and 3.43 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest respectively. The lowest
LAI (0.94, 1.87, 2.52, 3.58, and 2.45 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively) was recorded from 75% of RDF
(N1). Leaf area index (LAI) of sesame was influenced significantly by the different varieties (Fig. 1 B). Among the different
sesame varieties, the maximum LAI (1.57, 2.44, 3.63, 5.00, and 3.49 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively)
was obtained from V5 (BARI til-4). The lowest LAI (0.76, 1.70, 2.37, 3.25, and 2.35 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at
harvest respectively) was observed with local variety V1 (Lal til). Significant influence was found in terms of the
combined effect of different nutrients and varieties regarding LAI (Table 3). Results revealed that there was no significant
effect on LAI at 30 DAS but at 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest significant variation was found. Results indicated that
combination between different nutrient levels and varieties, N4V5 listed the maximum LAI (2.96, 4.63, 6.32, and 4.18 at
45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest respectively). Under the observation of all growth stages, the lowest LAI was recorded
from N1V1 (1.12, 1.67, 2.88, and 1.60 at 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively).
Dry weight plant-1 was found significant due to different levels of nutrients at different growth stages (Fig. 2 A). About the
effect of different nutrient levels, it was found that the application of N2 (100% of RDF) marked the highest dry weight
plant-1 (1.86, 3.56, 18.13, 28.85, and 54.83 g at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively). The lowest dry weight
plant-1 (1.37, 2.86, 13.09, 26.52, and 47.00 g at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively) was recorded from 75%
of RDF (N1). Dry weight plant-1 of sesame was influenced significantly by the different varieties (Fig. 2 B). Among the
different sesame varieties, the maximum dry weight plant-1 (1.91, 3.94, 18.66, 28.67, and 55.71 g at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS,
and at harvest, respectively) was obtained from V5 (BARI til-4). The lowest dry weight plant-1 (1.15, 2.45, 9.90, 26.36,
and 43.84 g at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS, and at harvest respectively) was observed with local variety V1 (Lal til). Significant
influence was found in terms of the combined effect of different nutrients with different varieties of sesame regarding dry
weight plant-1 (Table 3). Results indicated that combination between different nutrient levels and varieties, N2V5 listed the
maximum dry weight plant-1 (2.31, 4.50, 22.45, 35.48, and 63.13 g at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively).
Under the observation of all growth stages, the lowest dry weight plant-1 was recorded from N1V1 (0.87, 2.11, 8.75, 21.42,
and 40.43 g at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and at harvest, respectively).
J. Expt. Biosci. 13(1): 31-42, January 2022 ISSN 2223-9626 (Online) ISSN 2070-3358 (Print)
www.bioscience-associates.com
35
Table 2a. Effect of nutrient levels, variety, and their interaction effect on growth contributing parameters of sesame
Treatment
Plant height (cm)
Number of branches plant-1
Number of leaves plant-1
30
DAS
45
DAS
60
DAS
75
DAS
At
harvest
30
DAS
45
DAS
60
DAS
75
DAS
At
harvest
30
DAS
45
DAS
60
DAS
75
DAS
At
harvest
Nutrient levels
N1
26.27
76.54
99.27
107.2
124.4
0.00
2.61
3.00
3.00
4.28
10.17
44.83
67.39
84.61
62.22
N2
27.34
78.61
100.3
108.6
127.8
0.61
3.11
3.50
4.11
5.39
11.33
51.72
73.06
95.17
81.83
N3
28.61
81.32
102.7
112.3
131.1
0.22
3.06
3.44
3.78
5.06
11.28
50.78
72.11
93.78
77.78
N4
29.93
84.55
106
118
133
0.33
3.06
3.56
3.72
5.22
11.44
52.67
73.5
96.33
81.33
LSD0.05
0.720
0.866
0.873
1.014
1.175
0.104
0.146
0.127
0.254
0.227
0.227
0.675
0.769
0.966
1.137
Varieties
V1
24.58
74.20
96.34
106.2
123.3
0.00
2.58
2.75
2.75
3.92
9.67
42.42
64.08
79.92
55.83
V2
24.92
73.82
96.97
105.6
121.4
0.00
2.58
2.83
2.92
4.17
9.83
43.33
63.83
81.92
56.75
V3
28.57
80.9
103.20
111.6
130.6
0.00
3.00
3.33
3.58
5.08
11.17
50.00
72.17
93.92
78.25
V4
29.93
84.01
104.70
114.7
133.3
0.50
3.17
3.75
4.08
5.58
12.00
55.50
77.67
101.40
88.00
V5
31.00
86.44
106.90
117.9
134.7
1.08
3.42
4.00
4.67
5.83
12.50
58.58
78.50
103.90
96.75
V6
29.21
82.16
104.30
113.2
131.2
0.17
3.00
3.58
3.92
5.33
11.17
50.17
72.83
93.75
79.17
LSD0.05
1.056
1.209
0.777
1.242
1.439
0.097
0.228
0.280
0.241
0.252
0.419
0.883
1.496
1.441
1.617
Note: N1 = 75% of RDF (43:54:23 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N2 = 100% of RDF (58:72:30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N3 = 125% of RDF (72:90:38
kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N4 = 150% of RDF (86:108:45 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1); V1 = Lal til (Local), V2 = Atshira (Local), V3 = T-6, V4 = BARI
til-3, V5 = BARI til-4, V6 = Bina ti
Malek et al. 2022
36
Table 2b. Effect of nutrient levels, variety, and their interaction effect on growth contributing parameters of sesame
Combination of nutrient levels and varieties
30 DAS
45 DAS
60 DAS
30
DAS
45
DAS
60
DAS
75
DAS
At
harvest
30
DAS
45
DAS
60
DAS
75
DAS
At
harvest
30
DAS
45
DAS
60
DAS
75
DAS
At
harvest
N1V1
23.21
72.67
93.96
105.80
120.60
0.000
2.333
2.333
2.333
3.000
9.000
38.00
60.67
70.00
41.33
N1V2
23.15
70.90
93.69
102.80
112.90
0.000
2.333
2.667
2.667
4.000
9.000
38.67
61.33
74.00
43.33
N1V3
26.49
76.10
101.0
107.50
126.70
0.000
2.667
3.000
3.000
4.667
10.67
47.33
70.00
90.33
67.67
N1V4
28.33
80.58
102.5
109.60
128.80
0.000
2.667
3.000
3.000
4.667
10.67
48.33
71.00
91.00
76.00
N1V5
29.19
81.45
102.6
109.90
130.40
0.000
3.000
3.333
3.667
4.667
11.00
49.00
71.00
91.67
77.33
N1V6
27.23
77.53
101.8
107.50
126.90
0.000
2.667
3.333
3.333
4.667
10.67
47.67
70.33
90.67
67.67
N2V1
24.10
73.59
94.37
105.90
122.70
0.000
2.667
2.667
2.667
4.000
9.000
40.67
63.00
79.00
53.00
N2V2
24.47
74.02
96.19
106.10
123.10
0.000
2.667
2.667
3.000
4.000
9.667
43.67
63.00
82.33
53.33
N2V3
27.63
77.86
102.0
107.60
127.90
0.000
3.000
3.333
3.667
5.333
11.33
50.33
72.00
94.67
81.33
N2V4
29.45
82.31
102.8
110.00
131.10
1.000
3.333
4.000
5.000
6.333
12.67
58.33
80.67
106.7
94.33
N2V5
30.07
83.51
104.1
113.90
133.90
2.000
3.667
4.333
5.333
6.667
13.67
65.00
82.00
111.3
109.0
N2V6
28.30
80.36
102.4
107.90
128.00
0.667
3.333
4.000
5.000
6.000
11.67
52.33
77.67
97.00
87.00
N3V1
24.61
74.86
97.54
106.20
124.70
0.000
2.667
2.667
3.000
4.000
10.33
44.33
64.00
82.67
63.00
N3V2
25.69
74.92
98.60
106.70
124.90
0.000
2.667
3.000
3.000
4.333
10.33
45.00
65.00
84.67
64.67
N3V3
29.55
82.96
103.6
112.80
132.60
0.000
3.333
3.667
4.000
5.333
11.33
52.00
75.00
96.67
83.00
N3V4
30.55
85.11
104.8
115.60
134.70
0.667
3.333
4.000
4.333
5.667
12.00
58.00
78.67
102.0
87.33
N3V5
30.79
87.31
107.0
118.40
135.30
0.667
3.333
4.000
4.667
5.667
12.67
56.00
79.00
104.7
88.67
N3V6
30.45
82.75
104.6
114.30
134.70
0.000
3.000
3.333
3.667
5.333
11.00
49.33
71.00
92.00
80.00
N4V1
26.40
75.70
99.47
107.00
125.30
0.000
2.667
3.000
3.000
4.667
10.33
46.67
68.67
88.00
66.00
N4V2
26.38
75.45
99.41
106.90
124.90
0.000
2.667
3.000
3.000
4.333
10.33
46.00
66.00
86.67
65.67
N4V3
30.59
86.67
106.3
118.30
135.10
0.000
3.000
3.333
3.667
5.000
11.33
50.33
71.67
94.00
81.00
N4V4
31.41
88.02
108.6
123.70
138.50
0.333
3.333
4.000
4.000
5.667
12.67
57.33
80.33
106.0
94.33
N4V5
33.97
93.49
113.8
129.20
139.10
1.667
3.667
4.333
5.000
6.333
12.67
64.33
82.00
108.0
99.00
N4V6
30.85
87.99
108.5
123.10
135.30
0.000
3.000
3.667
3.667
5.333
11.33
51.33
72.33
95.33
82.00
LSD0.05
1.327
2.683
1.368
1.629
1.698
1.167
0.4903
0.5092
0.482
0.545
1.115
1.550
3.414
2.882
4.611
Note: N1 = 75% of RDF (43:54:23 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N2 = 100% of RDF (58:72:30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N3 = 125% of RDF (72:90:38
kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N4 = 150% of RDF (86:108:45 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1); V1 = Lal til (Local), V2 = Atshira (Local), V3 = T-6, V4 = BARI
til-3, V5 = BARI til-4, V6 = Bina til 2
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Table 3. Combined effect of different levels of nutrients and varieties on LAI and dry matter of sesame
Treatment
Leaf area index (LAI)
Dry weight plant-1 (g)
30 DAS
45 DAS
60 DAS
75 DAS
At harvest
30 DAS
45 DAS
60 DAS
75 DAS
At harvest
N1V1
0.52
1.12
1.67
2.88
1.60
0.873
2.110
8.753
21.42
40.43
N1V2
0.64
1.29
1.88
2.94
1.72
1.000
2.317
9.037
24.46
42.21
N1V3
1.00
2.07
2.73
3.60
2.70
1.553
3.083
14.55
26.59
48.67
N1V4
1.26
2.30
2.95
4.11
2.90
1.593
3.223
15.28
26.83
50.27
N1V5
1.23
2.55
3.10
4.20
2.98
1.623
3.257
15.76
27.14
51.55
N1V6
1.01
1.90
2.81
3.77
2.78
1.573
3.197
15.14
26.70
48.86
N2V1
0.74
2.33
2.48
3.18
2.53
1.240
2.580
10.30
24.73
45.36
N2V2
0.79
2.42
2.52
3.26
2.44
1.407
2.907
12.86
26.36
48.30
N2V3
1.01
2.11
2.83
3.90
2.80
2.010
4.133
19.57
30.26
58.81
N2V4
1.30
1.35
3.17
4.38
2.94
2.157
4.287
22.00
32.44
60.16
N2V5
1.43
1.92
3.22
4.52
3.30
2.313
4.497
22.45
35.48
63.13
N2V6
1.12
1.62
2.90
3.98
2.96
2.043
4.140
21.60
30.46
53.19
N3V1
0.81
1.86
2.56
3.33
2.60
1.097
2.393
9.333
24.65
42.81
N3V2
0.95
2.40
2.64
3.42
2.58
1.400
2.853
11.59
25.48
48.02
N3V3
1.34
1.77
3.20
4.41
3.12
1.883
3.963
17.08
27.75
55.55
N3V4
1.55
2.20
3.48
4.81
3.37
1.940
4.097
17.91
29.92
55.62
N3V5
1.65
2.32
3.55
4.94
3.48
1.973
4.120
19.39
29.98
57.23
N3V6
1.52
1.98
3.42
4.60
3.33
1.930
4.040
17.41
28.94
55.62
N4V1
0.98
1.48
2.77
3.62
2.66
1.373
2.717
11.20
25.16
46.76
N4V2
0.96
1.42
2.71
3.56
2.67
1.517
2.937
14.16
26.38
48.58
N4V3
1.61
2.25
3.52
4.87
3.55
1.677
3.413
16.18
27.20
52.02
N4V4
1.97
2.72
4.14
5.88
3.88
1.740
3.717
16.89
27.43
53.84
N4V5
1.99
2.96
4.63
6.32
4.18
1.737
3.903
17.05
27.73
54.45
N4V6
1.88
2.60
3.73
5.24
3.64
1.690
3.710
16.73
27.32
52.59
LSD0.05
NS
0.247
0.355
0.621
0.337
0.1375
0.2143
0.9032
0.9498
1.954
Note: N1 = 75% of RDF (43:54:23 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N2 = 100% of RDF (58:72:30 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N3 = 125% of RDF (72:90:38
kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N4 = 150% of RDF (86:108:45 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1); V1 = Lal til (Local), V2 = Atshira (Local), V3 = T-6, V4 = BARI
til-3, V5 = BARI til-4, V6 = Bina til 2
Malek et al. 2022
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Figure 1. LAI of sesame as influenced by different levels of plant nutrients (A) (LSD0.05 = 0.453, 0.458,
0.715, 0.894 and 0.834 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and harvest, respectively) and by different varieties
(B) (LSD0.05 = 0.637, 0.566, 1.229, 0.723 and 0.624 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and harvest, respectively)
Figure 2. Dry weight plant-1 of sesame as influenced by different levels of plant nutrients (A) (LSD0.05 =
0.209, 0.160, 0.302, 0.325 and 0.605 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and harvest, respectively) and by different
varieties (B) (LSD0.05 = 0.078, 0.104, 0.369, 0.370 and 0.275 at 30, 45, 60, 75 DAS and harvest,
respectively)
Absolute growth rate (AGR) was significantly influenced by different nutrient levels, varieties, and their combination
(Table 4). Results revealed that the highest AGR (0.815 g plant-1 day-1) was obtained from 100% of RDF (N2) followed.
The lowest AGR (0.681 g plant-1 day-1) was recorded from N1 (75% of RDF). Among the different sesame varieties,
the maximum AGR (0816 g plant-1 day-1) was obtained from V5 (BARI til-4). The lowest AGR (0.637 g plant-1 day-1)
was observed from local variety V1 (Lal til) followed by local variety V2 (Atshira).
Crop growth rate (CGR) was significantly influenced by different nutrient levels, sesame varieties, by the combined effect
of different nutrients and varieties (Table 4). Results revealed that the highest CGR (5.436 g cm-2 day-1) was obtained from
100% of RDF (N2). The lowest CGR (4.540 g cm-2 day-1) was recorded from N1 (75% of RDF. Among the different
J. Expt. Biosci. 13(1): 31-, January 2022 ISSN 2223-9626 (Online) ISSN 2070-3358 (Print)
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39
sesame varieties, the maximum CGR (5.442 g cm-2 day-1) was obtained from V5 (BARI til-4). The lowest CGR (4.248
g cm-2 day-1) was observed from local variety V1 (Lal til) followed by local variety V2 (Atshira).
Relative growth rate (RGR) was not significantly influenced by different nutrient levels, sesame varieties, by the combined
effect of different nutrients and varieties (Table 4). However, results revealed that the highest RGR (0.02312 g g-1 day-1)
was obtained from 75% of RDF (N1) while the lowest RGR (0.02254 g g-1 day-1) was recorded from 100% of RDF (N2).
The maximum RGR (0.02351 g g-1 day-1) was obtained from local variety V1 (Lal til) where the lowest RGR (0.02212
g g-1 day-1) was observed from V5 (BARI til-4). The maximum seed yield ha-1 (1170 kg ha-1) was obtained from V5
(BARI til-4) followed by V4 (BARI til-3). The lowest seed yield ha-1 (811.30kg ha-1) was observed from local variety
V1 (Lal til) followed by local variety V2 (Atshira). Results signified that combination between different nutrient
levels and varieties, N2V5 listed the maximum seed yield ha-1 (1481 kg ha-1). The lowest seed yield ha-1 was recorded
from N4V1 (670kg ha-1).
The application of nutrients plays an important role in the production of sesame in terms of different desired characters
(Shirazy et al., 2017). Sharma et. al. (2018) reported that the plant height was significantly influenced by
different fertilizer levels. Muhamman and Gungula (2018) observed that plant height increased with the
highest N level (90 kg N ha-1). Application of potassium @ 40 kg ha-1 significantly influenced the growth
attributes of Sesamum (Jadav et al., 2010). Tiwari and Namdeo (1997) stated that varieties differed
significantly with each other in respect of vegetative growth characters due to genetic variability. Similar
findings were observed by Channabasavanna and Setty (1992), Rao et al. (1990), Tiwari et al. (1996),
Kashani et al. (2015), and Patil et al. (1996). They observed that plant height varied significantly due to
varietal differences. Application of 75 kg N ha-1, 45 kg P2O5 ha-1 and 22.5 kg K2O ha-1 registered the
highest number of leaves Shehu et al., (2010). Patil and Jadhav (1996) and Shanker et al. (1999) and showed
a significant variation in the number of leaves plant-1 due to the cause of varietal performance. The number
of branches was higher with the application of 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 (Mian et al., 2011). Umar et al. (2012)
observed that varietal performance significantly influenced the leaf area index (LAI) of sesame. Kashani et al. (2015)
and Tiwari and Namdeo (1997) recorded significant differences in growth characters. They observed
significant variation on leaf area index (LAI) as compared to other Sesamum varieties and mutants.
Sharma et al. (2018) reported that the dry matter accumulation plant-1 was significantly influenced by
different fertilizer levels. Reddy et al. (2010) opined that Sesamum responded significantly up to 90 kg N
ha-1 in terms of plant dry weight over 60 kg N ha-1. Application of 75 kg N ha-1, 45 kg P2O5ha-1 and 22.5
kg K2O ha-1 registered the highest dry matter production (Shehu et al., 2010). Shanker et al. (1999), Kashani
et al. (2015), and Subrahmaniyan et al. (2001) also recorded significant growth characters like dry matter
production plant-1 as compared to other varieties.
The highest seed yield from 100% of RDF (N2) might be due to the higher number of capsules plant-1, number of seeds
capsule-1, capsule length, and 1000 seed weight with this treatment (data not shown). Seed yield increased for every
further increase in the rate of N and K application up to 80 and 60 kg ha-1, respectively (Mandal et al.,
1992). Nahar et al. (2008) indicated that the seed yield increased significantly up to 100 kg N ha-1.
Kathiresan (2002) indicated that the P level of 35 kg ha-1 influenced the seed yield of Sesamum. Mian et al.
(2011) opined that the highest seed yield was recorded with 90 kg P2O5 ha-1. Application of potassium
markedly percent of the recommended dose, the seed yield of sesame increased significantly
(Balasubramaniyan et al., 1995).
Although 150% of RDF gave the best performance in respect of growth parameters, in respect yield 100% of RDF gave
the highest seed yield (1223 kg ha-1). Therefore, according to the obtained results of the experiment, the use of 100%
percent of recommended fertilizers can be a solution to reduce consumption of chemical fertilizers; meanwhile, biological
destruction and pollution resulting from the use of these chemical inputs are prevented. Again, in consideration of variety,
the highest seed yield (1170kg ha-1) was found from BARI til-4. Therefore, the combined effect of nutrient levels,
100% of RDF and variety, BARI til-4 produced the highest seed yield (1481 kg ha-1). So, the treatment combination
of 100% of RDF and BARI til-4) can be considered as the best treatment to be practice for Bangladesh farmers. However,
to reach a specific recommendation the experiment may be repeated at different AEZs of Bangladesh
considering soil and climatic condition.
Malek et al. 2022
40
Table 4. Effect of nutrient levels, variety, and their combination effect on growth performance and
yield of sesame
Treatment
Growth performance
Seed yield ha-1 (kg)
AGR (g
plant-1 day-1)
CGR (g cm-2 day-
1)
RGR (g g-1 day-1)
Nutrient levels
N1
0.681
4.540
0.0231
971.30
N2
0.815
5.436
0.0225
1223.00
N3
0.758
5.053
0.0227
1042.00
N4
0.743
4.950
0.0226
924.00
LSD0.05
0.042
0.245
NS
13.43
Varieties
V1
0.637
4.248
0.0235
811.30
V2
0.678
4.523
0.0231
910.30
V3
0.776
5.172
0.0224
1063.00
V4
0.804
5.362
0.0229
1152.00
V5
0.816
5.442
0.0221
1170.00
V6
0.784
5.224
0.0223
1133.00
LSD0.05
0.037
0.149
NS
16.44
Combination of nutrient levels and varieties
N1V1
0.590
3.936
0.02483
908.00
N1V2
0.615
4.101
0.02433
965.30
N1V3
0.703
4.688
0.02240
974.70
N1V4
0.726
4.843
0.02293
990.70
N1V5
0.745
4.967
0.02207
1005.00
N1V6
0.706
4.707
0.02217
984.00
N2V1
0.658
4.390
0.02280
868.00
N2V2
0.699
4.667
0.02227
961.30
N2V3
0.848
5.652
0.02287
1161.00
N2V4
0.909
6.057
0.02273
1449.00
N2V5
0.910
6.067
0.02150
1481.00
N2V6
0.867
5.781
0.02310
1408.00
N3V1
0.622
4.151
0.02367
798.70
N3V2
0.696
4.640
0.02303
958.70
N3V3
0.801
5.336
0.02197
1105.00
N3V4
0.803
5.353
0.02367
1132.00
N3V5
0.825
5.498
0.02200
1135.00
N3V6
0.802
5.342
0.02163
1120.00
N4V1
0.678
4.517
0.02273
670.70
N4V2
0.703
4.683
0.02277
756.00
N4V3
0.751
5.010
0.02250
1011.0
N4V4
0.778
5.184
0.02230
1027.00
N4V5
0.787
5.245
0.02290
1059.00
N4V6
0.759
5.064
0.02227
1021.00
LSD0.05
0.033
0.180
NS
33.22
Note: N1 = 75% of RDF (43:54:23 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N2 = 100% of RDF (58:72:30 kg N, P2O5
and K2O ha-1), N3 = 125% of RDF (72:90:38 kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1), N4 = 150% of RDF (86:108:45
kg N, P2O5 and K2O ha-1); V1 = Lal til (Local), V2 = Atshira (Local), V3 = T-6, V4 = BARI til-3, V5 =
BARI til-4, V6 = Bina til 2
J. Expt. Biosci. 13(1): 31-, January 2022 ISSN 2223-9626 (Online) ISSN 2070-3358 (Print)
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41
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