Sally Lawrence Bullock

University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill | UNC · Department of Nutrition

The onset of the COVID-19 pandemic in March 2020 accelerated the efforts of several organizations providing the National Diabetes Prevention Program (National DPP) and the Diabetes Self-Management Education and Support (DSMES) program to rapidly transition from in-person service delivery to program administration via telehealth. Semi-structured int...

In this study, we present case studies to explore the dynamics of implementation and maintenance of health interventions. We analyze how specific interventions are built and eroded, how the building and erosion mechanisms are interconnected, and why we can see significantly different erosion rates across otherwise similar organizations. We use mult...

Objective: Using the Social Determinants of Health as the study's theoretical underpinning, the authors examined the impact of the North Carolina Community Transformation Grant Project farmers' market initiatives on changes in awareness and use of farmers' markets, and fruit and vegetable consumption. Methods: During the farmers' market season,...

Increasing the number of farmers’ markets and implementing Electronic Benefit Transfer (EBT) systems for the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) at more farmers’ markets have been suggested as strategies to overcome food access issues, but little is known about their availability in the rural South. This study examines differences in a...

Context and purpose of the study. To examine (1) associations between county-level zoning to support farmers' market placement and county-level farmers' market availability, rural/urban designation, percent African American residents, and percent of residents living below poverty and (2) individual-level associations between zoning to support farme...

Because farmers' markets include a variety of fruits and vegetables, shopping at farmers' markets would likely improve diet quality among low-income consumers, as well as promote sustainable direct farm-to-consumer business models. However, not much is known about how to promote farmers' market shopping among low-income consumers. Therefore, the pu...

Little is known about the barriers and facilitators to local food procurement among women of reproductive age (WRA). Therefore we conducted qualitative interviews with WRA in rural eastern and western NC (ENC and WNC) to learn of factors related to locally sourced food procurement. In-depth interviews were conducted among low-income White, Black, a...

In the US, obesity has been recognized as a major public health challenge for over two decades. A large number of obesity interventions, from upstream (policy) to downstream (individual level), have been put forward to curb the obesity trend; however, not all those interventions have been successful. Overall effectiveness of obesity interventions r...

Background California law has standards for physical education (PE) instruction in K-12 public schools; audits found that the Los Angeles Unified School District did not enforce the standards. In 2009, the district adopted a PE policy to comply with these standards. Purpose This study aimed to evaluate the outcomes of the PE policy in district scho...

BACKGROUND: Physical education (PE) in school is often the only opportunity many children, especially from lower income communities, have to be physically active. Funded by CPPW, Renew Environments for Nutrition, Exercise & Wellness (RENEW) in Los Angeles County implemented a teacher mentoring program in low income schools to improve PE, which prov...

Background/Introduction: In low income communities, safe physical activity environments are often limited or non-existent. Having access to safe places to be physically active on school grounds and in neighborhood parks makes it easier for community members to be active. With support from the CDC's Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) in...

The California Endowment (TCE) was the first foundation in the nation to pioneer a policy-driven and locally based approach to preventing obesity among children and adults in low-income communities. The underlying theory driving TCE's approach was that improved nutrition and increased physical activity would occur as a result of creating access to...

This study assesses implementation of a district policy to improve physical education in the Los Angeles Unified School District (LAUSD). LAUSD serves 670,000 students, four-fifths of whom are Latino or African-American and three-quarters qualify for free-/reduced price meals. Formally adopted in the fall 2009 as a result of a community campaign to...

BACKGROUND: States and school districts nationwide have developed policies that set nutrition standards for foods and beverages sold outside of the school lunch program (competitive foods). The Child Nutrition Act, also now gives the USDA authority to set national nutrition standards for competitive foods. However, few tools exist for monitoring th...

Background: Competitive foods and beverages are available on most US school campuses. States and school districts are adopting nutrition standards to regulate these products, but few studies have reported on the extent to which schools are able to adhere to competitive regulations. The purpose of this study was to describe the extent to which scho...

Background: Physical education in schools can model and encourage healthy levels of physical activity. Particularly in disadvantaged areas, children may have a limited number of safe places to be active outside of school. The Healthy Eating, Active Communities program (HEAC), funded by The California Endowment, has partnered with school districts i...

Purpose: The involvement of professional sports teams in obesity prevention work is growing and research is needed to determine the impact of these initiatives. This study examined the impact of the San Diego Padres baseball teams' innovative fitness and healthy food initiative on the availability of food and physical activity opportunities at PETC...

The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities (HEAC) Program is a multi-year program focused on reducing disparities in obesity and diabetes in high-risk communities by improving food and activity environments for children. This presentation will describe 18-22 month follow-up findings from the HEAC evaluation efforts to assess whet...

States and school districts around the country are developing policies that set nutrition standards for competitive foods and beverages sold outside of the US Department of Agriculture's reimbursable school lunch program. However, few tools exist for monitoring the implementation of these new policies. The objective of this research was to develop...

Healthy Eating, Active Communities (HEAC) and The Central California Regional Obesity Prevention Program (CCROPP), funded by The California Endowment, were formed to reduce barriers to healthy food and physical activity opportunities in diverse, low-income communities with high obesity rates. The speaker will discuss the HEAC and CCROPP evaluation...

Background: Central California Regional Obesity Prevention Program (CCROPP) grantees are working to improve access to healthy foods and create safe places for children to play. As part of this program, grantees in the six original CCROPP sites have all engaged in developing or improving local farmer's markets or produce stands, in an effort to brin...

Passage of California Senate Bills 12 and 965 called for the implementation of unprecedented nutrition standards which regulate school foods and beverages in all K-12 schools. This was the first legislation of its kind that applies to high school aged youth. A comprehensive evaluation comparing pre- and post-implementation was conducted with 56 ran...

Introduction: School environments can model and encourage healthy levels of physical activity for children. Particularly in low-income communities, children may have a limited number of safe places to be active outside of school. Policy changes, made to improve the quality and duration of PE, can positively impact the health of students. Program...

To determine extent and factors associated with implementation of California's school nutrition standards 1 year after standards became active. Information on competitive foods and beverages available in schools was collected from a representative sample of 56 public high schools in California. Adherence to nutrition standards was calculated for ea...

Little has been done to ensure that the foods sold within health care facilities promote healthy lifestyles. Policies to improve school nutrition environments can serve as models for health care organizations. This study was designed to assess the healthfulness of foods sold in health care facility vending machines as well as how health care organi...

The California Endowment's Healthy Eating, Active Communities program was designed to reduce disparities in the incidence of obesity by improving food and physical-activity environments for low-income children. It was recognized at the outset that to succeed, the program needed support from community advocates. Health care providers can be effectiv...

BACKGROUND: The California legislature enacted nutrition standards (SB12 and SB965) to improve the quality of competitive foods and beverages sold in schools. School districts are implementing these standards; however, the lack of available nutrient information makes monitoring adherence challenging. The Food and Beverage Environment Assessment and...

Background/Introduction: Almost one-fifth of all U.S. children are overweight and interventions for school-aged children may come too late to prevent obesity for the many children who are overweight by the time they enter kindergarten. This presentation will describe how counties can address early childhood obesity prevention by reporting on the de...

Individuals make food and beverage choices within environments. In the midst of a childhood obesity epidemic, it is important to assess whether or not the neighborhood food and beverage retail environments support or impede healthy nutritional choices. To assess the healthfulness of the food and beverage environment in six HEAC Program sites, the...

Purpose: To share the methods and findings of an assessment conducted in health departments to document foods and beverages sold internally and the existence of any policies affecting these sales. The assessments were conducted as part of an evaluation of The California Endowments Healthy Eating Active Communities (HEAC) and Central California Regi...

Physical activity and nutrition are both inextricably linked to healthy living. Communities across the country have acknowledged and are starting to address disparities in access to healthy foods, but communities must also acknowledge the importance of neighborhood-level disparities in access to safe places for residents to play and be active. The...

In 2005, The California Endowment awarded pilot demonstration grants to two communities in California to participate in its Poder Popular Program, a three year project designed to improve health for agricultural workers, their families and their communities. The program prioritizes building the capacity of individuals and organizations to develop c...