Smart healthcare monitoring system using raspberry Pi on IoT platform

Abstract

In recent developments, the internet of things (IoT) creates an interconnected network for all things and is later recognized as renew technology. The healthcare sector has improved with this technology. Health problems in cardiovascular failure, lung failure and cardiovascular diseases are increasing day by day. These problems require a lot of health monitoring from time to time. A modern concept of patient health oversees wireless devices. This is a big improvement in the field of medicine. A doctor can constantly monitor the patient health without physically interact. Health specialists and technocrats have developed a wonderful, with a low expensive healthcare monitoring system for whom is bearing with several diseases using popular technologies such as wearable devices, wireless channels, and other remote instruments. As per that, doctors can diagnose the patient's disease with the doctor's device screen about his / her health condition from the patient's device, thus eliminates the number of the patient's presence in the hospital, also it provides the time for better treatment. Therefore, doctors are able to save human lives by providing quicker services to them. In this paper, IoT has become the best platform for various application services. Here, the Raspberry Pi used to develop this, because which works as a sensor node and as a controller. In this paper, a simple health monitoring system has been proposed to achieve a one-step ahead.

Full text

VOL. 14, NO. 4, FEBRUARY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
872
SMART HEALTHCARE MONITORING SYSTEM USING
RASPBERRY Pi ON IoT PLATFORM
K. Seena Naik and E. Sudarshan
S R Engineering College, Warangal, Telangana, India
E-Mail: seenasuna558@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
In recent developments, the internet of things (IoT) creates an interconnected network for all things and is later
recognized as renew technology. The healthcare sector has improved with this technology. Health problems in
cardiovascular failure, lung failure and cardiovascular diseases are increasing day by day. These problems require a lot of
health monitoring from time to time. A modern concept of patient health oversees wireless devices. This is a big
improvement in the field of medicine. A doctor can constantly monitor the patient health without physically interact.
Health specialists and technocrats have developed a wonderful, with a low expensive healthcare monitoring system for
whom is bearing with several diseases using popular technologies such as wearable devices, wireless channels, and other
remote instruments. As per that, doctors can diagnose the patient’s disease with the doctor’s device screen about his / her
health condition from the patient's device, thus eliminates the number of the patient's presence in the hospital, also it
provides the time for better treatment. Therefore, doctors are able to save human lives by providing quicker services to
them. In this paper, IoT has become the best platform for various application services. Here, the Raspberry Pi used to
develop this, because which works as a sensor node and as a controller. In this paper, a simple health monitoring system
has been proposed to achieve a one-step ahead.
Keywords: ECG, raspberry pi, internet of things, respirator sensor, temperature sensor, heart rate sensor, accelerometer sensor, BP
sensor.
1. INTRODUCTION
In recent years, health risks are growing daily at
high speed every day. Worldwide average births per year
are 131.4 million and death rate is 55.3 million. Sources:
population reference bureau & the world fact book. This is
a big problem around the world. Hence, it is time to
overcome such problems. The wireless sensor technology
provides information on various wireless sensors by
providing a change in diversity sensor technology. It
receives data about the human body temperature (BT),
blood pressure (BP), and heart beat (HB). This is
undoubtedly more accessible via IOT platform through the
Internet. The patient’s health history will be examined and
analyzed at any time and by any doctor. Patient health
information permanently stored on the server. This paper
provides a health monitoring system that identifies human
body conditions such as blood pressure, body temperature,
heart rate, ECG, respiration, accelerometer and more
information on the IOT server via wireless network
technology. In emergency situations, this system
automatically sent a warning message/call to the patient's
caregivers, to the hospital and also to the ambulance on if
any strange data detected.
An uninterrupted health record can be used to
identify the disease more effectively. Now-a-days, people
are getting more attention to preventing the disease at the
earliest stages. In addition, new generation mobile
technologies, and their services have been discussed with
different wireless networks.
Different sensors such as the ECG, BP,
temperature, acceleration and pulse rate for a few seconds
are used to gather body health parameter information for
the diagnosis.
The use of Raspberry Pi and IoT is satisfactory in
health supervision, and this paper gives the concept of
both platforms. A popular Raspberry Pi platform offers a
full Linux server on a small platform with IoT at a very
low price. Raspberry allows interface services and
mechanisms via the general purpose I/O interface. By
using this combination, the proposed structure is more
effective. An IoT is connecting the devices and which
provides the human interaction to a better life. This paper,
which provides an overview of health care management
technology, protects patients from future health problems,
and helps doctors to take the right measurements at the
appropriate time on the patient's health.
2. LITERATURE SURVEY
Matthew et al. [1] have discussed the ECG, the
rate of respiratory system, heartbeat and the temperature of
the body. These sensors have been connected with a
PIC16F887A micro-controller chip. Once data are
collected from sensors, data are manually uploaded. This
has been created an Android app and a web based
interface.
Soumya et al. [2] monitor the patient's ECG
waves using AT MEGA 16L Microcontroller. The ZigBee
module has been used to transfer ECG waves and data sent
to the nearest ZigBee connector.
Mohammad et al [3] oversees the OTG micro-
controller in the world. Android app used to create an
ECG monitoring system. The OTG micro-controller is
used to connect the USB cable to the mobile phone (or) a
wireless device. Once the data collected, that will be sent
to the mobile application as ECG wave format.
Dohr et al. [4] oversees the level of blood
pressure using a health care service kit (the Keep in

VOL. 14, NO. 4, FEBRUARY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
873
Touch. Here, the KIT is connected to the JAVA based
mobile phone via communication. After KIT will gather
the data and will send to the mobile phone. With the
webpage will monitor the blood pressure levels of the
patient.
Karandep et al. [5] is proposed to monitor the
heart beat using the C8051F020 micro-controller and also
the body temperature. We use to extract the data from
sensors and it would be transferred to the controller. This
has been connected with the ZigBee wireless device and
then transfer data to the nearest receiver.
S. Jassay et al [6] discussed about the human
body temperature using the Raspberry Pi platform for the
cloud. In this paper, Raspberry Pi monitors the patient's
body temperature and then these data have been
transferred via WSN. After that, the data has been added
into the cloud.
Mansor et al. [7] discussed an LM35 sensor, this
sensor can monitor body temperature using an Arduino
UNO board and it uses a SQL database format. The
Arduino UNO board is associated with the sensor for that
website. Though, we can monitor body temperature.
Nithin et al. [8] is monitors the human body
temperature, blood pressure, heartbeat. These sensors were
embedded with micro-controller AT Mega 32. And this
micro-controller yields a GSM. After, collection of data,
we need to perform diagnosis. If the diagnostic value is
lower than normal values, then the device can do an SMS
to the doctor.
Rajeev Pyare et al. [9] were implemented for
home appliances based on the Android mobile phone. The
Arduino UNO board used to connect light, fan, etc. And
also it can control and monitor domestic appliances
anywhere in the world using this Android app.
Majdi Bsoul et al. [10] is implemented an “Apnea
Med Assist” on an Android phone using support vector
classifier (SVC). Which achieves F-measure 90% and 96%
sensitivity after applies the efficient optimization in ECG
processing.
3. DEVICES IN AN IMPLEMENTATION
In order to implement the health analysis system,
it is necessary to identify the necessary health issues for
maintaining them. Usually, these sensors like temperature
sensor, BP sensor, heart rate sensor, an ECG sensor,
acceleration sensor, raspberry Pi with GSM have
discussed in the following.
A. ECG sensor
Electrocardiography (ECG) is used to record
heat-beat activities through on the top of the skin. It can
detect a change of an electric cylinder every minute on the
top of the skin. An ECG amplifier is the responsibility to
get qualified data. An electrocardiogram is a graphic
tracing of voltage produced by heart muscle during heart
rate. ECG is used to measure the heartbeat by using MCU.
Heart rate calculation is the main focus by the electrodes is
simplified to two connections, one for the right hand and
the other for the other.
B. Heartbeat sensor
It is used to measure the heartbeat of the patient.
Here, the heart rate sensor uses + 5V DC voltage. This
gives the digital result, which is placed on the hand artery
nerves. This works on the principle of light modulation
through the blood flow of the arterial nerve at each pulse.
The heart rate should be between about 60-100bpm.
C. Blood pressure sensor
Hypertension sensor measures blood pressure,
including systolic, diastolic pressure and pulse rate of the
body. This approach provides accurate and reliable results
than the sphygmomanometer. The existed procedure used
airborne gall bladder armor and a stethoscope to measure
the blood pressure. In general, blood pressure sensors
gather the blood pressure from the vessel walls or arteries.
D. Temperature sensor
This sensor measures the body temperature with a
voltage. The sensor LM35 has an advantage about
conversion from Kelvin to the centigrade, and is also
suitable for wireless applications and which is better than
the thermostat.
E. Acceleration sensor
The accelerometer sensor ADXL335 used here is
a full -3-axis accelerometer with small, thin, low power,
signal outputs. This measures the full range of acceleration
(± 3g). This sensor is able to find the gravitational fixed-
acceleration in various applications. The user sensor uses
the X, Y and Z capacitors at XOUT, YOUT, and ZOUT
pins. Bandwidths range from 0.5 Hz to 1600 Hz for X and
Y axes, and range from 0.5 Hz to 550 Hz for Z Axis.
F. Respiration
This sensor is able to finds breaths per minute in
humans. The regular respiratory rate of humans is 12 to 18
breaths per minute. Below the 10-year-old children will
breathe 30 to 60 per minute. Here, two sensors used to
measure the breath, which connected with the resistor
bridge network. The bridge network terminals are used to
connect the LM741 amplifier by an inverting input
terminal.
G. Raspberry pi
This device works well as a multi-processor. It
has a graphics card, a volatile memory, RAM, device
interfaces and other external wireless device interfaces.
This raspberry Pi is consuming very less power, but it is
still cheap and powerful. It requires a keyboard to provide
commands, display unit and power supplies as a standard
PC. Here, Raspberry Pi used the SD card as a hard disk.
Raspberry Piable to connect via a LAN / Ethernet or via a
USB modem or via wireless. Raspberry Pi is supposed to
support for various home and business applications.
Raspberry Pi runs on a Linux-based OS and which
operated by the Raspbian OS. Python is a programming
language used to implement the Raspberry-Pi. It is capable
of communicating with other external devices using

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©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
www.arpnjournals.com
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wireless communication technologies, cellular networks,
NFC, ZigBee, Bluetooth etc.
This paper was implemented on a fast network as
4G with the cellular network. Raspberry can be used for
many applications and so, it has many opportunities in the
future.
4. ARCHITECTURAL DESIGN
The connection between the different elements is
discussed with the following structure of the system. This
system designed in two parts. Hardware and software; in
the hardware unit consist of transmitters and receivers, and
the software unit includes, software languages like Python,
MATLAB, and their interface. Here we discussed useful
IoT applications for health monitoring. An IoT
application's simple operation stages A. Collecting the
data, B. Processing the data, C. Storage the data and D.
Transfer the data. Each app may have the processing of
first and last steps, but storage does not apply or apply to
certain applications.
As shown in Figure-1 the general architecture of
IoT has many components included radio transceivers, low
power multi-radio chips, RF component for wireless
connectivity etc.
Figure-1. General architecture of IoT.
Figure-2. Architectural design with raspberry pi.
As in the Figure-2 architectural diagram, above
the sensors have been connected with the patient’s skin
and the other end has been connected with The Raspberry
Pi board. Every sensor(s) value(s) is/are stored in the
server and also displayed very recent values. The
doctor/patient/guardian may see the patient's data along
with their corresponding login details. A doctor can see
the patient's history records and suggest changes in drugs
and prescription. Special IDs and passwords for patients
can see their records.
This application adopted the Raspberry tool, due
to the multi-capacity efficiency of low power
consumption. The system can be easily installed at the end
party and can be obtained from the database. And this data
is very valuable.
The system is mainly focused to know the
patient's health condition: The health parameter and get
the perfect result. A doctor regularly checks-up the
patient's health condition using some essential parameters.
This system is also useful for hospitals and clinics because
the system values parameters in real time. Through this
system, the doctor can be calibrated the patient's body
temperature, ECG, heart rate parameter efficiently and the
Raspberry device can store data temporarily. We are
receiving heart rate in the form of pulses; body
temperature in the form Celsius, ECG received in the form
of a percentage, and is displayed on a special health care
device or website.
Import all modules ’information to MySQL DB
using serial communication: Communicate ECG with the
raspberry device and find a heart rate from input source.
The updated information has been replaced at every
periodic time, this information has been used to check the
heartbeat is the normal range or not, if not alert to the
authorized person, the hospital ambulance via GSM
modem with an automatic call, otherwise it will supervise
continuously.
5. THE PROPOSED METHOD
The proposed system has been connected sensors
within their respective ways. The device receives the data
from the sensors, and integrated these with the board.
Raspberry Pi is the major tool in the proposed system; it is
connected to all other sensors. Raspberry Pi works at 5V
DC power supply. All sensors do not use the same power;
here we supposed to use transformers for handling them.
In this, we used a step down the transformer with (0-9, 15-
0-15) V/1A values. These could be converted from the
voltage 230V is into 0-9V and 15-0-15V and then it sends
to switch mode power supply (SMPS). There are three ICs
in this circuit, namely 7805, 7812, 7912 and also used +
5v, + 12v, -12v volts respectively. Then these diodes are
used to change the wavelength from AC to DC. So there is
a 1000uf capacitor to get electricity supply and then the
sensor power supply is connected.
Raspberry Pi
Monitor
Keyboard
Mouse
Power
Supply
ECG Sensor
Acceleration
Sensor
Blood
Pressure
Sensor
Temperature
Sensor
Transformer
Respiratory
Sensor

VOL. 14, NO. 4, FEBRUARY 2019 ISSN 1819-6608
ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences
©2006-2019 Asian Research Publishing Network (ARPN). All rights reserved.
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875
Figure-3. The virtual architectural model of IoT.
IR transmitter and receiver used to measure the
heartbeat. The normal heart rate for healthy humans is 60
to 100 bpp. Pulse rate sensor infrared rays will pass over
blood nerve, where the IR transmitter and receiver will
check the blood flow between them. LM324 OP-AMP is
used to amplify the signal. Then the TTL voltage is given
to the base of a signal BC-557 (PNP) and BC547 (NPN)
conversion transistors to change the 0 to 5v level. Finally,
the TTL output is given to the Intersection of the 7414 IC
in the digital form to invade the pulse. Then the last square
wave signal is given to the raspberry.
The device is connected to the IoT server system,
which is connected to various sensors, and provides
services and controls over the network. The temperature
sensor, heart rate sensor, an ECG sensor, an acceleration
sensor and a pressure sensor device, all are interconnected
with this device. The generated results are displayed on
LCD monitor at every span of time on the user’s and
doctor’s device via internet; this could be synchronized
frequently, shown in Figure-3.
In this paper, the thermistor resistor is used to
measure human body temperature. This thermistor
resistance value decreases as the temperature value
increased. Potential divider Vout = Vin R2 / (R1 + R2); R1
resistor value 4.7K and R2 thermistor. If the resistor R2
temperature is obtained, the value of the input voltage
added to the resistor and this value is computed from the
value of the temperature. Then the value goes to the MCP
3208 IC and this work will use the analog to digital (ADC)
form and vice versa.
Respiration is several breaths per minute; these
are different age to age. The normal respiratory rate for all
humans is 12 to 18 breaths per minute. Below ten years
children will breathe 30 to 60 breaths per minute. In this
respiration measure, two surgeons are used to measure
respiration, which are connected to the resistor Bridge
Network. Bridge Terminals Input Terminals of Operating
Amplifier LM741 are connected with inverters and
inverts. A thermostat is used for respiration and the other
is used as a measurement room temperature. The next
phase of the difference amplifier, voltage Om-AMP will
filter errors and its converged output voltage varies by 12v
to -12v square wave pulse computer. Transistor-Transistor
Logic (TTL) passes the pulse (BC547), and final pulses
are forwarded to the raspberry monitor on a storm rate.
The device is connected to the IoT server system,
which is connected with several sensors, and provides
services and controls over the network. The temperature
sensor, heartbeat sensor, an ECG sensor, an acceleration
sensor and a pressure sensor device, all are interconnected
with the Raspberry Pi device. It generated information at
every span of time and this displayed on LCD user devices
and also on the doctor’s device, those should be
synchronized with the server system. Initially, which will
collect the data, process it and store information on the
Raspberry Pi memory after that, this is transferred to the
IoT server.
After receiving the sensor's data, healthcare
monitoring device will be processed clinical test
accordingly and the result should be in the safe range,
otherwise the device is issued SMS to the official
caregiver, specified physician and hospital.
6. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS
In this research analyzed the Raspberry-based
health monitoring system through IOT. There are two
ways to connect and operate the raspberry device; one is
directly connecting peripherals and the other way is to
connect the computer after install the putty software with
IP address, subnet mask, gateway to that system. If any
abnormalities notice in the patient health, this will directly
report to the authorized or guardian via GSM over the
network. The proposed method is modelled for impressive
features like easy to use; power consumption is very less
and understandable. This system is a good communicator
between patient and the doctor. As per that we
implemented this project and finds the output results have
been successfully validated.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I thank the Department of Computer Science and
Engineering of Sumathi Reddy Institute of Technology for
Women, Telangana, India for permission to use the
computational linguistics facilities available in the
Research and Development Center, which was set up with
the support of the Department of Science and Technology
(DST), New Delhi. This work proposes under the State
Science and Technology Program in 2018 (Temporary
Registration No.: TPN / 19183).
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