Smart Car Parking System using Wireless Sensor Networks

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Smart Car Parking System using
Wireless Sensor Networks
Sara Nayak
Information Technology
SIES Graduate School of Technology
Navi Mumbai, India
sarana y ak98@g mail.com
Reethika Renganathan
Information Technology
SIES Graduate School of Technology
Navi Mumbai, India
reethikar18@gmail.com
Ashwin Nair
Information Technology
SIES Graduate School of Technology
Navi Mumbai, India
as hwinnair311.ann @gmail.c o m
Leena Ladge
Information Technology
SIES Graduate School of Technology
Navi Mumbai, India
ladge.leena@siesgst.ac.in
Abstract— Wireless se nsor ne tworking (WSN) technology has
gaine d momentum in recent years. Due to the wide scope and
multi facete d imple mentation of wirel ess se nsor networks, th ey
have been extensively used to create intelligent systems.
In this paper, we have proposed a smart car parking system
using wirel ess sensor networks. The system allocates parking
slots to a use r (driver) on the basis of availability along with
efficientl y utili zing the e nti re parking capacity. Our approach
makes use of low-cost sensor nodes in each slot of the parking
lot, which signals the availabili ty of the sl ot. The status of
availabili ty is refl ected on a mobile applicati on call ed Blyn k, so
that the use r can park the car effi cie ntly. Users can save a lot
of time by not having to search for parking l ots that are free
and can reduce the usage of fuel to a great e xtent. The system
also util ize s ultrasonic se nsors to ensure that the vehicle has
been correctly parked with respect to the parking
infrastructure . Furthe rmore, the system employs a gas sens or so
that the le akage of flammable gases can be dete cted, which
makes it safe for the use rs. By ke eping the number of se nsors
low, cost is e ffectively managed without compromising on
reli ability. Thus, our smart car parking system project is an
innovative me thod for effectively managi ng the process of
parki ng.
Keywords—component; formatting; style; styling; insert (key
words)
I. INTRODUCT ION
In today’s busy and fast paced world, people want to reach
their destination as soon as possible. One major problem that
many people face is heavy traffic. Drivers s earching for
Saritha L.R
Information Technology
SIES Graduate School of Technology
Navi Mumbai, India
saritha.r@siesgst.ac.in
parking are estimated to be responsible for about 30% of
traffic congestion in cities [1].
This elevation in the number of cars affects both road
management and infrastructure management. When searching
for parking spaces the drivers tend to drive slowly which
decreases the fuel efficiency of the vehicle and causing traffic
congestion [1]. In order to tackle this problem, we must deploy
a relia b le in fras tru c t u re man ag e men t s y s t e m that will help in
u tilizin g ur ban ar eas mo re a nd re du ce th e c ongestion on roads .
The proposed smart parking system uses the concept of
wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A wireless sensor network
consists of a large number of low-cost sensor nodes which can
be self-organized to establish an ad hoc network via the
wireless communication module equipped on the nodes [2].
Our objective with this paper is to describe and implement a
smart car parking system using different sensors. The idea that
we want to convey regarding a smart parking system is that,
with the help of the internet of things combined with wireless
technology, we can create a system without the need for
extensive manpower. People who come in search of parking
spaces will be a b le t o p a rk t h e ir c a rs without needing assistance
for the same. This can be beneficial in terms of reducing labor
and also speeding up the entire process at the convenience of
the user. The demand for a smart parking system is believed to
increase at a fast rate in the near future. With wireless sensors
rapidly evolving in multiple engineering disciplines, there
currently exists a large number of different academic and
commercial wireles s sen s o r p lat forms [3]. In this work, we
have developed a smart car parking system that informs the
user about the availability o f t h e p a rkin g lo t s via LEDs thereby
Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Inventive Systems and Control (ICISC 2020)
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contributing considerably to saving fuel and time. The system
is highly cost effective as each lot is resourced with only one
proximity sensor, to detect the presence or absence of a car. In
addition to t hat, our system is safe, as it can detect the presence
of any flammable gas in the surrounding and immediately alert
the user with the help of a buzzer. With the help of a mobile
application called Bynk, the users can easily and conveniently
know the availa b ilit y o f s lo t s .
II. RELATED WORK
R. Elavarasi and P. K. Senthilkumar have used an Arduino
Me g a 2650 to co n tro l the p roc es s of parkin g . Only if a car is
present at the gate and slots are available inside, the barrier
gate opens. Proximity sensors are used to signal the
av a ila b ilit y o f t h e s lot to the micro c o n t ro ller. Slo t s are
allocated according to priority (the slot nearer to the entry gate
has a higher priority). When the barrier opens, the driver is led
to his slot with the LEDs pointing the direction. An alarm
indicates the exit of the driver to the nearby drivers s o that
co llis ion is a v o id e d .[4]
Abhirup Khanna and Rishi Anand in their paper have
proposed an onsite deployment of an IoT module that signals
th e a v a ilability of each parking space. The have also used a
mobile application that allows an end user to check the
av a ila b ilit y o f t h e s lot as we ll as book a slot. Payment is done
according to the amount of time during which the slot was
occupied. User ID, parking time and payment information is
stored in a cloud database.[5]
The paper by Srikanth S.V. et.al proposes a Smart Parking
(SPARK) Management System based on wireless sensor
network technology which provides advanced features like
remote parking monitoring, automated guidance, and parking
reservation mechanism. The overall system architecture of
SPARK is described including hardware to software
implementation. Their preliminary test results show that the
performance of this WSN based s ys tem can effectively satisfy
the needs and requirements of existing parking hassles thereby
minimizing the time consumed to find vacant parking lot, real-
time information rendering, and smart reservation
mechanisms.[6]
Jakir Hussain et.al have proposed a system in their paper [7] in
which the client obtains information regarding parking
through a mobile application. The user creates an account in
the application and logs in to book a parking slot. Once the
vehicle reaches the parking lot, the license plate number of the
vehicle is compared with the one stored in the database to
avoid unauthorized access. After the driver has occupied a
particular slot, the parking time starts. After the driver pulls
out of the s lo t for exiting, t h e b ill is s ent dire ctly to the
driver’s mail and it can be paid via cash or card.
Amin Kianpisheh et al. propose a new parking system called
Smart Parking System in their paper [8] which uses ultrasonic
sensors which work on echolocation to detect the occupancy
of slot. Improper parking of vehicles can be avoided using line
detection systems. It also includes display of available parking
spaces and the type of parking slot (using differently colored
LEDs). It has directional indicators towards parking spots to
make the location of vacant spots easier for the driver. The
paper reviews two types of detection technologies namely,
vision-based and sensor-based technology. LEDs are
connected with the ceiling mounted ultrasonic sensor using
phone cables. The system also includes a Touch’n’Go
payment module.
A smart parking system has been proposed by Ramya, B.S. et
al. in their paper [9] which focuses on providing the
av a ila b ilit y o f p a rking s lo t s as we ll as s ending the dat a
collected from the s ens ors[10-12] to a server which generates
a report that is useful for end users. IR sensors are used in
each slot of the parking area. LCD display shows the parking
status. The barrier opens when there is a car at the gate and
there is a vacancy in the parking lot. Whenever a car is parked
in the slot, the server is updated. K means clustering algorithm
is used to generate reports and draw meaningful conclusions
such as predicting the parking status on different days and
avoiding congestion.
III. COMPONENT S
The main components of this system are as
follows : -
a) Proximity sensors: - A proximity sensor is used to
detect the presence of any object that comes under its range.
It emits an electromagnetic field and s ens e the presence of
any object if there is any change in this field or if any signal
is returned. A proximity sensor that works on obstacle
detection (Infrared) module is used in this sys tem.
b) Ultrasonic sensors: - Ultrasonic distance sensor
module-HC-SR04 is mounted on the wall in our system so
that it could measure the distance between the vehicle and
the wall by emitting sound waves and waiting for these waves
to reflect; thereby calculating the distance and alerting the
parking authorities if the car has been parked too close to a
parking infras t ruct ure.
c) Gas sensors: - A MQ-2 gas sensor module for
Arduino was used to detect the presence of any
harmful/flammable gases at the parking area.
d) Arduino Board: - An arduino uno board is used to
control and work with the ultrasonic and gas sensors used in
this system. It can read the input and trigger the output as per
the working of the system. It is connected to the arduino IDE
(Integrated Development Environment) with the help of a
USB for coding and then uploading it for generating the
output.
e) Blynk Application: - The Blynk application is used
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for d is play ing the a v a ilability of t h e s lots wit h t h e h elp o f a
decent graphical user interface.
f) Nod e MCU: - A NODEMCU-ESP8266 W I-FI
module was used to connect the various components of this
sys tem with each other over the internet. It is a system
integrated chip used to monitor and analyze various
equipment.
IV. MET HODOLOGY
Rapid urbanization has provided us with innumerable
benefits and added a certain degree of comfort to the average
human lifestyle. However, it has also given birth to its fair
share of problems including, but not limited to, traffic
congestion and a limited availability o f parking s p ac e. As a
result, the process of parking has become chaotic and time
consuming for the driver. The search for a parking space
leads to congestion on the road and als o causes environmental
pollution due to fuel leakage. Therefore, a convenient way of
parking is an integral part of the urban lifestyle.
Our paper proposes a smart parking system which uses
wireless sensor networking technology. It is used to monitor
an d d is p lay the availa b ilit y o f eve ry sin g le parkin g slot. Th e
allocation of a parking slot is updated for the next incoming
driver to ensure that there is no conflict.
Th e availab ility of parkin g s lots c an be se en by th e
driver upon entering, based on the LED (Light Emitting
Diode) corresponding to the parking slots. If the green LED
is glowing, this implies that the slot corresponding to that
particular LED is empty. If the green LED is switched off,
this implies that the slot corresponding to that particular
LED is occ u p ie d . T h e s t a t u s of availability of a s lo t c an be
seen by the driver on his/her own mobile with the help of an
application called “Blynk”. Therefore, the driver doesn’t
have to search for available slots thereby reducing fuel
consumption and making the process of parking, convenient.
In this project, we have used IR proximity sensors in
each slot to detect the presence of a car. The ultrasonic
sens ors placed at the wall/pillar of t h e p arkin g lo t will
provide the distance of the car from the infrastructure. The
gas s e n s or will d e t ect the p res ence of any hazardous or
flammable gases in the parking lot. If the gas sensor senses
an y o f the toxic gas es , the b u zzer c o n n e cted to it will s t a rt
bee p in g in d ic a t in g t h e pre s e n c e o f a h armfu l g as . Th is will
help to prevent disasters in the parking lot. The information
from all sensors is given to the microcontroller. In this
project we will be makin g u s e o f No d e MCU
microcontroller and arduino uno microcontroller. The
microcontroller, Node MCU, contains an inbuilt Wi- Fi
module using which data collected from the sensors can be
displayed as information on any mobile device connected to
the internet. A mobile application called Blynk is used to
dis p lay th e s t a t u s of availab ility of p arkin g slo ts .
Thus, our proposed Smart Car Parking system will a id in
helping the process of parking to become less cumbersome
an d t ime cons u ming fo r t h e d river. M o re o v e r, it will help to
reduce the environmental pollution and fuel wastage
resulting from the chaos during parking.
V. SYST E M ARCHIT E CT U RE
Fig 5.1 System Architecture Flowchart
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VI. RESULTS
Fig 6.1 Slot is occupied
When the presence of a car is detected by the proximity
sensor, the application (Blynk) shows the status of the
slot as occupied. This would help the user to look for
another slot which would be vacant.
Fig 6.2 Slot is free
When a car is not present in the slot, the application
shows the status of the slot as free. The proximity sensor
deployed in the location would detect if there is any car
present in that location or not and if there is no car being
parked, then it would notify the user that the particular
slot is free.
Fig 6.3 Smoke Detection
A MQ-2 sensor is being used in case if a fire breaks out
in the parking location then it starts beeping and
thereby alerts the people to ensure their safety.
VII. CONCLUSION
The demand for car parking systems is on the rise.
Though multiple models for smart car parking are in
existence, we hope to improvise them with our system
in te rms of cos t e fficie n c y and u s ab ilit y . Th e s y s tem
was successful in its objectives. The project has an
indefinite future scope such as expansion to larger
parking lots and integration with GPS. The system also
concentrates on the safety aspect of this process by
making use of several sensors. It is a hassle-free
prototype built in a way so that the user can park their
vehicle in a convenient manner. For a person searching
for a perfect parking slot in less amount of time that too
without any other complications like waiting for a slot
inside the parking location or the ris k of fire accidents,
the proposed system is an appropriate solution.
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