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Tai Po Kau Headland Conservation Study and S.S.S.I. Proposal
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One hundred and seven odonates from Hong Kong are listed with synonymic notes of relevant published records and new material detailed. The origins and distribution pattern of the Hong Kong species are discussed. Twenty-three wetland areas are identified for their odonate conservation importance and recommendations are made for the protection of key sites and species of vulnerable to collection.
(Uncorrected OCR) Abstract of thesis entitled MOTHS (INSECTA: LEPIDOPTERA) OF HONG KONG submitted by Roger Clive KENDRICK for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy at The University of Hong Kong in April 2002 This study recorded 1,551 moth species in 48 families from Hong Kong, mainly at light traps, between December 1996 and January 2000. Of these, 481 were new Hong Kong records, six have been described as new to science, and at least 20 others await description. Over 200 taxa remain unidentified to specific level. At least 21 species are not native to Hong Kong. Literature searches and a review of collections provided additional data on almost 1,250 species recorded prior to 1996. The total list of Hong Kong moths now includes 1,835 species; 286 of these were not recorded during the present study. Of the 1,370 Hong Kong species for which data are available, 31.4% are tropical Indo-Australian, 31.3% are Oriental, 16% are Indo-Australian - Eastern Palaearctic, 13.1% are Oriental - Eastern Palaearctic, and 3.7% are Palaearctic; the remaining 4.2% are mostly Old World or cosmopolitan species. At least 70 species (5.2%) are possibly restricted to Hong Kong and a further 101 species (7.6%) are Chinese endemics. The family composition of Hong Kong macromoths, comprising Noctuidae at 45% of species and Geometridae at 25%, is similar to the moth faunas of Japan, Taiwan and Borneo, where Noctuidae and Geometridae make up ~40% and ~30% respectively of total species. Within Hong Kong, 744 species were recorded from fewer than four localities, 497 from four to nine localities, and 308 from 10 or more localities. On the basis of global and local species distributions, seven species of Hong Kong moths (0.4%) meet IUCN Red List criteria for �ritically Endangered�species, 21 species (1.1%) could be considered �ndangered� and nine species (0.5%) would warrant classification as �ulnerable� Light trap samples from forest habitats yielded an average of 150 species per night. Samples from abandoned agriculture, shrubland, plantations and mangrove were less species rich (60, 44, 26 and 36 species per night respectively). The species composition of samples from forest and grassland were significantly different from each other and from samples taken in other habitats. Lowland (<200m a.s.l.) light trap samples contained an average of 66 species per night, less than half of the number taken at higher altitudes. Samples from 200 to 400 m a.s.l. were richest, yielding a mean of 163 species per night. The moth community of a forest at Kadoorie Agricultural Research Centre was sampled on 150 nights between 1996 and 1999; it was distinctly seasonal. Light trap samples between December and February, during the dry season, contained fewer than 60 species per night. Between March and August and in November, samples averaged between 120 and 170 species per night. Richness peaked in September and October, samples yielding 225 and 215 species per night respectively. Species composition of samples also varied seasonally, being rather similar among wet season samples (May to October), but showing great variation in the dry season. Of the 915 species exhibiting a discernable phenology, 382 (60.1%) species appeared multivoltine, 60 (9.4%) univoltine, 86 (13.5%) bivoltine, 83 (13.1%) trivoltine, and 25 (5.2%) were continuously brooded.
This first-year university text uses a systems approach. After introducing the nature of systems these are explored at a general level and in the central part of the book at a more detailed level. The final section discusses changes, both in general terms and with particular reference to the impact of man. Overall the general division falls into the traditional sections of geomorphology, climatology and ecology. -K.Clayton
