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Antioxidant activity of Zataria multiflora hydroalcoholic extract and its antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus

Authors:

Abstract

Background and purpose: Nowadays, adding natural preservatives is one of the main methods for increasing shelf-life. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of Zataria multiflora hydroalcoholic extract and its antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger. Materials and methods: In this experimental study, after collection and extraction of Zataria multiflora, total amount of phenols and flavonoids as well as flavonols were colorimetrically determined. The antioxidant activity was evaluated by β-Carotene bleaching assey. Then the effect of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora extract (0.0, 0.5 and 1.5%) in 4±1°C at different storage times (0, 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days) was evaluated on growth of Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger. Results: Total phenol content in Zataria multiflora extract was 283.43±11.06 mg/gr as gallic acid equivalent. Total flavonoid and total flavonol contents were 131.23±4.5 and 92±5.67mg/g as rutin equivalent, respectively. Antioxidant activity was 71±4 percent. Also Zataria multiflora extract in 4±1°C decreased the growth rate of Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger. Conclusion: These findings showed that Zataria multiflora had antibacterial effect and could be used as an antibacterial preservative in hamburger or other meat products.
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Antioxidant Activity of Zataria Multiflora Hydroalcoholic
Extract and Its Antibacterial Effect on Staphylococcus Aureus
Reza Sharafati Chaleshtori1,
Mahmoud Rafieian Kopaei2,
Noordahr Rokni3,
Seifollah Mortezaei4,
Ali Sharafati Chaleshtori5
1 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord Branch, Shahrekord, Iran
2 Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
3 Department of Food Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
4 Medical Plants Research Center, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
5 Student Research Committee, Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences, Shahrekord, Iran
(Received November 26, 2013 ; Accepted February 18, 2013)
Abstract
Background and purpose: Nowadays, adding natural preservatives is one of the main methods
for increasing shelf-life. This study evaluated the antioxidant activity of Zataria multiflora hydroalcoholic
extract and its antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger.
Materials and methods: In this experimental study, after collection and extraction of Zataria
multiflora, total amount of phenols and flavonoids as well as flavonols were colorimetrically determined.
The antioxidant activity was evaluated by β-Carotene bleaching assey. Then the effect of different
concentrations of Zataria multiflora extract (0.0, 0.5 and 1.5%) in 4±1ºC at different storage times (0, 1,
3, 6, 9 and 12 days) was evaluated on growth of Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger.
Results: Total phenol content in Zataria multiflora extract was 283.43±11.06 mg/gr as gallic acid
equivalent. Total flavonoid and total flavonol contents were 131.23±4.5 and 92±5.67mg/g as rutin
equivalent, respectively. Antioxidant activity was 71±4 percent. Also Zataria multiflora extract in 4±1ºC
decreased the growth rate of Staphylococcus aureus in hamburger.
Conclusion: These findings showed that Zataria multiflora had antibacterial effect and could be
used as an antibacterial preservative in hamburger or other meat products.
Keywords: Zataria multiflora, antioxidant activity, antibacterial effect, hamburger
J Mazand Univ Med Sci 2013; 23(Supple 1): 88-94 (Persian).
ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ
ﺠﻣــــــﻧاد ﻪــ هﺎﮕــــﺸــــ مﻮــــﺷﺰــــ ﻲـــــﻧزﺎــــنارﺪ
هرود مود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا لﺎﺳ1391 )94-88(
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرودمود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ،1391
8
ﺮﺛا و يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻠﻜﻟا ورﺪﻴﻫ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ صاﻮﺧ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ
ﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا يور ﺮﺑ نآ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﺿسﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠ
يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﺎﺿر
1
ﻲﺋﺎﭘﻮﻛ نﺎﻴﻌﻴﻓر دﻮﻤﺤﻣ
2
ﻲﻨﻛر ﺮﻫدرﻮﻧ
3
ﻲﻳﺎﻀﺗﺮﻣ ﷲا ﻒﻴﺳ
2
يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﻲﻠﻋ
4
هﺪﻴﻜﭼ
فﺪﻫ و ﻪﻘﺑﺎﺳ: ﻲﻜﻳ هزوﺮﻣا زا شور يﺎﻫ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ داﻮﻣ ندوﺰﻓا ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ داﻮﻣ نآ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﺖـﺳﺎﻫ . فﺪـﻫ
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦﻳا زااﻮﺧ ﻲﻳﺎﺳﺎﻨﺷ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴـﺴﻛا ﻲـﺘﻧآ ص يور ﺮـﺑ نآ ﻲـﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪـﺿ ﺮـﺛا و يزاﺮﻴـﺷ ﻦـﺸﻳوآ ﻲـﻠﻜﻟا ورﺪـﻴﻫ هرﺎـﺼﻋ
ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا دﻮﺑ.
شور و داﻮﻣ ﺎﻫ: رد ا ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺑﺮﺠﺗ، ﺲﭘ زا ﻊﻤﺟ روآهﺎﻴﮔ ي يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ، هرﺎـﺼﻋ ﻲـﻠﻜﻟا ورﺪـﻴﻫ نآ ﻬﺗ ـﻴ ﺪـﺷ .
ناﺰ ﻛﺮﺗتﺎﺒ ﻟﻮﻨﻓ، ﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓي و ﻟﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ﻞﻛ شور يﺮﺘﻤﻳﺮﻠﻛﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ و ﺎـﺘﺑ ﻲـﻳادز ﮓـﻧر شور ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا
ﻦﺗورﺎﻛ هزاﺪﻧا ي ﺪﺷ . ﺲﭙﺳﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺮﻴﺛ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ يﺎﻫ) ،ﺮﻔﺻ5/0 و5/1 ﺪﺻرد ( ﻲﻟﺎـﭽﺨﻳ يﺎـﻣد رد)1±4 ﻪـﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ داﺮﮔ ( ﻦﻴﻌﻣ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ رد سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا ﺪﺷر يور ﺮﺑ) ،ﺮﻔـﺻ زور1 ،3 ،6 ،9 و12 (رد ﺮـﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ.
ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ ﺎﻫ: ﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻞﻛ لﻮﻨﻓ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ06/11±43/283 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮـﮔ رد مﺮﮔ لدﺎـﻌﻣ ـﺳا
ﻟﺎﮔ و يﻮﺘﺤﻣ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻛ لﻮﻧوﻼﻓ و ﺪﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ50/4±23/131 و 67/5±92 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد مﺮﮔلدﺎﻌﻣ ﺗور دﻮﺑ. ناﺰـﻴﻣ
ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ اﺪﻴﺴﻛاﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧ4±71 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد . يزاﺮﻴـﺷ ﻦـﺸﻳوآ هرﺎـﺼﻋ ﻦﻴـﻨﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻟﺎـﭽﺨﻳ ﻂﻳاﺮـﺷ رد ﺪـﺷر رﺎـﻬﻣ ﺐﺒـﺳ
ﺪﺷ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ.
جﺎﺘﻨﺘﺳا: ﺎﺘﻧ نﺎﺸﻧ داد ﻪﻛ هرﺎﺼﻋ يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآارادي ﺮﺛا ﺪﺿ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ دﻮﺑه و ﻲﻣ ﺪﻧاﻮﺗﻪﺑ ناﻮﻨﻋ ـﻳ هﺪـﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ
ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺿ و ﺮﻳﺎﺮﻓآهدرو ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ يﺎﻫ ددﺮﮔ دﺎﻬﻨﺸﻴﭘ.
يﺪﻴﻠﻛ يﺎﻫ هژاو: ،ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ صاﻮﺧ ،يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﺮﺛا ﺪﺿ ﺑوﺮﻜ، ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ
ﻪﻣﺪﻘﻣ
تاﺮــﻴﻴﻐﺗ يدﺎــﺼﺘﻗا و ﻲﻋﺎــﻤﺘﺟا نرﺪــﻣ ﻪــﺑ هاﺮــﻤﻫ
ترﺎــﺠﺗ ﻦﻴــﺑ ﻲــﻠﻠﻤﻟا اﺬــﻏ رد ﺢﻄــﺳ ﻲﻧﺎــﻬﺟ ﺮــﻄﺧ دﺎــﺠﻳا
يرﺎﻴﺴﺑ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ زا ار اﺬﻏزا ﻪﻠﻘﺘﻨﻣ يﺎﻫ ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮـﺗ زا ﻪﺘـﺷﺬﮔ
حﺮﻄ ﺖﺳا ﻪﺘﺧﺎﺳ .ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺖﺳد ﻲﺑﺎﻳ ﻪﺑ ياﺬﻏ ﻢﻟﺎـﺳ ﺎـﺑ
يرﺎﮔﺪﻧﺎﻣ ،ﻻﺎﺑ موﺰﻟ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا زا ﻪـﮕﻧ هﺪـﻧراد يﺎـﻫ ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ
ار ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ و ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ نﺎﺸﻧ ﺮﻃﺎﺧ ﻲﻣ دزﺎﺳ)1(. هزوﺮﻣا ﻪﺑ
ﻒﻟلﻮﺌﺴﻣ: يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﺎﺿر- دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ: ﻲﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد، ﺪﺣاو ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷهوﺮﮔ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻣاد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد E-mail: sharafati33@yahoo.com
1. هوﺮﮔ ﺷاﺪﻬﺑ داﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻣاد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ﺪﺣاو ﻲﻣﻼﺳا دازآ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ، دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷناﺮﻳا ،
2 .ﻲﻳوراد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ، دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد، دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷناﺮﻳا ،
3 .هوﺮﮔ ﺖﺷاﺪﻬﺑ داﻮﻣ ،ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ،ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭙﻣاد هﺪﻜﺸﻧاد ادهﺎﮕﺸﻧ ناﺮﻬﺗناﺮﻳا ،ناﺮﻬﺗ ،
4 .ﻪﺘﻴﻤﻛ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ،ﻲﻳﻮﺠﺸﻧاد تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗدﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ، دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷناﺮﻳا ،
ﺖﻓﺎﻳرد ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ: 6/9/1391 تﺎﺣﻼﺻا ﺖﻬﺟ عﺎﺟرا ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ: 15/11/1391 ﺐﻳﻮﺼﺗ ﺦﻳرﺎﺗ:30/11/1391
ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﺎﺿر
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرودمود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ،1391
9
ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﻞﻴﻟد ﻪﻗﻼﻋ مدﺮﻣ ﻪـﺑ فﺮـﺼﻣ داﻮـﻣ ﻲـﻌﻴﺒﻃ و ﺰـﻴﻧ
عﻮﻴﺷ يرﺎﻤﻴﺑ يﺎﻫ ،ﻲﺷراﻮﮔ ﻲـﺴﻔﻨﺗ و عاﻮـﻧا نﺎﻃﺮـﺳ ،ﺎـﻫ
تﺎــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ هدﺮﺘــﺴﮔ يا ياﺮــﺑ هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا هرﺎــﺼﻋ زا و ﺎــﻫ
ﺲﻧﺎـــﺳا ﺎـــﻫ مﺎـــﺠﻧا ﻪـــﺘﻓﺮﮔ ﺖـــﺳا)2(. زا ﻪـــﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻚـــﻳ
ﻲﻧدوﺰﻓا هرﺎـﺼﻋ ﺎـﻳ ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ﻲﻳاﺬـﻏ داﻮـﻣ ﻪـﺑ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ يﺎﻫ
يدﺪـﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳا يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ
رﺎـﭘ ﻮـﻳﺮﺒﻳو ﺪﺿ و ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﺴﻴﻟ ﺪﺿ تاﺮﺛا رد سﻮﻜﻴﺘﻴﻟﻮﻤﻫا
رﻮــﺷ ﻲﻫﺎــﻣ)3،4( ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴــﺸﻳﺮﺷا ﺪــﺿ ﺮــﺛا ،O157:H7 رد
هدﺮــﻛ خﺮــﭼ ﻪﻟﺎــﺳﻮﮔ ﺖــﺷﻮﮔ)5( سﻮﻠﻴــﺳﺎﺑ ﺪــﺿ ﺮــﺛا و
هدﺮـﻛ شراﺰـﮔ يرﺎـﺠﺗ پﻮـﺳ رد سﻮﺋﺮﺳ ﺪـﻧا)6( . هﺎـﻴﮔ
ﻲﻫﺎﻴﮔ يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﺎﺑ ﻪﺗﻮﺑ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫ ﻪـﺑ عﺎـﻔﺗرا40 ﺎـﺗ 80
ﺪﻴﻔـﺳ ﻪـﺑ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﺰﺒﺳ ،ﺮﺘﻣ ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ و ،ﺮـﻄﻌﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﻪﻗﺎـﺳ يﺎـﻫ
،دﺪﻌﺘﻣ ﻢﻜﺤﻣ و ،موﺎﻘﻣ ﺎﺑ ﺖـﺳﻮﭘ يﺮﺘـﺴﻛﺎﺧ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ﺪﻴﻔﺳ ﺎﻳ ﻲﻤﻛ ﻞـﻳﺎﻤﺘﻣ ﻪـﺑ هﻮـﻬﻗ يا ،ﺖـﺳا ﻦـﺸﻳوآ گﺮـﺑ
يزاﺮﻴـﺷ ﻚــﭼﻮﻛ و ياراد گﺮـﺒﻣد ﺎــﺗﻮﻛه ﺖـﺳا .هﺎــﻴﮔ
ﻦﺸﻳوآ يزاﺮﻴﺷ رﺎﺸﺘﻧا ًﺎﺘﺒـﺴﻧ ﻲﻌﻴـﺳو رد ناﺮـﻳا دراد رد و
ﺶــﺨﺑ يﺎــﻫ ،يﺰــﻛﺮﻣ بﻮــﻨﺟ و بﻮــﻨﺟ ﻲﻗﺮــﺷ ،ناﺮــﻳا
،نﺎﻬﻔــﺻا ،دﺰــﻳ ،نﺎﺘــﺳزﻮﺧ ،سرﺎــ و ﺮﻬــﺷﻮﺑ ﺎﺒﻋرﺪــﻨﺑ س
ﻲﻣ هﺪﻳد دﻮﺷ)2(.
ﻪﺑ رﻮﻃ هﺪﻤﻋ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ﻲﻟﻮـﻨﻓ لﻮﺌـﺴﻣ ﺪـﺿ صاﻮـﺧ
هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا و ﺎﻫ ﻲـﻣ ﺎـﻫ ﺪﻨـﺷﺎﺑ)7،8( . ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎـﻨﺑ
ﺮــﻫ ﻪــﭼ ﺮﻳدﺎــﻘﻣ داﻮــﻣ ﻚــﻴﻟﻮﻨﻓ ﺮﺗﻻﺎــﺑ ،ﺪــﺷﺎﺑ صاﻮــﺧ
ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣﺪﺿ نآ ﺪﻫاﻮﺧ ﺮﺗﻻﺎﺑ دﻮﺑ زا ﻦﻳا ﺲﻧﺎﺳا رد داﻮﻣ
يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺑ لﻮﻧژوا و لﻮﻤﻴﺗ ،لوﺮﻛاورﺎﻛ
دﺮـﻛ هرﺎﺷا)3(. لوﺮﻛاورﺎـﻛ زا ﻖـﻳﺮﻃ دﺎـﺠﻳا خارﻮـﺳ رد
يﺎﺸﻏ ﻲﻟﻮﻠﺳ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ يﺎﻫ مﺮـﮔ ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ ﺐـﻳﺮﺨﺗ و ءﺎـﺸﻏ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻲﺟرﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ ار دﻮﺧ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا ﻲﻔﻨﻣ مﺮﮔ
ﻲــﻣ دراﺬــﮔ)6(. دﺎــﺠﻳا ﻞــﻣﺎﻋ سﻮــﺋروا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘــﺳا
ﺖــﻧﻮﻔﻋ هدور جرﺎــﺧ يﺎــﻫ تاذ ،ﻢــﺧز ،شﻮــﺟ ﺪــﻨﻧﺎﻣ يا
،ﻚﻴﺴﻛﻮﺗ كﻮﺷ مرﺪﻨﺳ ،ﻪﻳﺮﻟاﮋﻨﻨﻣ ﻲﻠـﺻا ﻞـﻣﺎﻋ و ﺖـﻳ
ﻲﻣ نﺎﺴﻧا نﺪﺑ رد ﻲﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻤﺴﻣ ﺪـﺷﺎﺑ .
رد سﻮـﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻤﺴﻣ
ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻤـﺴﻣ ﻪـﺳ ﺖـﺴﻴﻟ رد عﻮـﻗو ﺮـﻈﻧ زا ﺎﻫرﻮـﺸﻛ ﺐﻠﻏا
ﻲﻣ راﺮﻗ لوا ﻪﺟرد
دﺮﻴﮔ . ﺮـﻓ و ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ عاﻮـﻧاآهدرو يﺎـﻫ
ﺮﻓ و نﺎﻴﻫﺎﻣ ،ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔآهدرو نآ يا هدروآﺮـﻓ و ﺮﻴـﺷ ،ﺎﻫ يا
،نآ مﺎﺧ يﺎﻫ ﮓـﻨﻳدﻮﭘ ،ﺎﻫدﻻﺎﺳ ،يﺎﻫ ﻲـﻧﺮﻓ ،ﺎـﻫ ،ﺎـﻫ
يﺎﭘ ﺲـﺳ و ﺎﻫ ﺖﻴﻣﻮﻤـﺴﻣ ﻦـﻳا دﺎـﺠﻳا رد ﺰـﻴﻧ دﻼـﺳ يﺎـﻫ
ﺪـﻧراد ﺖﻟﺎﺧد ﻲﻳاﺬﻏ
)9( . رد ناﺮـﻳا ﻲـﻠﻣ دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـﺳا ﻖـﺒﻃ
ﺮﻓآ مﺎـﺧ هدرواﺮـﻓ ﻚـﻳ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ هدرو
سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘـﺳا شرﺎﻤـﺷ شﺮﻳﺬـﭘ ﻞـﺑﺎﻗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ مﺮﮔﺮﻫ رد سﻮﺋرا1000 ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ)10( فﺪﻫ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ
ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﻦــﻳا زاهدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا زا ﻦــﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻠﻜﻟاورﺪــﻴﻫ هرﺎــﺼﻋ
يزاﺮﻴـــﺷ ياﺮـــﺑ رﺎـــﻬﻣ ﺪـــﺷر يرﺎـــﻤﻴﺑ يﺮﺘﻛﺎـــﺑ ياز
ﻲﻣ ﻪﻛ دﻮﺑ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا ﻪـﺑ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺮـﻓ ﺖﻌﻨـﺻ رد هﺪـﻳا ﻚـﻳ ناﻮﻨﻋآهدرو ﻪـﺑ ﻲﺘـﺷﻮﮔ يﺎـﻫ
فﺮﺼﻣ ﺖﻣﻼﺳ ﻆﻔﺣ رﻮﻈﻨﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ نﺎﮔﺪﻨﻨﻛ.
و داﻮﻣ شور ﺎﻫ
ﻦــﻳا ﮕــﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻲــﺑﺮﺠﺗ ترﻮــﺻ ﻪــﺑ ﻪــﻌﻟﺎﻄ رد ﻲﻫﺎ
وراد نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ تﺎﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰﻛﺮﻣ ـﻳ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ مﻮـﻠﻋ هﺎﮕـﺸﻧاد
ﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا دﺮﻛﺮﻬﺷ . ﻦـﻳا مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻪﻳﻮـﺳ زا ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘـــﺳا ﺮﺘﻛﺎـــﺑي سﻮـــﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘـــﺳا)1189
PTCC( ﻬﺗــ هﺪــﺷ زاﺶﻫوﮋــﭘ نﺎﻣزﺎــﺳ و ﻲــﻤﻠﻋ يﺎــﻫ
ناﺮﻳا ﻲﺘﻌﻨﺻ ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا.
ﺰــﻛاﺮﻣ زا يزاﺮﻴــﺷ ﻦــﺸﻳوآ رد دﺮﻛﺮﻬــﺷ رد شوﺮــﻓ
لﺎــﺳ1391ﺪــﺷ يراﺪــﻳﺮﺧ . ﺲﭙــﺳ هرﺎــﺼﻋ ﻪــﻴﻬﺗ ياﺮــﺑ
،ﻲﻟﻮﻧﺎﺗا100 ﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻚﺸﺧ ردﻮﭘ زا مﺮﮔ500 ﻲـﺳ ﻲـﺳ
لﻮﻧﺎﺗا80 ﺪﺻرد تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ و طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ،24 يﺎﻣد رد ﺖﻋﺎﺳ
قﺎﺗا) دوﺪﺣ22 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺮﮔدا (ﺪﺷ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ . ﺲﭙـﺳ
هرﺎﺼﻋ و هﺪـﺷ ﺮـﺘﻠﻴﻓ ﻲﻓﺎـﺻ ﺬﻏﺎﻛ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ ،هﺪﻣآ ﺖﺳد
هﺎﮕﺘــﺳد دراو يرﺎــﺗور) لﻮﻧﺎــﺗا فﺬــﺣ ياﺮــﺑ (ﺪــﻳدﺮﮔ .
يﺎـــﻣد رد هﺪـــﻣآ ﺖـــﺳﺪﺑ ﻲـــﻠﻜﻟا هرﺎـــﺼﻋ40 ﻪـــﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﺪﺷ ﻚﺸﺧ رﻮﺗﺎﺑﻮﻜﻧا رد داﺮﮔ
)11(.
ﻞﻛ لﻮﻨﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﮓــﻧر شور سﺎــﺳاﺮﺑ ﻞــﻛ ﻲﻟﻮــﻨﻓ تﺎــﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ناﺰــﻴﻣ
ﻲﺠﻨــﺳ
Folin-Ciocaltue ﻚــﻴﻟﺎﮔ ﺪﻴــﺳا ﺐــﺴﺣ ﺮــﺑ و
هزاﺪﻧا ﺪﺷ يﺮﻴﮔ)12(.
ﺮﺛا ﺪﺿ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا
ﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ م هرودمود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ،1391
ﻌﺗﻴﻴ ناﺰ ﻧوﻼﻓ و ﺪﺌﻳﻮﻧوﻼلﻮ ﻞﻛ
ناﺰ ﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ و لﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ﻞﻛ ﻪﺑ شور ﮓـﻧر ﺠﻨـﺳ
ﺮﻠﻛ ﻤﻟآمﻮ و ﺮﺑ ﺐﺴﺣ Rutin هزاﺪﻧا ي ﺪﺷ)12(.
ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ
ﺎـﺘﺑ زا ﻪـﻳﺎﭘ لﻮـﻠﺤﻣ ﻚـﻳ اﺪـﺘﺑا ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا ياﺮﺑ
ﻦﺗورﺎﻛ- ﻪـﻴﻬﺗ ﺮـﻳز ترﻮـﺻ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻴﺳا ﻚﻴﺌﻟﻮﻨﻴﻟ ﺪـﺷ :5/0
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ رد ﻦﺗورﺎﻛﺎﺘﺑ مﺮﮔ1 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻠﻛ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ و ﺪـﺷ ﻞـﺣ مﺮـﻓوﺮ
ﺲﭙﺳ25 و ﺪﻴـﺳا ﻚـﻴﺌﻟﻮﻨﻴﻟ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ200 مﺮـﮔ ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
ﻦﻴﺋﻮﺗ40 ﺪﺷ طﻮﻠﺨﻣ ًﻼﻣﺎﻛ و ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا نآ ﻪﺑ . ﺲﭙﺳ
ﻸــﺧ رد ﺮــﻴﺨﺒﺗ ﺎــﺑ)50 ﻲﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ﻪــﺟرد داﺮــﮔ هﺎﮕﺘــﺳد رد
يرﺎــﺗور ( و ﺮــﻴﺨﺒﺗ مﺮــﻓوﺮﻠﻛ100 ﺮــﻄﻘﻣ بآ ﺮــﺘﻴﻟ ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ
نﮋﻴﺴﻛا زا هﺪﺷ عﺎﺒﺷا)30 رﺎـﺸﻓ ﺖـﺤﺗ ﻪﻘﻴﻗد100 ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
د ﺮﺘﻴﻟﻪﻘﻴﻗد ر ( ﺪـﺷ ﻪﻓﺎﺿا نآ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻳﺪﺷ نﺎﻜﺗ ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ .5/2
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻞـﻘﺘﻨﻣ ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ قﻮﻓ هﺪﺷ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ لﻮﻠﺤﻣ زا ﺮﺘﻴﻟ
و ﺪﺷ350 ﻪﻓﺎـﺿا ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ ﻪـﺑ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا زا ﺮﺘﻴﻟوﺮﻜﻴﻣ
ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ . ﻲـﺴﻛورﺪﻴﻫ ﺪﺘﻴﻠﻴﺗﻮﺑ درﻮﻣ رد ﻞﺣاﺮﻣ ﻦﻳا ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ
ﻦﺋﻮﻟﻮﺗ)BHT ( ﻚـﻧﻼﺑ و ﺖـﺒﺜﻣ ﺪﻫﺎـﺷ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ) ﻂـﻘﻓ
يوﺎــﺣ350 ﻜﻴﻣلﻮﻧﺎــﺗا ﺮــﺘﻴﻟوﺮ (ﺪــﺷ مﺎــﺠﻧا . زا ﺪــﻌﺑ48
مﺮﮔ ﺖﻋﺎﺳ يرﻮـﻧ بﺬـﺟ قﺎـﺗا يﺎـﻣد رد يراﺬـﮔ ﻪـﻧﺎﺧ
ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﺎــﻫ490 ﺖــﺋاﺮﻗ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎــﻧﺪــﺷ ﺖــﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰــﻴﻣ و
ﻲﺘﻧآ نﺎـﻣز ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ يرﻮﻧ بﺬﺟ ﻪﺴﻳﺎﻘﻣ زا ،ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا
درز ﮓﻧر يراﺪﻳﺎﭘ ناﺰﻴﻣ يور زا و ﺮﻔﺻ ﻪـﺑ ﻦﺗورﺎـﻛ ﺎـﺘﺑ
راﺮﻗ ﺶﺠﻨﺳ درﻮﻣ ﺪﺻردﺖﻓﺮﮔ)13(.
يزﺎﺳ هدﺎﻣآ و ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ
ﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ زا ﻚﻳ يﺪﻴﻟﻮﺗ ﺮﻬﺑ ﻚﻳ ﻪﻧﺎﺧرﺎﻛ هدروآﺮـﻓ
ﻲﺘﺷﻮﮔ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ ﺪﺷ . ﻲـﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ مﺎـﺠﻧا ياﺮـﺑ ﺲﭙﺳ
ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ ،ﺮﻈﻧ درﻮﻣﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ ﻪﻌـﺷا ﺎـﻣﺎﮔ ﻲـﻫد رﻮـﻈﻨﻣ ﻪـﺑ
ﻞﻳﺮﺘﺳا نﺪ ﻪﺑنﺎﻣزﺎﺳ يژﺮﻧا ﻲـﻤﺗا ﺦـﻳ رﺎـﻨﻛ رد ناﺮـﻳا
ﺪﻨﺘﻓﺎﻳ لﺎﻘﺘﻧا . ـﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يﺎـﻫرﺎﻛ مﺎـﺠﻧا ﺖـﻬﺟ ﺲﭙﺳ رد
ﺦﻳ رﺎﻨﻛ ﻲـﻳوراد نﺎـﻫﺎﻴﮔ تﺎـﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ ﺰـﻛﺮﻣ هﺎﮕﺸﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻪﺑ
ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ ﻞـﻘﺘﻨﻣ دﺮﻛﺮﻬـﺷ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد .رد ﺪـﻴﻳ
ﻞﻳﺮﺘﺳا ندﻮﺑ ﺖﺸﻛ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ مﺎﺠﻧا ﺪـﺷ. ﻲﺑﺎـﺗﻮﺗﺮﭘ ﺎـﻣﺎﮔ
ﺖﻟﺎﺒﻛ ﻊﺒﻨﻣ ﻂﺳﻮﺗ60 ﻞـﺳ ﺎـﻣﺎﮔ عﻮـﻧ زا220 زد ﺎـﺑ5/5
تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺮﮔﻮﻠﻴﻛ26 ﻪﻘﻴﻗدمﺎﺠﻧا ﺪـﺷ . ﺎـﻣﺎﮔ ﻮـﺗﺮﭘ ﻊـﺒﻨﻣ
ــــﺗوﺰﻳا ﻮــــﻳدار ﺖــــﻟﺎﺒﻛ پﻮ60 ، ﺎــــﺑActivity ﺮــــﺑاﺮﺑ
14386 ،يرﻮﻛDose rate ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ52/3 و ﻪـﻴﻧﺎﺛ ﺮـﺑ يﺮـﮔ
Transite dose ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ81/10 ﻲـﻤﺗا يژﺮﻧا ﺰﻛﺮﻣ رد يﺮﮔ
ﺖﺳا دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ناﺮﻳا.
ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺢﻴﻘﻠﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻪﻴﻬﺗ
،ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ درﻮـﻣ ﻲﻳﺎـﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺢﻴـﻘﻠﺗ ناﺰـﻴﻣ ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ياﺮﺑ
بآ ﻂﻴـﺤﻣ ﻪﺑ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔBrain Heart Infusion
)BHI ( و ﺪـــﺷ ﻪﻓﺎـــﺿا2 رد ﻲﻟاﻮـــﺘﻣ ﻪـــﺒﺗﺮﻣ37 ﻪـــﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ تﺪـﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮔ18 ﺪـﺷ يراﺬـﮔ ﻪـﻧﺎﺨﻣﺮﮔ ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ .
ﺖﺸﻛ زا ﺲﭙﺳ18 ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻪﺑ ﻲﻔﻠﺘﺨﻣ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ مود ﻪﺘﻋﺎﺳ يﺎﻫ
cuvett يوﺎــﺣ5 بآ ﺮــﺘﻴﻟ ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ ﺖــﺷﻮﮔBHI ﻞﻳﺮﺘــﺳا
ﻪﻓﺎﺿاﺪﺷ بﺬـﺟ ﺮﺘﻣﻮـﺘﻓ وﺮﺘﻜﭙﺳا هﺎﮕﺘﺳد زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ و
نآ يرﻮﻧ ﻮـﻃ رد ﺎـﻫ جﻮـﻣ ل600 ﻦﻴـﻴﻌﺗ ﺮﺘﻣﻮﻧﺎـﻧ ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ .
ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ ،قﻮﻓ ﻞﻤﻋ ﺎﺑ نﺎﻣﺰﻤﻫ يﺎﻫ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ زا يرادﺮﺑ
ترﻮﺻ توﻮﻛﻪﺘﻓﺮﮔ شرﺎﻤﺷ و و ﺪـﺷ مﺎـﺠﻧا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
يوﺎﺣ ﻪﻛ توﻮﻛ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﺖﻳﺎﻬﻧ رد108
1 ﺮـﻫ رد يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ ﻲﻣ ﺮﺘﻴﻟ ﺪﻳدﺮﮔ ﺺﺨﺸﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ . رﺎـﺑﺮﻫ رد ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻦﻳﺪﺑ
ﻮـﻧ بﺬـﺟ نﺪـﺷ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﺎـﺑ ﺶﻳﺎـﻣزآ مﺎﺠﻧا لدﺎـﻌﻣ ير
ًﺎــﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ 108
1 ﻲــﻠﻴﻣ رد يﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ نداد ﺖــﺸﻛ ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﻛﺮﺘﻴﻟ
ﺰـﻴﻧ ﻲﺤﻄﺳ ﻲـﻣ ﺪـﻴﻳ ًﺎـﺒﻳﺮﻘﺗ يوﺎـﺣ توﻮـﻛ ﻪـﻟﻮﻟ ،ﺪـﺷ
108
1 ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ ﺮـﻫ رد يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺺﺨـﺸﻣ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ ﺪـﻳدﺮﮔ ﻲـﻣ .
ﺖﻗر ﻪﻟﻮﻟ ﻦﻳا زا ﺲﭙﺳ يﺎﻫ10 زا و هدﺮـﻛ ﺖـﺳرد ﻲﻳﺎـﺗ
ﺖﻗر ﻦﻳا ﺢﻴـﻘﻠﺗ زود ندروآ ﺖﺳﺪﺑ ﺖﻬﺟ ﺎﻫ103
ﻦـﻳا رد
دﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآﺪﺷ ه
)14(.
100 مﺮﮔ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ يوﺎـﺣ ﺮـﻈﻧ درﻮـﻣ يﺎـﻫ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ
يزاﺮﻴــﺷ ﻦــﺸﻳوآ هرﺎــﺼﻋ)5/0و5/1 ﺪــﺻرد ( هوﺮــﮔ و
هاﺮﻤﻫ ﻪﺑ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ ﺮـﻈﻧ درﻮـﻣ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ هﺪﺷ ﻦﻴﻴﻌﺗ زود رد ار
ﻪـﺴﻴﻛ ﻞـﺧاد ﻞﻳﺮﺘـﺳا يﺎـﻫ)bag mixer ( و دﻮـﻫ ﺮـﻳز رد
ﻪﻠﻌـﺷ رﺎﻨﻛ هداد راﺮـﻗ ﻪـﺴﻴﻛ ﺲﭙـﺳ و رد ار ﻞﻳﺮﺘـﺳا يﺎـﻫ
ﺮﻛﺎﻣﻮﺘﺳاSeward ﺸﻛ ﺖﺧﺎﺳ ﺲﻴﻠﮕﻧا رﻮ ﻢـﻳداد راﺮـﻗ و
تﺪــﻣ ﻪــﺑ4 نژﻮــﻤﻫ ﻪــﻘﻴﻗد ﻢﻳدﻮــﻤﻧ يﺎــﻣد رد ﺲﭙــﺳ ،
ﻲﻟﺎــﭽﺨﻳ)1±4 ﻲﺘﻧﺎــﺳ ﻪــﺟرد داﺮــﮔ ( تﺪــﻣ ﻪــﺑ12 زور
يﺎــﻫزور رد و ﺪﻧﺪــﺷ يراﺪــﻬﮕﻧ 0، 1 ،3 ،6 ،9 و12 ،25
ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﺎﺿر
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرودمود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ،1391
ﻪﺴﻴﻛ تﺎﻳﻮﺘﺤﻣ زا مﺮﮔ ﺎـﺑ ار ﻞﻳﺮﺘﺳا يﺎﻫ225 ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
ﻪـــﻧﻮﺘﭙﭘ بآ1 رد1000 ًادﺪـــﺠﻣ و هدﺮـــﻛ طﻮـــﻠﺨﻣ رد
ﻛﺎﻣﻮﺘﺳا و ﻪﺘﺷاﺬﮔ 1 ﻢﻳدﺮـﻛ نژﻮﻤﻫ ﻪﻘﻴﻗد) ﺖـﻗر1-( ،
ﺖﻗر ﺲﭙﺳ ﻪﻟﻮﻟ زا هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا ﺎﺑ ار يﺪﻌﺑ يﺎﻫ ـﺑ ﺖـﻗر يﺎـﻫ
ﺖﺳد ﺰﻐﻣ و ﺐﻠﻗ رﺎﮔآ يوﺎﺣ ﺖﻴﻠﭘ رد و هدروآ)BHA (
رد و هداد ﺖﺸﻛ37 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد تﺪﻣ ﻪﺑ داﺮﮔ24 ﺖﻋﺎـﺳ
ﻲﻣ يراﺬﮔ ﻪﻧﺎﺨﻣﺮﮔ ﻢﻳدﺮﻛ)14(. ﺶﻳﺎﻣزآ ﻲﻣﺎﻤﺗ ﺎﻫ3 رﺎـﺑ
ﻂﺳﻮﺘﻣ ﺮﻳدﺎﻘﻣ و راﺮﻜﺗ زا ﻞﺻﺎﺣ3 راﺮـﻜﺗ زا هدﺎﻔﺘـﺳا ﺎـﺑ
رﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ ﺪﻧﺪـﺷ شراﺰﮔ . ﺖـﻬﺟ ﻲﺑﺎـﻳزرا
ﺮﺛا ﺖﻈﻠﻏ يﺎﻫ ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ هرﺎﺼﻋﻦﺸﻳوآ يزاﺮﻴﺷ زا نﻮﻣزآ
ﺰﻴﻟﺎﻧآ ﺲﻧﺎﻳراو ﻚﻳ مﺮﻧ و ﻪﻓﺮﻃ راﺰﻓاSPSS 16 ﺪﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا.
ﺎﻫ ﻪﺘﻓﺎﻳ
و يﺪــﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ،ﻲﻟﻮــﻨﻓ تﺎــﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ يﻮــﺘﺤﻣ ﺞﻳﺎــﺘﻧ
آ ﻲﻠﻜﻟاورﺪﻴﻫ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻲﻟﻮﻧوﻼﻓ لوﺪﺟ رد يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳو
هرﺎﻤﺷ1 ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ دﻮﺷ .ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴـﺴﻛا
دراﺪﻧﺎﺘــﺳا ناﺪﻴــﺴﻛا ﻲــﺘﻧآ ﻪــﺑ ﺖﺒــﺴﻧ هرﺎــﺼﻋ ﻦــﻳاBHT
ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ دﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ) هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ1.(
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ1 : و ﻲﻟﻮـﻧوﻼﻓ ،يﺪـﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ،ﻲﻟﻮـﻨﻓ تﺎﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ يﻮﺘﺤﻣ
يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻠﻜﻟاورﺪﻴﻫ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ
ﺎﻌﻓﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﻟ
ﺪﺻرد ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا
لﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ
mg/g
ﺪﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ
mg/g
لﻮﻨﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ
mg/g
4
±71 6
7
/5±92 50/
4
±23/131 0
6
/11±43/283 يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ
30/3±
6
/90 - - - BHT
يور ﺮـﺑ يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻠﻜﻟاورﺪﻴﻫ هرﺎﺼﻋ تاﺮﺛا
هرﺎﻤـﺷ لوﺪـﺟ رد سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر
2 هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻞﺑﺎﻗ ﻲﻣ ﺪﺷﺎﺑ .ﺮﺑ سﺎﺳا ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺳد هﺪﻣآ رد
ﻖــﻴﻘﺤﺗ هرﺎــﺼﻋ هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا درﻮــﻣ ﺖــﻈﻠﻏ ود رد ،ﺮــﺿﺎﺣ
يﺎــﻣد رد يزاﺮﻴــﺷ ﻦــﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻠﻜﻟاورﺪــﻴﻫ1±4 ﻪــﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎــﺳ سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘــﺳا يﺮﺘﻛﺎــﺑ داﺪــﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ،داﺮــﮔ
ﺪــﺷ هﺪﻫﺎــﺸﻣ سﻮــﺋرا . يﺎــﻣد رد ﻦﻴــﻨﭽﻤﻫ1±4 ﻪــﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻲـﻃ رد داﺮﮔ12 ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ يراﺪـﻬﮕﻧ زور گﺮـﻣ ،ﺎـﻫ
ﻛﺎﺑيﺮﺘ ﺪﺷ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﺎﻫ .ﻪﺑ يرﻮﻃ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ ﻪﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد ﻪﻛ) نوﺪـﺑ
هرﺎﺼﻋ ( داﺪـﻌﺗ ﻢـﺸﺷ زور رد سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘـﺳا يﺮﺘﻛﺎـﺑ
زا ﺮﺘﻤﻛ ﻪﺑ سﻮﺋرا 102 Colony forming unit/g ﺪﻴﺳر.
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ رد يﺎﻫ 5/0 و5/1 رد يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺪﺻرد
ﺶﻳاﺰــﻓا مﻮــﺳ زور رد و يﺮﺘﻛﺎــ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺪﻫﺎــﺷ ﻢــﻜﻳ زور
ا ًﺎﺘﻳﺎﻬﻧ و يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑسﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﻢﺸﺷ زور ز
ﻢــﻛ ﻪــﺑ سﻮــﺋرا زا ﺮــﺗ102 cfu/g ﺪﻴــﺳر نآ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﻪــﻛ
ﺖـﺳا دﻮﻬـﺸﻣ مﻮـﺳ و ﻢﻜﻳ زور رد لﺮﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮﮔ ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ
)05/0<p(، ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا ﺎﻫرﺎﻤﻴﺗ ﻦﻴﺑ ﻲﻟو هﺪﻫﺎـﺸﻣ يراد
ﺪﺸﻧ)05/0>p(.
ﺚﺤﺑ
ﺎــﺑ ﻪــﺟﻮﺗ ﻪــﺑ دﺮــﻜﻳور ﺪــﻳﺪﺟ نﺎﻣزﺎــﺳ يﺎــﻫ ﻲﻟﻮــﺘﻣ
ﺖــﺷاﺪﻬﺑ ﻲﻳاﺬــﻏ داﻮــﻣ و فﺮــﺼﻣ نﺎﮔﺪــﻨﻨﻛ اﺬــﻏ رد
ﻦﻳﺰﮕﻳﺎــﺟ ندﻮــﻤﻧ هﺪــﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ يﺎــﻫ ﻲــﻌﻴﺒﻃ ﻪــﺑ يﺎــﺟ
هﺪﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ ،ﺮﻀﻣ نﻮﻨﻛﺎﺗ يدﺪـﻌﺘﻣ تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ
يور ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣﺪﺿ تاﺮﺛا ﺲﻧﺎﺳا هرﺎﺼﻋ و ﺎﻫ يﺎﻫ ﻲﻫﺎـﻴﮔ
ﻒﻠﺘﺨﻣ ترﻮﺻ ﻪﺘﻓﺮﻳﺬﭘ ﺖﺳا)15(.
ﻲﻳاز نﺎﻃﺮﺳ و ﻲﻤﺳ تاﺮﺛا ،هﺪﺷ مﺎﺠﻧا تﺎﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ناﺪﻴـﺴﻛا ﻲﺘﻧآ ﻲﺧﺮﺑ ﻮﻨـﺼﻣ يﺎـﻫﻲﻋ هﺪـﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ و يﺎـﻫ
ﺪﻨﻧﺎﻣ ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻤﻴﺷ نﻮـﻨﻴﺋﻮﻛ ﻲـﺴﻛورﺪﻴﻫ ﺪـﺘﻴﻠﻴﺗﻮﺑ يرﺎﻴـﺷﺮﺗ
)TBHQ ( هﺪﺷ هداد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ يرﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ ﻂﻘﻓ نﻮﻨﻛ ﺎﺗ
هرﺎﻤﺷ لوﺪﺟ2:
سﻮـﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘـﺳا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ شرﺎﻤﺷ يﺎﻫرﺎﻴﻌﻣ فاﺮﺤﻧا و ﻦﻴﮕﻧﺎﻴﻣ)cfu/g( ﻦـﺸﻳوآ هرﺎـﺼﻋ يوﺎـﺣ ﺮـﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ يﺎـﻫ ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد
ﻲﻟﺎﭽﺨﻳ ﻂﻳاﺮﺷ رد يزاﺮﻴﺷ
زور 0 1 3 6 9 12
رﺎﻤﻴﺗ
ﻲﻔﻨﻣ لﺮﺘﻨﻛ 82±103×5/1a 48±103×2/1a 82±103×7/1a 100<a 100<a 100<a
يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ5/1 ﺪﺻرد 82±103×5/1a 0/0±102×1b 48±102×6/3b 100<a 100<a 100<a
يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ5/0 ﺪﺻرد
82±103×5/1a 0/0±102×2b 48±102×3/3b 100<a 100<a 100<a
a,b : راد ﻲﻨﻌﻣ فﻼﺘﺧا دﻮﺟو هﺪﻨﻫﺪﻧﺎﺸﻧ نﻮﺘﺳ ﻚﻳ رد ﻪﺑﺎﺸﻣ ﺮﻴﻏ فوﺮﺣ)05/0<p (ﺖﺳا
ﺮﺛا ﺪﺿ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا
ﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ م هرودمود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ،1391
2
ﭘاژـﻔﺘﺳا ـﻨﻤﻣ ار نآ زا هدﺎـ عﻮـﺖﺳا هدﺮ)16(. ﺘﺤﻣـ يﻮ
يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻞﻛ لﻮﻨﻓ06/11±43/283 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ
مﺮــﮔ رد لدﺎــﻌﻣ ــ ا ﻟﺎﮔــ يﻮــﺘﺤﻣ و و ﺪــﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ
ﺐـــﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻪـــﺑ ﻞـــﻛ لﻮـــﻧوﻼﻓ50/4±23/131 و 67/5±92
ﻲﻠﻴﻣ مﺮﮔ رد مﺮﮔلدﺎﻌﻣ ﺗور دﻮﺑ. ﻲـﺘﻧآ ﺖـﻴﻟﺎﻌﻓ ناﺰـﻴﻣ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا 4±71 دﻮﺑ ﺪﺻرد. ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ناﺰـﻴﻣ يا
ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ ار يزاﺮﻴـﺷ ﻦـﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻠﻜﻟاورﺪﻴﻫ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﺪﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ
32 ﻲﻠﻴﻣ لﺎـﻜﻳدار يدﻮﺑﺎـﻧ ﺖﻴـﺻﺎﺧ و مﺮﮔ رد مﺮﮔ يﺎـﻫ
ار نآ دازآ71 ﺪــﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰــﮔ ﺪــﺻرد)17( . ﻲــﺳرﺮﺑ رد
لﺎــﻜﻳدار يدﻮﺑﺎــﻧ ﺖﻴــﺻﺎﺧ يﺮــﮕﻳد ﻂــﺳﻮﺗ دازآ يﺎــﻫ
ﺎـﻳ ﺲﻛﻮﻟوﺮﺗ زا ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ار يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ ﻲﻟﻮﻧﺎﺘﻣ هرﺎﺼﻋ
ﺪﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﻚﻴﺑرﻮﻜﺳآ ﺪﻴﺳا)18( . ﻲـﮕﻧز ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻞﻛ لﻮﻨﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺰﻴﻧ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يدﺎﺑآ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ322 ﺮـﻛذ ﺮـﺘﻴﻟ ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ رد مﺮﮔ ﻲﻠﻴﻣ
ﻳﺮﺘﻬﺑ و ﺪﺷﻲﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﺲﻧﺎـﺳا ﻪﺑ ﺖﺒﺴﻧ ار ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا
داد نﺎﺸﻧ هﺎﻴﺳ هﺮﻳز)15(. ﺪﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
ﺶﻴﺑ ﺮـﺑاﺮﺑ و ﻲـﻠﺒﻗ شراﺰـﮔ زا ﺮﺗ23/131 رد مﺮـﮔ ﻲـﻠﻴﻣ
رد نآ ناﺰـﻴﻣ زا ﻞـﻛ ﻲﻟﻮـﻨﻓ ﺐـﻴﻛﺮﺗ ناﺰﻴﻣ ﻲﻟو دﻮﺑ مﺮﮔ
ﻢﻛ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا دﻮﺑ ﺮﺗ . نآ ﻲﻧاﺪﻴـﺴﻛا ﻲـﺘﻧآ ﺖﻴﺻﺎﺧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﺮﺑاﺮﺑ ﺰﻴﻧ71 ﺪﺻرددﻮ. توﺎﻔﺗ صاﻮﺧ ناﺰﻴﻣ رد ﻪﻛ ﻲﻳﺎﻫ
ﻲﺘﻧآ هرﺎـﺼﻋ ﻚـﻴﻟﻮﻨﻓ يﻮـﺘﺤﻣ و ﻲﻧاﺪﻴﺴﻛا ﻲﻫﺎـﻴﮔ يﺎـﻫ
ﻲﻣ هﺪﻫﺎﺸﻣ ﻲﻣ دﻮﺷ نﻮـﭽﻤﻫ ﻲﻳﺎـﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ زا ﺮﺛﺎـﺘﻣ ﺪـﻧاﻮﺗ
ﺖﺷادﺮﺑ نﺎﻣز ،هﺎﻴﮔ ﺪﺷر ﻪﻠﺣﺮﻣ ،ﺎﻣد ،ﻲﻳﺎﻴﻓاﺮﻐﺟ ﺖﻴﻌﻗﻮﻣ
و ﻲـﻄﻴﺤﻣ يﺎﻫ رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ﻲﻠﻛ رﻮﻃ ﻪﺑ و ﻦﻴﻣز رﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ ،هﺎﻴﮔ
ﺪﺷﺎﺑ هﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻜﻴﺘﻧژ يﺎﻫرﻮﺘﻛﺎﻓ)19(.
ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد ﺮـﺑ نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و ﺮـﻬﻣ نﺎﻳوﺪـﻬﻣ ﻂـﺳﻮﺗ يا
كزورﻮـﻧ هرﺎـﺼﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺿ ﺮﺛا يور) ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ يﺎـﻫ
10،5 و20 راﺰﻫppm ( سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا يور ﺮﺑ
يﺎﻣد رد ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ هدرواﺮﻓ رد12- ﻲﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪﺟرد رد داﺮـﮔ
نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ45 ﻪـﻧﻮﻤﻧ ﻪـﻤﻫ ﻪـﻛ ﺪﻧداد شراﺰﮔ زور ﺎـﺑ ﺎـﻫ
ﺖﻈﻠﻏ مﺎﻤﺗ شرﺎﻤﺷ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺎﻫ ﺮﺛا ﻲﻟو ﺪﻨﺘﺷاد ار يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ
يﺎﻫزور رد هرﺎﺼﻋ15 و30 ﻪﺑ ﻨﻌﻣ رﻮﻃ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺒﺳ يراد
ﺪﺷ رﻮﻛﺬﻣ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ)20( .ﺖﻈﻠﻏ ﺰﻴﻧ ﺮﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد يﺎـﻫ
ﺐﺒــﺳ ،ﺮــﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد ﻦــﺸﻳوآ هرﺎــﺼﻋ زا هدﺎﻔﺘــﺳا درﻮــﻣ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺪﻧﺪﺷ ﻲﻟﺎﭽﺨﻳ يﺎﻣد رد ﺎﻫ يرﻮﻃ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺪﻫﺎﺷ ﻢﻜﻳ زور زا ﻪﻛ ﺎﻫﻢﻳدﻮﺑ.
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺮﺛا يﺮﮕﻳد ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ رد ﻦﻴـﭼراد ،ﻚﺨﻴﻣ يﺎﻫ
زود ﺎـﺑ سﻮـﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘـﺳا يﺮﺘﻛﺎـﺑ يور ﺮﺑ ﺮﻴﺳ و
ﻲﺤﻴﻘﻠﺗ 105 cfu/g ﻪﺗﺎﭘ رد يﺎـﻣد رد غﺮـﻣ ﺖـﺷﻮﮔ يﺎـﻫ
1±5 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد نﺎﺸﻧ ﻪﻛ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ راﺮﻗ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ درﻮﻣ داﺮﮔ
هوﺮﮔ ﻪﻤﻫ ﺪﻧداد ﺶﻫﺎـﻛ ﺐﺒـﺳ مرﺎـﻬﭼ زور ﺎﺗ رﺎﻤﻴﺗ يﺎﻫ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ داﺪﻌﺗ ﺪﺷ ﺎﻫﺪﻧ)21(.
ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﺮﺛا ،نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و رﺎﻜﺑﻮﭼ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘــﺳا داﺪـﻌﺗ ﺶﻫﺎــﻛ ﺮـﺑ ار يزاﺮﻴــﺷ ﻦـﺸﻳوآ
ﻪﻠﻴﻓ رد سﻮﺋرا هﺮﻘﻧ رﻮﭙﻛ ﻲﻫﺎﻣ يﺎﻫ ﻦـﻳا و ﺪﻧداد نﺎﺸﻧ يا
تﺎــﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ ياﻮــﺘﺤﻣ ﻪــﺑ طﻮــﺑﺮﻣ ار ﻲــﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ ﺪــﺿ تاﺮــﺛا
ﺪـﻧدﺮﻛ شراﺰﮔ ﺲﻧﺎﺳا رد دﻮﺟﻮﻣ ﻲﻟﻮﻨﻓ)22( . ﻪـﺘﻓﺎﻳ يﺎـﻫ
ﺎﺑ ﺪﺿ تاﺮﺛا ﻦﺸﻳوآ هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛ ﺮـﺿﺎﺣ ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد و
ياﻮﺘﺤﻣ يﻻﺎﺑ ًﺎﺘﺒﺴﻧ ،نآ يﺪـﻴﺋﻮﻧوﻼﻓ و ﻲﻟﻮـﻨﻓ تﺎـﺒﻴﻛﺮﺗ
ﺖﺳا ﻲﻠﺒﻗ تﺎﺷراﺰﮔ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﺎﺑ ﻮﺴﻤﻫ.
ﺮـﺛا ﻪـﻛ داد نﺎـﺸﻧ نارﺎـﻜﻤﻫ و يرﻮـﻧ ﻲـﺳرﺮﺑ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ
ﻲﻠﻛﺎﻴـﺸﻳﺮﺷا يور ﺮـﺑ يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوا ﺲﻧﺎﺳاO157:H7
يﺎﻣد ود رد ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد4 و10 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد ﺐﺒـﺳ داﺮـﮔ
رد ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻲﮔﺪﻧرادزﺎﺑ ﺮﺛا و هﺪﺷ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺪﺷر ﺶﻫﺎﻛ4
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد يراﺪـﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز تﺪﻣ ﺶﻳاﺰﻓا ﺎﺑ هاﺮﻤﻫ داﺮﮔ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺮﺘﺸﻴﺑ ﺶﻫﺎﻛ ﺐﺒﺳ)5(.
سﻮﻠﻴـﺳﺎﺑ يور ﺮـﺑ ﺰﺒـﺳ هﺮـﻳز ﺮﺛا يﺮﮕﻳد ﻪﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد
يﺎﻣد رد يرﺎﺠﺗ پﻮﺳ رد سﻮﺋﺮﺳ10 ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ ﻪﺟرد داﺮﮔ
ﺪﺷ ﻲﺳرﺮﺑ .ز ﺲﻧﺎﺳا ﻪﻛ داد نﺎﺸﻧ ﺞﻳﺎﺘﻧ ﻦـﻳا رد ﺰﺒـﺳ هﺮـﻳ
ﺖﺷاد يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﺮﺑ ﻲﮔﺪﻨﺸﻛ ﺮﺛا ﺎﻣد . ﻪـﺑ ﻪـﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـﺑ ﻦﻴﻨﭽﻤﻫ
ﻦﻳا داﺪـﻌﺗ لﺮـﺘﻨﻛ هوﺮـﮔ رد ﻢـﻬﻧ زور رد ،ﺎـﻣد ﻦﻳا رد ﻪﻛ
يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ ﻢﻛ ﻪﺑ ﺎﻫ زا ﺮـﺗ102
cfu/g يﺮـﻴﮔ ﻪـﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺪﻧﺪﻴـﺳر
يﺎـﻣد ﻪﻛ ﺪﺷ10 ﻲﺘﻧﺎـﺳ ﻪـﺟرد گﺮـﻣ ﺐﺒـﺳ ﺰـﻴﻧ داﺮـﮔ
ﺖﺳا هﺪﺷ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ)1( . ـﺑ ﺞﻳﺎـﺘﻧ ﻪـﻌﻟﺎﻄﻣ رد هﺪـﻣآ ﺖـﺳد
ـــﺿﺎﺣ يﺮﺘﻛﺎـــﺑ ﺪـــﺷر ﺶﻫﺎـــﻛ ﻪـــﺑ ﻪـــﺟﻮﺗ ﺎـــﺑ ﺰـــﻴﻧ
رد ﺮــﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ لﺮــﺘﻨﻛ ﻪــﻧﻮﻤﻧ رد سﻮــﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘــﺳا
ﻲﻣ ﻢﺸﺷ زور ﺪﻧاﻮﺗ يﺎـﻣد ﻲﮔﺪﻨـﺸﻛ ﺮﺛا هﺪﻨﻨﻛﺪﻴﻳ1±4
ﻪﺟرد
ﻲﺘﻧﺎﺳ داﺮﮔ يﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑ يور ﺮﺑ يراﺪﻬﮕﻧ نﺎﻣز ﻲﻃ رد
ﻲﺸﻫوﮋﭘ نارﺎﻜﻤﻫ و يﺮﺘﺸﻟﺎﭼ ﻲﺘﻓاﺮﺷ ﺎﺿر
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرودمود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ،1391
3
سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا ﺪﺷﺎﺑ.
ﻦﻳﺪﺑ ﺐﻴﺗﺮﺗ ﻲﻣ ناﻮﺗ ﻪﺠﻴﺘﻧ ﺖﻓﺮﮔ يﺎـﻣد ﻪـﻛ ﻦﻴﻳﺎـﭘ
ﺐﺟﻮﻣ اﺰﻓاﺶﻳ ﺮﺛا ﺪﺿ ﻲﺑوﺮﻜﻴﻣ يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ هرﺎﺼﻋ
ﺪﺷ .ﻲﻣ ﻦﻳاﺮﺑﺎﻨﺑ ﺖـﻈﻠﻏ زا ﻪـﻛ دﻮـﻤﻧ دﺎﻬﻨـﺸﻴﭘ ناﻮـﺗ يﺎـﻫ
هﺪـﻧراﺪﻬﮕﻧ ﻚـﻳ ناﻮـﻨﻋ ﻪـﺑ ﺎﻣد ﻦﻳا رد هرﺎﺼﻋ ﻦﻳا ﻦﻴﻳﺎﭘ
سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا ﺪﺿ ﻪﻠﻤﺟ زا ﻲﻳﺎﻳﺮﺘﻛﺎﺑﺪﺿ ﻲﻌﻴﺒﻃ سﻮﺋرا
رد ﺖﻌﻨﺻ هدرواﺮﻓ و ﺖﺷﻮﮔ نآ يﺎﻫ دﻮﺷ هدﺎﻔﺘﺳا.
ﮕﺳﺎﭙﺳيرا
زا ﺖــﻧوﺎﻌﻣ مﺮــﺘﺤﻣ وﮋﭘﻲــﺸﻫ و ﺰــﻛﺮﻣ تﺎــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻳوراد هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد مﻮـﻠﻋ ﻲﻜـﺷﺰﭘ دﺮﻛﺮﻬـﺷ ﺖـﻬﺟ
ــﻦﻴﻣ ﻪــﻨﻳﺰﻫ و تﺎــﻧﺎﻜﻣا و نﺎــﻨﻛرﺎﻛ ﺰــﻛﺮﻣ تﺎــﻘﻴﻘﺤﺗ
نﺎﻫﺎﻴﮔ ﻲﻳوراد ﻪﺑ ﻞﻴﻟد يرﺎﻜﻤﻫ رد ياﺮـﺟا ﻦـﻳا ﻖـﻴﻘﺤﺗ
ﺮﻜﺸﺗ و ﻲﻧادرﺪﻗ ﻪﺑ ﻞﻤﻋ ﻲﻣ ﺪﻳآ.
References
1. Moradi B, Mashak Z, Akhondzadeh Basti A,
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ﺮﺛا ﺪﺿ ﺮﮔﺮﺒﻤﻫ رد يزاﺮﻴﺷ ﻦﺸﻳوآ سﻮﺋرا سﻮﻛﻮﻛﻮﻠﻴﻓﺎﺘﺳا
نارﺪﻧزﺎﻣ ﻲﻜﺷﺰﭘ مﻮﻠﻋ هﺎﮕﺸﻧاد ﻪﻠﺠﻣ هرودمود و ﺖﺴﻴﺑ ، ﻪﻣﺎﻧ هﮋﻳو1 ﺪﻨﻔﺳا ،1391
4
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... mg/g gallic acid equivalent. (Sharafati-Chaleshtori et al., 2013). Phenol ingredients are mainly responsible for antibacterial properties of the extract and essential oil probably by causing multiple holes in bacteria cell membrane (Mashak and Moradi, 2012). ...
... Phenol ingredients are mainly responsible for antibacterial properties of the extract and essential oil probably by causing multiple holes in bacteria cell membrane (Mashak and Moradi, 2012). In a study, this plant was shown to have antioxidant and protective activities against Staphylococcus aureus in meat (Sharafati-Chaleshtori et al., 2013). Linalool and p-cymene as two main constituents of this plant, are responsible for spasmolytic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties of Z. multiflora (Khazdair et al., 2018). ...
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Objective: Zataria multiflora has been reported to have several medicinal properties including antioxidant, antibacterial, antispasmodic, and expectorant activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Z. multiflora hydro-alcoholic extract (ZMHE) on peptic ulcer caused by indomethacin in rats. Materials and methods: ZMHE was prepared by maceration, condensed by rotary evaporator and dried by a freeze-drier. In this study, 72 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 12 groups, six in each including: normal rats, control rats, ranitidine-treated, and animals that were treated with ZMHE (100, 200, 400 mg/kg). Parenteral and oral treatments were done 1 and 2 hours, respectively before gastric ulcer induction by indomethacin (25 mg/kg, i.p.). After 6 hours, animals were sacrificed, two sides of the stomach were ligated and gastric contents and tissues were investigated in terms of pH and biochemical and histologic parameters, respectively. Results: ZMHE (at all doses) considerably decreased the ulcer area and ulcer severity in comparison to control group after oral and parenteral administration. Oral administration of this extract increased the pH of stomach contents while diminished pepsin activity in a dose-dependent manner. Following parenteral treatment, a significant difference in pH of stomach content was observed only by ZMHE 400mg/kg in comparison to control group. The myeloperoxidase (MPO) enzyme activity decreased in groups that received the extract via both oral and parenteral routes. Conclusion: It might be concluded that ZMHE could protect against experimental gastric ulcer induced by indomethacin and this action is probably mediated via reducing acid secretion and pepsin activity besides enhancing tissue antioxidant capacity.
... Antioxidants are compounds that increase shelf life by delaying rancidity and preventing bad taste and odor in fish. e use of antioxidants in the food industry is to prevent or reduce spoilage, maintain the desired quality, and increase the shelf life [8]. ...
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The present study aimed to investigate the effect of extracts of turmeric, cinnamon, and lemon on shelf life, macronutrients, and oxidative spoilage of the carp fish in cold storage at 4°C. Fishes were divided into five groups: control (NT); immersed fish in extracts of cinnamon, turmeric, and lemon (CTL); immersed fish in extracts of lemon and turmeric (LT); immersed fish in extracts of cinnamon and turmeric (CT); and immersed fish in extracts of lemon and cinnamon (LC). Results showed immersion of the carp fillet in extracts of turmeric, cinnamon, and lemon improved spoilage indices such as thiobarbituric acid, volatile nitrogen bases, and pH. The used extracts maintained the nutritional value and increased the fish’s shelf life. The compounds existed in the studied extracts decreased the values of the spoilage indices during cold storage. The highest spoilage indices were found for CL and CT treatments, and the lowest was for CTL treatment. The total bacterial load as well as the number of psychrophilic bacteria in the fish fillet found a significant decrease compared to the NT. Therefore, the best treatment was CTL, and inappropriate treatments were CT and CL. The fish shelf life for nine days was extended with the used extracts because the total count of cryophilic bacteria was 0.41 × 104 ± 0.50, which was the lowest compared to other treatments.
... Its antioxidant property is due to free radical production chain with one hydrogen atom to break up fat oxide and subsequent delay that able to inhibit linoleic acid oxidation . Thyme has also antibacterial effect and could be used as an antibacterial preservative in hamburger or other meat products (Sharafati Chaleshtori, et al., 2013). ...
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In this study, effect of Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) ultrasonic extract on the quality of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix surimi was evaluated. For this purpose, the leaves of Thymus vulgaris were dried, grinded and soaked in methanol (1:10 w/v) for 30 min at 45˚C and sonicated at 30 kHz for 15 min at 40˚C. The extract was suspended by Dimethyl sulphoxide and mixed with surimi (0.4 and 0.8% w/w). Then, the analysis of chemical (free fatty acid, peroxide value, Thiobarbituric acid and total volatile base nitrogen) and microbial (mesophilic and psychrotrophic viable count) properties of the samples were done at specific intervals after zero, 4, 8, 12 and 16 days of storage at 2 ºC. Results of chemical and microbial analysis showed that 0.8% concentration of T. vulgaris could increase the shelf life of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix surimi and there is significant difference between control and treated samples. Moreover, the results could be claimed that the T. vulgaris due to marvelous antioxidant and antimicrobial component such as thymol (52.17%), ρ-cymene (14.42%), carvacrol (9.11%) and γ-terpinene (4.45%) has significant effect on preventing the Hypophthalmichthys molitrix surimi oxidation and microbial growth. The results also showed ultrasound was the effective way to extract the Thymus vulgaris beneficial compounds.
... Abdali et al. described that the presence of thymol and carvacrol in Zm is responsible for its antioxidant activity [29]. There are many reports on the antioxidant and antidiabetic effects of Zm and Op which agree with our results [16,26,[30][31][32][33]. Lineweaver-Burk plot is frequently used for identification of the likely mechanism of enzyme inhibition [34]. ...
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In efforts to identify herbal drugs which may become useful in the prevention of diabetes, antioxidant potentials and α-amylase inhibiton by the ethanol extracts of two plants belong to Laminaceae family including Otostegia persica and Zataria multiflora and their different fractions were studied. Also, inhibition of α-amylase by Salvia mirzayanii and its fractions was evaluated. All of the samples exhibited antioxidant activities, among which ethyl acetate fraction of Zataria multiflora (17.21± 0.17 mg GAE/g) was found to contain the highest amounts of phenols and the ethyl acetate fraction of Zataria multiflora (218± 2.76 mg QUE/g) had the most values of flavonoids. Ethyl acetate fraction of Zataria multiflora (IC50= 3.05± 0.51 µg/ml) was shown to have the most reducing power and the ethyl acetate fraction of Zataria multiflora (IC50= 32.17± 1.82 µg/ml) exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging. The ethyl acetate fraction of Otostegia persica (99.39± 0.94%) showed the highest α-amylase inhibitory activity which was similar to acarbose used as a standard. Mode of α-amylase inhibition of the most samples was uncompetitive except ZMC, OPP, OPC and SMP which presented competitive inhibition. The present findings showed that studied samples may have some compounds with antioxidant and antidiabetis effects. Keywords: Antioxidant activities, α-amylase inhibition, Kinetic study, Otostegia persica, Zataria multiflora, Salvia mirzayanii
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Zataria multiflora Boiss) ‫در‬ (‫ﻣﺘﻔﺎوت‬ ‫اﻛﻮﻟﻮژﻳﻜﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﺮاﻳﻂ‬ ‫ﻧﻴﻚ‬ ‫اﺣﻤﺪ‬ ‫زاد‬ 1 ‫ﺷﺮف‬ ‫ﺷﻬﺮام‬ ، ‫زاده‬ 2 ‫ﻋﻠﻴﺰاده‬ ‫اردﻻن‬ ، 3 ‫اﻣﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﻬﺮام‬ ، 4 ‫ﺑﺬراﻓﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻓﺮود‬ ، 4 ‫درﻳﺎﻓﺖ:‬ 19 / 4 / 99 ‫ﭘﺬﻳﺮش:‬ 10 / 9 / 99 ‫ﭼﻜﻴﺪه‬ ‫ﺣﺎﺿﺮ،‬ ‫ﺗﺤﻘﻴﻖ‬ ‫در‬ 4 ‫اﻛﻮﺗﻴﭗ‬ ‫ﮔﻴ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻧﻲ‬ ‫)اﺳﺘﻬﺒﺎن،‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮازي‬ ‫آوﻳﺸﻦ‬ ‫داروﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﻛﻮﺗﻴﭗ،‬ ‫ﺑﺮﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻨﻈﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻻرﺳﺘﺎن(،‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎ‬ ‫رﻳﺰ،‬ ‫آﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻛﻞ،‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺤﺘﻮاي‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﺲ،‬ ‫اﺟﺰاي‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﺲ،‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫ﻟﺤﺎظ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺑﺮرﺳﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﮔﻴﺮي‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻘﻄﻴﺮ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺼﻞ‬ ‫ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﮔﺎز‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاف‬ ‫ﮔﺎز‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺳﭙﺲ‬ ‫اﻧﺠﺎم،‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻮﻧﺠﺮ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬ ‫آب،‬ ‫ﻛﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻃﻮر‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﮔﺮدﻳﺪ.‬ ‫آﻧﺎﻟﻴﺰ‬ ‫ﺟﺮﻣﻲ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺞ‬ ‫ﻃﻴﻒ‬ 52 ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫دﻫﻨﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺸﻜﻴﻞ‬ ‫ﻋﻤﺪه‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺷﺪ،‬ ‫ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺷﻴﺮازي‬ ‫آوﻳﺸﻦ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ:‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻤﻮل‬) 35 / 54-41 / 34 % ‫ﭘﺎراﺳﻴﻤ‬ ،(‫ﻦ‬) 85 / 19-49 / 9 ،(% ‫ﮔﺎﻣﺎﺗﺮﭘﻴﻨﻦ‬ ) 70 / 16-34 / 7 ،(% ‫ﻛﺎرواﻛﺮول‬) 34 / 15-35 / 5 ‫ﺑﻮدﻧﺪ.‬ (% ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫آﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮل‬ ‫آزاد‬ ‫رادﻳﻜﺎل‬ ‫ﻣﻬﺎر‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺳﻴﻮﻛﺎﻟﺘﻮ‬ ‫ﻓﻮﻟﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﺳﻨﺠﻲ‬ ‫رﻧﮓ‬ ‫روش‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ،‬ ‫ﺑﻪ‬ ‫ﻣﺘﺎﻧﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬ 2 ‫و‬ 2 ‫دي‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻴﻞ،‬ 1) ‫ﻫﻴﺪرازﻳﻞ‬ ‫ﭘﻴﻜﺮﻳﻞ‬ DPPH (‫ﺗ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﺗﻌﻴﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻ‬ ‫ﻛﺎراﻳﻲ‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺎﻳﻊ‬ ‫ﻛﺮوﻣﺎﺗﻮﮔﺮاﻓﻲ‬ ‫دﺳﺘﮕﺎه‬ ‫از‬ ‫اﺳﺘﻔﺎده‬ ‫ﺑﺎ‬ ‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ،‬ ‫ﻫﺎي‬) HPLC (‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺨﺺ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻛﻞ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻞ‬ 66 / 234 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 28 / 302 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻘﺎدﻳﺮ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ ‫ﻣﺘﻐﻴﻴﺮ‬ ‫ﺧﺸﻚ‬ ‫وزن‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫ﮔﺎﻟﻴﻚ‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫آﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﺧﺎﺻﻴﺖ‬ ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬ ‫از‬ ‫ﻧﻴﺰ‬ 63 / 348 ‫ﺗﺎ‬ 76 / 453 ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﻣﻴﻠﻲ‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﮔﺮم‬ ‫اﻋﻼ‬ ‫ﻟﻴﺘﺮ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫م‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻋﺼﺎره‬ ‫در‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫ﺗﻤﺎﻣﻲ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻛﻮﺋﺮﺳﺘﻴﻦ‬ ‫ﻛﺎرواﻛﺮول،‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻤﻮل،‬ ‫ﺷﺎﻣﻞ:‬ ‫ﻫﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﻪ‬ ‫داد‬ ‫ﻧﺸﺎن‬ ‫ﻧﺘﺎﻳﺞ‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ ‫اﺳﻴﺪ‬ ‫رزﻣﺎرﻳﻚ‬ ‫ﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫ﺑﻮد.‬ ‫دارا‬ ‫را‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻤﻮل‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫و‬ ‫اﺳﺎﻧﺲ‬ ‫درﺻﺪ‬ ‫ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫رﻳﺰ‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﺎت‬ ‫ﻣﻴﺰان‬ ‫ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮﻳﻦ‬ ‫آﻧﺘﻲ‬ ‫ﻓﻌﺎﻟﻴﺖ‬ ‫ﻻرﺳﺘ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫در‬ ‫اﻛﺴﻴﺪاﻧﻲ‬ ‫ﭘﻠﻲ‬ ‫ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺐ‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﺎن‬ ‫ﺷﺪ.‬ ‫ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪه‬ ‫ﻓﺴﺎ‬ ‫ﺗﻮده‬ ‫در‬ ‫و‬ ‫ﺗﻴﻤﻮل‬ ‫ﻏﺎﻟﺐ،‬ ‫ﻓﻨﻮﻟﻲ
Article
Zataria multiflora Boiss. belonging to the family Lamiaceae is an important folkloric medicinal plant in Fars province, Southwestern Iran. In this study, essential oil constituents, phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities from the aerial parts of Z. multiflora collected from different natural habitats of Fars province were investigated. The essential oil of all samples was extracted by hydro-distillation using Clevenger type apparatus and analyzed using GC and GC-MS. The main chemical constituents were, thymol (34.41 - 54.35 %), p-cymene (9.49 - 19.85 %), γ-terpinene (7.34 - 16.70 %), carvacrol (5.35 - 15.34 %) and α-pinene (1.63 - 5.25 %). The total phenolic content and the antioxidant activity of methanolic extracts were determined with the Folin-Ciocalteau reagent and by the 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging assay, respectively. Total phenols varied from 234.66 to 302.28 mg gallic acid equivalents/g dry weight, and IC50 values in the radical scavenging assay ranged from 348.63 to 453.76 mg/mL. The antimicrobial activity of the essential oils was individually evaluated against Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Escherichia coli and Candida albicans using disc diffusion and serial dilution methods. The oils obtained from different geographical habitat showed high activity against four medically important pathogens. The results support the traditional usage and also possible use of Z. multiflora essential oil and extracts in the food, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries.
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Background and purpose: Antibiotic resistance has prompted the use of medicinal plants with low side effects instead of common drugs. The aim of this study was to identify the contamination level of industrial hamburgers to salmonella, detecting their antibiotic resistance pattern, and their sensitivity to Ferula gummosa, Citrus limon, Rosmarinus officinalis, Pelargonium roseum, Zataria multiflora, Bunium persicum, Mentha piperita, Eucalyptus globulus, Lavandula angustifolia, Rosa damascene, Artemisia dracunculus, and Ocimum basilicum essential oils. Materials and methods: In a cross-sectional study, 100 samples were randomly purchased from local markets in Kashan and evaluated for occurrence of Salmonella by culture media. Antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates was evaluated using disc diffusion. Also, susceptibility of the isolates to 12 plant essential oils was evaluated by disc diffusion and microdilution methods. Results: Two samples (2%) were contaminated with Salmonella that one was Salmonella serogroup C2 (antigen O8) and the other isolate was not in any serogroup. Disk diffusion method showed that the two isolates were 100% resistant to at least one antibiotic or more. The isolates were resistant to most of the antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, kanamycin, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid. The inhibitory effect of Zataria multiflora essential oil on growth of Salmonella was the highest with minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration of 0.39 and 0.78 mg/mL, respectively, and the mean zone of inhibition growth of 23.67±1.18 mm. Conclusion: Antibiotic resistance of Salmonella isolated from hamburgers was high. The essential oils used in this study exhibited high anti-Salmonella properties compared to common antibiotics and could be used as a beneficial medicinal plant. © 2017, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. All rights reserved.
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Background: Bacillus cereus is a spore-forming food-borne pathogen often associated with food products such as meat, vegetables, soup, rice, and milk and other dairy products. The use of plant-derived antimicrobial compounds such as Zataria multiflora Boiss. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. essential oils as natural preservatives inhibits the growth of several pathogens. Objective: The objective of this survey is evaluation the antibacterial combination effect of multiflora Boiss. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. essential oils on Bacillus cereus in a food model. Methods: Effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora Boiss. and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. essential oils on growth of Bacillus cereus were evaluated in commercial barely soup in two storage temperature (10 and 25°C) at certain intervals. Results: The growth of Bacillus cereus was significantly decreased by Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil 45 μl 100 ml-1 concentration, combination with Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. essential oil 30μl 100ml -1 in 10°C(p < 0.05). In 25 °C by Zataria multiflora essential oil 30 and 40μl 100ml-1, the growth of B. cereus was lower significantly (p < 0.05). Conclusion: The combination of Zataria multiflora Boiss. essential oil and Cinnamomum zeylanicum Nees. essential oils in 10 °C, and Zataria multiflora single in 25°C exhibits inhibitory effects on growth of B. cereus. Combination of these essential oils together in small amounts can inhibit growth of B. cereus significantly; so be maintain the acceptable sensory properties of foods.
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The effects of different concentrations of Zataria multiflora essential oils at concentrations of 0, 0.005, 0.015, 0.045, 0.135, 0.405 and 0.810% on the growth of Staphylococcus aureus were studied in a food model system, light salted fillets of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) at storage temperature of 10°C for 21 days. The results showed that there was no significant difference in bacterial growth between samples treated with different concentrations of Z. multiflora essential oil and control group immediately post-inoculation. However, there was significant difference in growth of S. aureus between samples treated with concentration of 0.135 of Z. multiflora essential oil and control samples (P<0.05) on 2 and 6 days post-storage. No significant difference was observed on the growth of S. aureus in samples treated with lower concentrations of Z. multiflora (below 0.045%) compared with control group (P>0.05) except of 1-day post-storage. The most inhibitorial effects were observed in the samples treated with 0.405% and 0.810% of Z. multiflora essential oil up to 9 and 12 days post- storage, respectively.
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The present study explores the chemical constitution and antioxidant activity of the essential oils of the aerial parts of Artemisia dracunculus L. and the flower heads of Matricaria chamomilla L. GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of (Z)-anethole (51.72%), (Z)-β-ocimene (8.32%), methyleugenol (8.06%), limonene (4.94%) and linalool (4.41%) in Artemisia dracunculus and (E)-β-farnesene (24.19%), guaiazulene (10.57%), α-bisabolol oxide A (10.21%), α-farnesene (8.7%) and α-bisabolol (7.27%) in M. chamomilla L. The antioxidant activity (AOA) of the essential oils was investigated using DPPH • (2, 2'-diphenyl 1-picrylhydrazyl) free radical scavenging and β-carotene/linoleic acid methods. The essential oil EC 50 values were determined as 3.19±0.13 and 5.63±0.20 mg ml -1 for A. dracunculus and M. chamomilla, respectively. Further, the A. dracunculus L. essential oil (ADEO) and M. chamomilla L. essential oil (MCEO) were able to reduce the oxidation rate of soybean oil under accelerated conditions at 60 °C (oven test).
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In recent years, emphasis has been placed on the use of natural materials in the control and treatment of various infections, as some chemically synthesized drugs have undesirable side eff ects. In this study, the ethanol extract of Iranian walnut leaves was examined for antibacterial activities on Streptococcus mutans, Streptococcus salivarius, Streptococcus sanguinis, and Actinomyces viscosus using the microdilution method. Total phenols, fl avonoids, and fl avonols were also determined colorimetrically. Th e minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) for ethanolic extract ranged between 15.6 and 187.5 mg/mL and minimum bactericidal concentrations (MBC) ranged between 31.25 and 250 mg/mL. Total phenols were 410 ± 14.43 mg/g gallic acid equivalent, and total fl avonols and fl avonoids were 270 ± 22.33 and 330 ± 12.21 mg/g rutin equivalent, respectively. Th ese fi ndings show that Iranian walnut leaves have antibacterial eff ects on the 4 examined bacteria and may be a suitable alternative remedy for protection and treatment of dental plaque due to these microorganisms.
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This study is designed to examine the chemical composition and in vitro antioxidant activity of the essential oil and various extracts of Origanum rotundifolium Boiss. from Turkey. The total of the 40 identified components accounted for 97.23% (GC) and 95.10% (FID) of the total oil. Major components of the oil were borneol, terpinen-4-ol, and spathulenol. To determine the presence of well known and widespread phenolic compounds, water-soluble extract of O. rotundifolium was analyzed by HPLC. In the methanol-soluble extract, caffeic acid, p-coumaric acid, (+)-catechin, and ferulic acid were found in several quantities. Antioxidant activity of the essential oil and extracts of O. rotundifolium has been determined by four different test systems namely DPPH, β β β β-carotene/linoleic acid, chelating effect and reducing power. A strong correlation was observed between the radical scavenging capacity and polarity of the extracts. The methanol-soluble extract which contains the most polar phytochemicals showed the strongest antioxidant effect in all test systems. As expected, amount of the total phenolics and flavonoids was very high in methanol-soluble extract.