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Inverted L-shape Planer Band Notch Monopole Antenna
For Ultra Wide Band Communication Applications
Priyanka Gawhale
Department of Electronics
& Communication
Usha Mittal Institute of Technology
Mumbai 400049, India
gawhalepriyanka@gmail.com
Bharat Patil
Department of Electronics
& Communication
Usha Mittal Institute of Technology
Mumbai 400049, India
bharat.patil@umit.sndt.ac.in
Archana Wasule
Department of Industrial
Electrnics
K. J. Somaiya Polytechnic
Mumbai 400077, India
ar.wasule@gmail.com
Sandeep S Udmale
Department of Computer Engineering & IT
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute
Mumbai 400019, India
Sandeep_udmale1@yahoo.co.in
Vijay Sambhe
Department of Computer Engineering & IT
Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute
Mumbai 400019, India
vksambhe@vjti.org.in
ABSTRACT
In this paper, Inverted L-Shape radiating patch with rectangular
ground planer notch band monopole antenna is proposed. Antenna
is fabricated on FR4 substrate with permittivity 4.4 and loss
tangent 0.02 with dimension 12×8×1.6 mm3. Measured return loss
is ≤ -10 dB for the entire impedance bandwidth 3.6 to 3.8 GHz
and 4.8 to 16 GHz. Proposed antenna gives best improvement in
bandwidth of approximately 11.42 GHz. In addition, different key
parameters which affect the impedance bandwidth are analyzed
and results are discussed. Antenna structures is simulated using
commercially available HL3D 15.2 software. Also, antenna have
acceptable gain flatness with good omnidirectional radiation
patterns. Its ease of fabrication, compatibility to the other
electronic devices, and radiation pattern make it competent
candidate for Ultra wide band communication applications.
CCS Concepts
• Hardware → Communication hardware, interfaces and
storage; Wireless devices
Keywords
Ultra wide band antenna; radiation pattern; radiating patch;
impedance bandwidth.
1. INTRODUCTION
The Ultra wideband (UWB) antennas with band-notch function is
desirable, to avoid interference between UWB and WLAN
systems. Various design schemes for UWB operation with
bandnotch characteristics have been reported [1-15]. Most
familiar methods to achieve band-notched characteristics are
cutting slots on feed line, ground plane or radiating patch. Band
notch characteristic in printed monopole antennas may be
achieved by cutting an inverted U-shaped slot [8], cutting
symmetrical elliptical slot in patch [11] and introducing a parasitic
open-circuit element at the terminal [12, 15]. These antenna
designs have limitation of feed line width, which depends on 50 Ω
characteristic impedance.
Normally, bandwidth of a micro-strip antenna (MSA) is not very
broad, because it has only one resonance. Thus, to design a UWB
antenna, two or more resonant parts with each one operating at its
own resonance is required. Overlapping of these multiple
resonances may lead to multi-band or broadband performance
antenna. Initially, several different simple shapes of rectangular
radiating patch are used. To minimize the size and maximize
bandwidth, rectangular patch with extension is designed. Inverted
L-shape slot (ground plane dimension, separation between patch
and ground and feed line position) gives best possible impedance
bandwidth for the proposed antenna. Higher order modes get
excited in radiating patch and all modes have large band-width
leading to smaller impedance variation with frequency. Antenna
design and configuration is given below in section 2 and its result
discussion in section 3.
2. ANTENNA DESIGN
Before design an optimum structure many basic structures have
been tried and finally proposed antenna of length Lr and width Wr
is consider for optimization. Then, second monopole of length Ler
and width Wer with slot Ls×Ws is used to generate band notch
function in UWB frequency. Ground plane with length Lg and
width Wg is placed below the radiating patch. The optimum gap g
between patch and ground is 0.2 mm. Easily available FR4
substrate is used for fabrication. Geometry of the proposed
antenna with dimension is given in fig. 1.
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DMCIT '17, May 25-27, 2017, Phuket , Thailand
© 2017 Association for Computing Machinery.
ACM ISBN 978-1-4503-5218-5/17/05…$15.00
http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3089871.3089893
DOI: 10.1145/3089871.3089893
Figure 1. Geometry and configuration of antennas (a) Basic
antenna with Lr = 12 mm,Wr = 3.5 mm, Ler = 10 mm,Wer =
4.5 mm, Lg = 6.5 mm, andWg = 12 mm, FL = 6.7 mm, FW = 3
mm, and g = 0.2 mm. (b) Proposed antenna with Lr = 12 mm,
Wr = 3.5 mm, Ler = 10 mm,Wer = 4.5 mm, Ls = 8.5 mm,Ws =
2.5 mm, Lg = 6.5 mm, andWg = 12 mm, FL = 6.7 mm, FW = 3
mm, and g = 0.2 mm.
Figure 2. Impedance variation vs. frequency plot of anten-nas.
3. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Impedance variation vs. frequency plot of proposed antenna with
basic antenna is shown in fig. 2. Plot indicates that, the impedance
variation is within SWR circle and gives stable radiation patterns
for entire bandwidth. Return loss vs. frequency plot of proposed
antenna is given in fig. 3. Plot clearly projects that, antenna have
effective control over entire impedance bandwidth and it is ≤ -10
dB. Proposed antenna gives best improvement in bandwidth of
approximately 11.42 GHz.
Surface current distribution of proposed antenna for different
frequencies is shown in fig. 4. Plot indicates, current distribution
is not symmetrical for different frequencies. Also, current distri-
bution is more at lower frequencies and it is less at higher ones.
Further, it is not symmetric in vertical and horizontal plane at
similar frequencies
Figure 3. Return loss vs. frequency plot of antennas.
Figure 4. Surface current distribution of proposed band-
notch antenna (a) 3.5 GHz. (b) 5.5 GHz. (c) 10.0 GHz. (d) 16.0
GHz.
Figure 5. Radiation pattern of proposed band-notch
antenna (a). 3.5 GHz φ = 0◦. (b) 5.5 GHz φ = 0◦. (c) 10.0
GHz φ = 0◦. (d) 16.0 GHz φ = 0◦. (e). 3.5 GHz φ = 90◦. (f)
5.5 GHz φ = 90◦. (g) 10.0 GHz φ = 90◦. (h) 16.0 GHz φ =
90◦.
Impedance bandwidth and radiation pattern are more sensitive to
length of ground plane. Patterns also varies as per length of
radiating patch. Further, it is observed that the width of the ground
plane has less effect on radiation pattern. Radiation patterns in x-z
plane and y-z plane is shown in fig. 5. As well, pattern shows
cross polarization at higher frequencies and it is mainly due to
excitation of higher order modes at higher frequencies. In
monopole antennas, monopole radiator and ground plane both
contribute to radiation field. The Jx current at the edge of ground
plane also contributes to cross polarization. Therefore, impedance
bandwidth and radiation pattern can be improved by optimizing
ground plane dimensions and shape of ground plane.
To understand the effect of some basic key parameters on
impedance bandwidth, parametric study of selected parameters are
analyzed through rigorous simulation and results are discussed.
Initially, length Lg is considered for variation with other
parameters kept constant. The optimum length Lg for proposed
antenna is 11.5 mm. It is decreased by 1 mm and further it is
reduced to 2 mm. The simultaneous effect of decreasing Lg is
observed on impedance bandwidth. Return loss vs. frequency plot
for different Lg is shown in fig. 6. Decrease Lg shifted impedance
bandwidth towards lower end with some mismatch occurs at 9-
11.5 GHz frequency range.
Figure 6. Return loss vs. frequency plot of band-notch
antenna for different Lg.
Figure 7. Return loss vs. frequency plot of band-notch
antenna for different Wg
To investigate effect of Wg, initially, Wg is decreased by 1 mm
and further reduced to 2 mm; result is shown in fig. 7. Plot
indicates that, decreasing width of ground plane de-creases
impedance bandwidth. The gap g is very crucial as it balance the
inductance and capacitance between structure and ground plane.
Optimum gap for proposed antenna is 0.2 mm; and it is initially
increased by 0.2 mm and further by 0.2 mm; the simultaneous
effect is observed on impedance bandwidth. Return loss vs.
frequency plot of different gap is shown in fig. 8. From plot, it is
clear that lower frequency bands shifted towards lower end. Also,
increased gap from optimum length increases cross polarization at
higher frequencies.
Figure 8. Return loss vs. frequency plot of band-notch
antenna for different g
Figure 9. Return loss vs. frequency plot of band-notch
antenna for different Wer.
Figure 10. Photograph of proposed band-notch antenna (a)
Front view. (b) Back view.
Furthermore, inverted L-slot in proposed antenna is very
important parameter as far as impedance bandwidth is concern.
Notch band is possible only due to L-slot and it is depend on
length and width of the slot. Optimum length of inverted L-slot is
8.5 mm. It is reduced by 1.0 mm initially, further reduced to 2.0
mm, and simultaneous result on impedance bandwidth is observed.
Return loss vs. frequency plot of different slot length is shown in
fig. 9. Plot indicates, effect of slot length is mainly on lower
frequency band. The higher frequency band remain constant and
mismatch occurs at higher frequencies. Mismatch is only due to
variation in capacitance occurs due to decreasing length of the slot.
Finally, photograph of the proposed antenna with front and back
view is shown fig. 10
4. CONCLUSIONS
An Inverted L- Shape radiating patch with rectangular ground
planer notch band monopole antenna is designed. Proposed
antenna gives return loss of ≤ -10 dB for the entire impedance
bandwidth 3.6 to 3.8 GHz and 4.8 to 16 GHz. In addition,
different key parameters which affect the impedance bandwidth
are analyzed and results are discussed in detail. Furthermore,
antenna have acceptable gain flatness with good omnidirectional
radiation patterns. Its ease of fabrication, compatibility to the
other electronic devices, and radiation pattern make it competent
candidate for Ultra wide band communication applications with
band notch characteristics.
5. ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
The author acknowledges the All India Council of Technical
Education (AICTE) New Delhi, an autonomous body of
Government of India for financial support under Research
Promotion Scheme (RPS) with reference no: 8023/RID/RPS-
112/2011–12.
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