Rubina Shaikh

TU Dublin | TU Dublin · Centre for Radiation and Environmental Science (RESC)

Objective A prototype infrared attenuated total reflection (IR-ATR) laser spectroscopic system designed for in vivo classification of human cartilage tissue according to its histological health status during arthroscopic surgery is presented. Prior to real-world in vivo applications, this so-called osteoarthritis (OA) scanner has been tested at in...

Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIR), near-infrared spectroscopy (NIR), and Raman spectroscopy are all well-established analytical techniques in biomedical applications. Since they provide complementary chemical information, we aimed to determine whether combining them amplifies their strengths and mitigates their weaknesses. This study investigates the...

Objective To differentiate healthy from artificially degraded articular cartilage and estimate its structural, compositional, and functional properties using Raman spectroscopy (RS). Design Visually normal bovine patellae ( n = 12) were used in this study. Osteochondral plugs ( n = 60) were prepared and artificially degraded either enzymatically (...

This review focuses on recent advances and future perspectives in the use of Raman spectroscopy for cervical cancer, a global women’s health issue. Cervical cancer is the fourth most common women’s cancer in the world, and unfortunately mainly affects younger women. However, when detected at the early precancer stage, it is highly treatable. High-q...

Purpose To develop the means to estimate cartilage histologic grades and proteoglycan content in ex vivo arthroscopy using near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS). Methods In this experimental study, arthroscopic NIR spectral measurements were performed on both knees of 9 human cadavers, followed by osteochondral block extraction and in vitro measuremen...

Injuries to the ligaments of the knee commonly impact vulnerable and physically active individuals. These injuries can lead to the development of degenerative diseases such as post-traumatic osteoarthritis (PTOA). Non-invasive optical modalities, such as infrared and Raman spectroscopy, provide means for quantitative evaluation of knee joint tissue...

Preclassification of raw infrared spectra has often been neglected in scientific literature. Separating spectra of low spectral quality, due to low signal-to-noise ratio, presence of artifacts, and low analyte presence, is crucial for accurate model development. Furthermore, it is very important for sparse data, where it becomes challenging to visu...

Objective To evaluate the feasibility of Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance (FTIR-ATR) spectroscopy to detect cartilage degradation due to osteoarthritis and to validate the methodology with osteochondral human cartilage samples for future development towards clinical use. Design Cylindrical (d = 4 mm) osteochondral samples (n...

The aim of the study was to optimize preprocessing of sparse infrared spectral data. The sparse data were obtained by reducing broadband Fourier transform infrared attenuated total reflectance spectra of bovine and human cartilage, as well as of simulated spectral data, comprising several thousand spectral variables into datasets comprising only se...

Objective Joint injuries may lead to degeneration of cartilage tissue and initiate development of posttraumatic osteoarthritis. Arthroscopic surgeries can be used to treat joint injuries, but arthroscopic evaluation of articular cartilage quality is subjective. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy combined with fiber optics and attenuated total...

Optical properties of biological tissues in the NIR spectral range have demonstrated significant potential for in vivo diagnostic applications and are critical parameters for modelling light interaction in biological tissues. This study aims to investigate the optical properties of articular cartilage as a function of tissue depth and integrity. Th...

Photon-counting detector computed tomography (PCD-CT) is a modern spectral imaging technique utilizing photon-counting detectors (PCDs). PCDs detect individual photons and classify them into fixed energy bins, thus enabling energy selective imaging, contrary to energy integrating detectors that detects and sums the total energy from all photons dur...

Near-infrared (NIR) spectroscopy is a powerful analytical method for rapid, non-destructive and label-free assessment of biological materials. Compared to mid-infrared spectroscopy, NIR spectroscopy excels in penetration depth, allowing intact biological tissue assessment, albeit at the cost of reduced molecular specificity. Furthermore, it is rela...

Raman spectroscopy is promising in vivo tool in various biomedical applications; moreover, in recent years, its use for characterizing articular cartilage degeneration has been developing. It has also shown potential for scoring the severity of cartilage lesions, which could be useful in determining the optimal treatment strategy during cartilage r...

Objective To assess the potential of near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) for in vivo arthroscopic monitoring of cartilage defects. Method Sharp and blunt cartilage grooves were induced in the radiocarpal and intercarpal joints of Shetland ponies and monitored at baseline (0 weeks) and at three follow-up time points (11, 23, and 39 weeks) by measurin...

Cationic computed tomography contrast agents are more sensitive for detecting cartilage degeneration than anionic or non‐ionic agents. However, osteoarthritis‐related loss of proteoglycans and increase in water content contrarily affect the diffusion of cationic contrast agents, limiting their sensitivity. The quantitative dual‐energy computed tomo...

Articular cartilage (AC) is a soft connective tissue that covers the ends of articulating bones. Joint injuries may lead to degeneration of cartilage tissue and initiate development of post-traumatic osteoarthritis (OA). Arthroscopic surgeries can be used to treat joint injuries, but arthroscopic evaluation of cartilage quality is subjective. There...

This study evaluates the feasibility of near infrared (NIR) spectroscopy to distinguish between different cartilage injury types associated with post-traumatic osteoarthritis and idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA) induced by mechanical and enzymatic damages. Bovine osteochondral samples (n = 72) were subjected to mechanical (n = 24) and enzymatic (n =...

Dual contrast micro computed tomography (CT) shows potential for detecting articular cartilage degeneration. However, the performance of conventional CT systems is limited by beam hardening, low image resolution (full‐body CT), and long acquisition times (conventional microCT). Therefore, to reveal the full potential of the dual contrast technique...

We introduce classification models based on partial least squares discriminant-analysis (PLS-DA) for estimating cartilage integrity (assessed by OARSI grade) based on mid-infrared spectra of cartilage matrix. The best model achieved accuracy of 84%.

In this study, we demonstrate the potential of mid-infrared (MIR) and near infrared (NIR) spectroscopies to reveal and differentiate between superficial changes in articular cartilage (AC) after mechanical or enzymatic degradation.

In this study, we develop high-resolution Raman maps from the brain tissue based on k-means cluster analysis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a musculoskeletal disease characterized by progressive degeneration of articular cartilage (AC) structure and function. AC consists mainly of interstitial fluid, extracellular matrix (ECM) and chondrocytes. The main molecular components of ECM are collagens and proteoglycans along with lesser amount of non-collagenous protein...

Exfoliated cell are one of the most patient compliant specimens, hence are workhorse of successful screening programs in cancers like cervix. Raman exfoliative cytology (REC), even on cell pellets using Raman microprobe, has demonstrated ∼80% specificity, comparable to conventional screening programs. Objective of this study is to further evaluate...

Optical spectroscopic techniques show improved diagnostic accuracy for non-invasive detection of cervical cancers. In this study, sensitivity and specificity of two in vivo modalities, i.e diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (DRS) and Raman spectroscopy (RS), were compared by utilizing spectra recorded from the same sites (67 tumor (T), 22 normal cerv...

Cervical cancer is the third most common cancer among women worldwide. Developing countries contribute more than 80% towards global burden. Over the last 2 decades, Raman spectroscopy (RS) has been actively pursued for cervical cancer detection. In view of latest development in Raman spectroscopic applications in cervical cancers, especially in viv...

In vivo Raman spectroscopy is being projected as a new, noninvasive method for cervical cancer diagnosis. In most of the reported studies, normal areas in the cancerous cervix were used as control. However, in the Indian subcontinent, the majority of cervical cancers are detected at advanced stages, leaving no normal sites for acquiring control spe...

Radiotherapy is an important treatment modality for oral cancer. However, development of radioresistance is a major hurdle in the efficacy of radiotherapy in oral cancer patients. Identifying predictors of radioresistance is a challenging task and has met with little success. The aim of the present study was to explore the differential spectral pro...

Cervix-cancer is the third most common female cancer worldwide. It is the leading cancer among Indian females with more than million new diagnosed cases and 50% mortality, annually. The high mortality rates can be attributed to late diagnosis. Efficacy of Raman spectroscopy in classification of normal and pathological conditions in cervix cancers o...

Cervix-cancer is the third most common female cancer worldwide. Papanicolaou (Pap) test, a well-recognized screening tool, is labor intensive, time consuming and prone to subjective interpretations. Optical spectroscopic methods, sensitive to molecular changes are being pursued as potential diagnostics tool. In this study we have explored Raman spe...

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the choice of treatment for locally advanced cervical cancers; however, tumors exhibit diverse response to treatment. Early prediction of tumor response leads to individualizing treatment regimen. Response evaluation criteria in solid tumors (RECIST), the current modality of tumor response assessment, is often...