Rashmi Aggarwal

Indian Agricultural Research Institute | IARI · Division of Plant Pathology

Background Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease, incited by Tilletia indica. It limits India’s trade in wheat export. The teliospores are major source of inoculum to initiate and spread the Karnal bunt disease. The study aimed to identify the germination-related genes in the teliospores of T. indica. Methods and results The cand...

Wheat, a staple food crop for 35% of the global population, faces a threat from Helminthosporium leaf blight (HLB), a complex of spot blotch (Bipolaris sorokiniana) and tan spot (Pyrenophora-tritici-repentis) diseases under warm and humid conditions. However, in Indian conditions, the knowledge of existing pathogen populations associated with the H...

Bakanae disease caused by Fusarium fujikuroi is emerging in India. In this work, fungicides and biocontrol agents were evaluated as seed, seedling treatment, and foliar spray(s) against bakanae disease in rice under field conditions. Carbendazim (50% WP) was found to be the most effective fungicide for seed and seedling root dip treatments. Soil dr...

Unlabelled: Chaetomium globosum Kunze, an internationally recognized biocontrol fungus. It mycoparasitizes various plant pathogens and produce antifungal metabolites to suppress the growth of pathogenic fungi. Lack of detailed genome level diversity studies has delimited the development and utilization of potential C. globosum strains. The present...

Spot blotch is a devastating disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana. The present investigation aimed to identify the resistant sources in indigenous bread wheat genotypes against spot blotch of wheat. A set of 188 wheat accessions were evaluated against spot blotch under net-house and field conditions. The mean disease severity at the see...

Bioconsortia, based on Chaetomium globosum (isolate CgCG-2), Pseudomonas putida (PpTS-1), Bacillus subtilis (BsS2BC-1), and Trichoderma harzianum (ThS17TH), were designed to develop eco-friendly alternatives for biocontrol of vascular wilt of tomato caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol). In vitro compatibilities of microbes in these...

Potato dry rot disease caused by multiple Fusarium species is a major global concern in potato production. In this investigation, the tubers of cultivars Kufri Jyoti and Kufri Frysona were artificially inoculated with an individual or combined inoculum of Fusarium sambucinum and Fusarium solani. Fusarium sambucinum caused a significantly higher les...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.1048578.].

The Talaromyces’ story started about 100 years ago, with isolation and description of the first strain, albeit under another name. It continued with taxonomic studies, secondary metabolites identification, and the study of their effect on biological models. Subsequently, it continued with attempts to apply this strain in agriculture for biocontrol...

The bakanae disease of rice, or foolish seedling disease, is a well-known pathogen infecting rice hosts. Several studies have characterized Fusarium fujikuroi isolates collected from distant geographical regions and within similar geographical areas for secondary metabolite production, population structure, and diversity analysis, but none have att...

Karnal bunt of wheat is an important quarantine disease that interrupts India’s wheat trade in the international market.The whole transcriptome of germinating and dormant teliospores of Tilletia indica was performed using the RNA Seq approach to identify germination-related genes. Approximately 63 million reads were generated using the RNA sequenci...

Physiological races of 14 strains of Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. lycopersici were established by PCR profiling SIX gene expressions. No amplification of the SIX4 (Avr1) gene was observed in any of the 14 strains. Based on amplification of the SIX3 (Avr2) gene, 6 strains were distinguished as race 2. Race 2 strains are known to contain identical SIX3 s...

C. globosum is an endophytic fungus, which is recorded effective against several fungal and bacterial diseases in plants. The exclusively induce defense as mechanism of biocontrol for C. globosum against phyto-pathogens is reported. Our pervious study states the effectiveness of induced defense by C. globosum (Cg), in tomato against Alternaria sola...

Karnal bunt (Tilletia indica Mitra) is an internationally quarantined disease of wheat. Until now, very little information has been available on the molecular basis of resistance and pathogenicity of T. indica. To investigate the molecular basis of host–pathogen interaction, the transcriptome of T. indica inoculated resistant (HD29) and susceptible...

Background Fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae is one of the most significant pathogens of rice and much responsible for yield losses thereby emerging as a major risk to food security. Methods In the present study transcriptomic analysis was conducted between two contrasting resistant (C101A51) and susceptible (Rasi) genotypes of rice with the comb...

Ustilaginoidea virens is the fungal pathogen causing an emerging false smut disease which affects crop yield as well as deteriorates quality of the grains by producing mycotoxins. High quality genome of U. virens isolate UV2_4G was sequenced using Nanopore and Illumina HiSeq 2000 sequencing platforms. The total assembled genome of Indian isolate UV...

Bakanae disease is an emerging problem of Basmati rice (Oryza sativa L.) in India and most of the basmati rice varieties are susceptible to this disease. Present study was carried out to evaluate and identify effective fungicide against bakanae disease of rice for which 12 fungicides (single and in combination) were evaluated against the bakanae di...

Aim: To understand the mechanism of necrosis incited by a host-selective phytotoxin designated as Rhizoctonia solani toxin (RST) identified to be a potential pathogenic factor of Rhizoctonia solani AG1 IA, causing sheath blight (ShB) of rice. Methods and results: The metabolomic changes induced by the phytotoxic metabolite in a ShB susceptible r...

Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana Boerma (Sacc.) is an emerging problem in South Asian countries. Whole genome of a highly virulent isolate of B. sorokiniana BS112 (BHU, Uttar Pradesh; Accession no. GCA_004329375.1) was sequenced using a hybrid assembly approach. Secreted proteins, virulence gene(s), pathogenicity-related...

Rice false smut is emerging as one of the most devastating rice fungal disease. The disease not only causes severe yield loss and grain quality reduction, but also threatens food safety due to production of mycotoxins in rice grains which raises great concerns for food and feed safety. This chapter describes the biology of the false smut pathogen U...

Tilletia indica is a quarantine fungal pathogen that poses a serious biosecurity threat to wheat-exporting countries. Acquiring genetic data for the pathogenicity characters of T. indica is still a challenge for wheat breeders and geneticists. In the current study, double digest restriction-site associated-DNA genotyping by sequencing was carried o...

Cytokinin glucosyltransferases (CGTs) are key enzymes of plants for regulating the level and function of cytokinins. In a genomic identification of rice CGTs, 41 genes with the plant secondary product glycosyltransferases (PSPG) motif of 44-amino-acid consensus sequence characteristic of plant uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glycosyltransferases (UGTs) w...

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.748013.].

Background Fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae is one of the most significant pathogen of rice and much responsible for yield losses thereby emerging as a major risk to food security. Methods In the present study transcriptomic analysis was conducted between two contrasting resistant (C101A51) and susceptible (Rasi) genotypes of rice with the combin...

Tilletia indica is a floret infecting fungal pathogen of wheat inciting Karnal bunt disease of wheat. Simple sequence repeats are widely used to uncover the population structures in fungi. In present study, a total of 5,772 simple sequence repeat loci were identified in the T. indica genome. In silico analysis, forty microsatellite markers were use...

Plant pests, pathogens, and their causal diseases account for more than 40% evidential crop loss. They naturally impede the overall growth and yield of cultivated and stored crops. Measures taken to reduce this damage prompted the use of chemicals as pesticides that, with stern efficiency, repressed pest injury and their infection in the host plant...

Bipolaris sorokiniana (Teleomorph: Cochliobolus sativus), causal agent of spot blotch of wheat, emerges as a serious concern for yield losses to wheat crop in warm and humid regions of the world. Due to global warming and late sowing of wheat crop, spot blotch becomes a major concern worldwide. Spot blotch mainly occurs in North eastern plain zone...

Chaetomium globosum is a cosmopolitan fungus which has great potential as a biocontrol agent. Apart from being an effective biocontrol agent, C. globosum is reported to have promising effects on plant growth and development. In this study, we evaluated effect of five delivery methods of C. globosum Cg-2 (seed treatment, drenching of rhizosphere and...

Potato stands first as a non-cereal food crop for global consumption purposes. During the year 2019–20, dry rot disease symptoms were observed on potato tubers of the cultivar ‘Kufri Pukhraj’ kept in a cold store in the Moga district of Punjab State of India. Initial symptoms were observed as wrinkled and shriveled tubers with necrotic lesions on t...

Though the vascular wilt of tomato caused by the species of Fusarium is globally reported to be a complex disease in certain countries, for example, India, our studies indicated that the disease is caused by either Fusarium oxysporum f. spp. lycopersici (Fol) or Fusarium solani (FS) with the Fol being widely prevalent. In assessing the genetic dive...

Fusarium is a major spoilage fungus of potato tubers during post-harvest storage. The dry rot disease caused by Fusarium species severely affects the harvested potatoes and impose a critical loss to processing industries and consumers. In our experiment, we investigated the occurrence of Fusarium sambucinum (FS) and Fusarium oxysporum (FO) as major...

Leaf rust caused by Puccinia triticina is an important disease of wheat and Lr24 gene confers resistance to all known pathotypes of P. triticina in India. Transcripts associated with the Lr24 mediated resistance were identified through transcriptome sequencing and further expression analysis of differentially regulated genes was performed using qPC...

Chaetomium globosum is a potential biological control agent effective against various plant pathogens. Several reports are available on the mycoparastism and antibiosis mechanisms of C. globosum against plant pathogenic fungi, whereas a few states induced resistance. The potential induced defense component of C. globosum (Cg-2) was evaluated agains...

Fusarium is a major fungal pathogen of potato tubers during postharvest storage. The dry rot disease caused by Fusarium species is consistently emerging as a critical concern due to its severe effects on the processing quality of tubers. An experiment was conducted to investigate the changes in pathophysiological parameters after infection of Fusar...

Sheath blight disease caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn (teleomorph; Thanatephorus cucumeris) is a major constraint in rice production. Among the different anastomosis groups (AGs) of Rhizoctonia solani, AG1-IA causes sheath blight of rice, which induce necrotic lesions on leaf sheaths of the infected plants. Several reports contradict the host spe...

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and rice (Oryza sativa L.) are the two most important food grain crops cultivated worldwide. In present scenario of climate change as well as changing cropping system, the spot blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana and brown spot of rice caused by Bipolaris oryzae have resulted in great losses to food grain yi...

Molecular markers are fast, reliable and robust for early detection of pathogens. They need unique stable regions specific to pathogens for developing good diagnostics. The multiple sequence alignment and phylogenetic studies of conserved loci such as Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS), Translation elongation factor 1α (TEF-1α), β-tubulin gene and g...

Background: Spot blotch disease of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana Boerma (Sacc.) is an emerging problem in South Asian countries. In this study, whole genome of highly virulent isolate of Bipolaris sorokiniana (BS112) was sequenced, pathogenicity related gene(s) were identified and role of ToxA gene in spot blotch disease development was est...

During 2019-20 crop season, India harvested record wheat production of 107.19 mt from an area of 30.5 mha thereby registering an all-time high productivity. The most serious fungal diseases which affect wheat production are rusts, spot blotch, Karnal bunt, head scab, powdery mildew, flag smut and loose smut. Recently outbreaks of Fusarium head blig...

The fungus reported to be a potential antagonist of various soil and seed borne plant pathogens. C. globosum mycoparasitizes and produce antifungal metabolites which suppress the growth of the pathogenic fungi. Despite sufficient knowledge available on secondary metabolites of C. globosum and their wide biological activities, limited literatures ar...

Trichoderma biopriming enhances rice growth in drought-stressed soils by triggering various plant metabolic pathways related to antioxidative defense, secondary metabolites, and hormonal upregulation. In the present study, transcriptomic analysis of rice cultivar IR64 bioprimed with Trichoderma harzianum under drought stress was carried out in comp...

India’s wheat production has reached 107.19 million tonnes during 2019–2020. Now country is in a position to export wheat to other countries. However, Karnal bunt disease is a major constraint in wheat export and causes huge monetary loss to wheat trade. The disease is caused by a typical basidiomycetes fungus Tilletia indica. It is an important qu...

Karnal bunt of wheat is an internationally quarantined disease affecting trade, quality, and production of wheat. During 2015–2016, a severe outbreak of Karnal bunt disease occurred in north-western plain zone of India. The present study was undertaken to decipher genetic variations in Indian isolates of Tilletia indica collected from different loc...

Chaetomium species are known as potential biocontrol agents against phytopathogens due to their multiple antagonistic mechanisms. Plant disease is controlled by Chaetomium exhibit complex interactions against plant pathogen under varied conditions. Previously, mycoparasitism and antibiosis have been reported as most effective mechanism exhibited by...

Chaetomium globosum Kunze is recognized as a potential biocontrol fungus against spot blotch of wheat caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana . Its molecular mechanism of biocontrol activity and the biosynthetic pathways involved have not been yet elucidated. Here, global transcriptome profiling of C. globosum strain Cg2 during interaction with B. sorokini...

ABSTRACT Background: Mungbean (Vigna radiata L. Wilzeck) is one of the most important pulse crops and grown in almost all parts of the India. Web blight/wet root rot disease of mungbean is caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kühn. Crop environmental factors plays a vital role in the development of web blight disease caused by R. solani. An understanding o...

High incidence of stem rot in rice (Oryza sativa L.) caused by Sclerotium hydrophilum was observed in Eastern Gangetic plains of India including eastern Uttar Pradesh and Bihar states in rice-wheat irrigated ecosystem in the months of August and September of the years 2016-17 at the maximum tillering stage of the crop plants. A survey was conducted...

Rice false smut is an emerging disease of rice caused by Ustilaginoidea virens (Cooke) Takashi. Along with yield loss, the pathogen affects the quality of the grains and produces mycotoxins also. Isolation of the pathogen is difficult due to its slow growing nature which often leads to the contamination. Hence, an improved methodology for the isola...

Karnal bunt of wheat is an internationally quarantined disease caused by Tilletia indica. The disease is important in North-western plain zone of India. Till date no reference or complete genome of Tilletia indica is available and reported genomes are variable in size ranging from 26.7 to 43.7 Mb. Recently whole genome of Tilletia indica RAKB_UP_1...

Food losses due to crop infections caused by different pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi are persistent issues in agriculture for centuries across the globe. The timely detection and appropriate identification of casual agents associated with diseases of crop plants or seeds are considered to be the most important issue in formulating t...

The seed-borne diseases are of utmost importance as it reduces seed quality, inflicts changes in the chemical composition of infected seeds, and renders grains unfit for consumption. Severe infection leads to considerable reduction in the viability of seeds. Despite advances in development of disease-resistant varieties and other management methods...

The bakanae disease incited by Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg is becoming a serious threat to cultivation of rice, especially aromatic rice worldwide. The present study was conducted in the year 2016-17 at ICAR-Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi to study the effect of different abiotic factors (soil moisture, soil pH, soil type, and te...

Chaetomium globosum Kunze, is a ubiquitous filamentous fungus that commonly colonizes the soil and cellulose-containing substrates. The fungus has been reported to be a potential antagonist of various plant pathogens, most of which are soil borne and seed borne. Improved understanding of microbe- microbe interaction.in the rhizosphere would assist...

Bakanae caused by Fusarium fujikuroi (Nirenberg), is emerging as a serious threat for rice (Oryza sativa. L.) cultivation in India. In this study, 63 isolates of Fusarium fujikuroi isolated from symptomatic diseased plants were characterized for their morphology, pathogenicity and molecular variability using universal rice primers (URP). Of the 12...

Spot blotch of wheat caused by Cochliobolus sativus is an emerging disease in hot and humid climate. Breeding for resistance is most suitable approach for management of this disease. A collection of 55 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes were phenotyped for spot blotch resistance at seedling and adult plant stages. Based on phenotyping of 10 day...

Bipolaris sorokiniana is a devastating fungal pathogen causing spot blotch of wheat. We report here the first draft genome of Bipolaris sorokiniana strain BS_112 from India using sequence reads from the Ion Torrent, Illumina HiSeq, and Nanopore platforms. The genome size was estimated at 35.64 Mb with an average G+C content of 50.20%.

Bakanae disease caused by Gibberella fujikuroi, Sawada, Wollenworth (teleomorph) (anamorph: Fusarium fujikuroi Nirenberg), is emerging as a serious disease of rice in India. Histopathological study of plant tissue during infection can provide valuable insight for understanding the pathogenesis and the mechanism of resistance. The early infection pr...

Stripe rust of wheat (Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici; Pst) incurs substantial yield losses in wheat worldwide. Two Indian Pst pathotypes 38S102 (I) and 46S119 (Yr9 virulence) showed incompatible and compatible interaction respectively in variety PBW 343. The histopathological study using confocal microscopy revealed that during incompatible int...

The Gibberella fujikuroi complex (GFC), consists of more than 50 anamorphs and 11 sexually fertile biological species (mating populations MP-A to MP-K) in the genus Fusarium is responsible for devastating diseases of economically important agricultural and horticultural plants. This species complex is known for variety of secondary metabolites like...

Karnal bunt of wheat is an internationally quarantined disease. One of the major constraints in exporting wheat is prevalence of Karnal bunt (KB). It is caused by Tilletia indica which is a heterothallic fungus and requires fusion of different mating types for causing infection. The growth efficiency and aggressiveness of plant pathogens are often...

Tilletia indica is an internationally quarantined fungal pathogen causing Karnal bunt of wheat. The present study carried out that the whole genome of T. indica was sequenced and identified transposable elements, pathogenicity-related genes using a comparative genomics approach. The T. indica genome assembly size of 33.7 MB was generated using Illu...

Karnal bunt of wheat is an internationally quarantined disease. One of the major constraints in exporting wheat is prevalence of Karnal bunt (KB). It is caused by Tilletia indica which is a heterothallic fungus and requires fusion of different mating types for causing infection. The growth efficiency and aggressiveness of plant pathogens are often...

The first draft genome sequence of the pearl millet blast pathogen Magnaporthe grisea PMg_Dl from India is presented. The genome information of M. grisea will be useful to understand the Magnaporthe speciation, genetic diversity, environmental adaptation, and pathogenic and host range determinants.

In India the epidemics of Fusarium hed blight (FHB) on wheat has occurred sporadically under warm and wet weather conditions during anthesis. The disease may cause considerable losses in grain yield and quality. The FHB resistance is quantitatively inherited in limited number of wheat genotypes. Therefore several genes up- or down-regulated in whea...

Papaya (Carica papaya L.) is an important commercial fruit crop having nutritional and pharmaceutical values. Anthracnose -caused by Colletotrichum gloeosporioides Penz. is one of the devastating postharvest diseases in papaya. A total ten isolates of C. gleosporioides were collected and identified through morphological and molecular method. The IT...

Bakanae caused by Fusarium fujikuroi (Nirenberg) is an emerging disease of rice in India. Although, two other pathogens are closely associated with the disease (F. proliferatum and F. verticillioides), F. fujikuroi is considered the major pathogen of this disease. Correct diagnosis and identification of the pathogen is the key to the successful man...

Key words: Citation: Maydis leaf blight (MLB) caused by is one of the most important fungal diseases of maize. The disease has its presence in almost all maize growing areas of India and world. The disease has the potential to reduce grain yield up to the extent of 41 per cent in susceptible cultivar. A study was conducted on histopathological and...

In India, all the three wheat rusts like yellow rust, brown rust, black rust are important. New pathotypes keep on evolving by overcoming the resistance genes present in the new wheat varieties; however, there is dominance of a few pathotypes in each kind of rust. Predominant pathotypes are 40-A and 40-1 (stem rust), 77-5, 104-2, 12-2 (leaf rust) a...

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) is one of the most devastating diseases of wheat (Triticum spp.) worldwide. Indian isolates were characterised based on their phenotypic reaction on differential hosts carrying different Yr genes. Based on virulence/avirulence structure, isolates were characterised into ten different p...

Aerial/web blight of mungbean is caused by Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. The infection process of R. solani was studied on the leaves of susceptible (Pusa Vishal) and resistant (Hum-1) cultivars of mungbean. Leaves and stem of 21 days old cultivars of mungbean were inoculated with the mycelium of freshly growing culture (2 mm) of R. solani isolate (RDLM...

Tilletia indica is an important quarantined fungal pathogen inciting Karnal bunt disease of wheat. In fungal pathogens, the Hog1-type MAPK is involved in response to various stresses and virulence. In the present study,we identified, characterized and analyzed functional expression of the TiHog1-type gene. As HOG1 homologous genes are salt-inducibl...

Leaf rust of wheat caused by Puccinia triticina has significant impact on wheat production worldwide. Effective and quick detection methodologies are required to mitigate yield loss and time constraints associated with monitoring and management of leaf rust of wheat. In the present study, detection of P. triticina has been simplified by developing...

Spot blotch caused by Bipolaris sorokiniana, is one of the major diseases of wheat in the humid and warmer wheat growing areas of India. Among the eight wheat genotypes that were evaluated with diverse ten B. sorokiniana isolates, Chirya 7 was found highly resistant to spot blotch and BS-112 was most aggressive isolate in comparison to other isolat...

NCBI sequences of ITS, β-tubulin, and ketopantoate reductase

Agarose gel showing amplified products.

Multiple sequence alignment of internal transcribed spacer 2.

Multiple sequence alignment of internal transcribed spacer 1.

Details of genes and primers.

Fusarium fujikuroi causing bakanae disease has emerged as one of the major pathogen of rice across the world. The study aims to comparative genomic analysis of Fusarium fujikuroi isolates and identification of the secretary proteins of the fungus involved in rice pathogenesis. In the present study, F. fujikuroi isolate “F250” was sequenced with an...

Wheat stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most important diseases of wheat worldwide. Detection of latent infection in leaves is critical for estimating the initial inoculum potential for causing epidemics. A loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay was developed and validated for the detection of P. s...

A total of 218 wild rice accessions including O. rufipogon and O. nivara were evaluated under artificial inoculation for resistance to sheath blight disease for two years under field conditions. The germplasm identified as resistant to sheath blight were further evaluated through artificial inoculation for an additional year under glass house condi...

Stripe rust is considered as the current major rust disease affecting winter cereal production across the world. A quick, reliable PCR-based marker was developed here to detect, identify and rapidly monitor Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici (Pst) in wheat-growing areas. Three respective sets of primers, designed from β-tubulin, squalene monooxyge...

Tilletia indica, commonly called Karnal bunt, is an internationally quarantined wheat fungal pathogen which affects commercial seed trading as well as the quality of wheat grain for consumption. The teliospores of Tilletia indica surviving in soil serve as the primary source of inoculum and play a major role in disease development. Proper identific...

Tilletia indica, commonly called Karnal bunt, is an internationally quarantined wheat fungal pathogen which affects commercial seed trading as well as the quality of wheat grain for consumption. The teliospores of Tilletia indica surviving in soil serve as the primary source of inoculum and play a major role in disease development. Proper identific...

Stripe rust caused by Puccinia striiformis f. sp. tritici is one of the most destructive diseases of wheat. It is emerging as an important constraint to wheat production worldwide and northern India. Host resistance is the most economical way of controlling respective pathogen. However, race-specific resistance is overcome by the evolution of new r...

Bipolaris sorokiniana is a hemibiotrophic fungus causing spot blotch of wheat and barley. The pathogen produces phytotoxins in culture that induces necrosis and play role in pathogenesis. Our results indicated the existence of variability based on host interactions with pathogen and toxin produced by the pathogen, separately. Twelve isolates of B....

The whole-genome assembly of a unique rice isolate from India, Magnaporthe oryzae RMg-Dl that causes blast disease in diverse cereal crops is presented. Analysis of the 34.82 Mb genome sequence will aid in better understanding the genetic determinants of host range, host jump, survival, pathogenicity, and virulence factors of M. oryzae .

The genome of Ralstonia solanacearum CaRs_Mep, a race 4/biovar 3/phylotype I bacterium causing wilt in small cardamom and other Zingiberaceae plants, was sequenced. Analysis of the 5.7-Mb genome sequence will aid in better understanding of the genetic determinants of host range, host jump, survival, pathogenicity, and virulence of race 4 of R. sola...

The leaf or brown rust of wheat caused by the fungus Puccinia triticina f.sp tritici is an important constraint for wheat production worldwide. Resistance to an array of leaf rust pathotypes and genetics of resistance to three pathotypes of P. recondita f. sp. tritici, 77-1 (109R63), 104B (29R23) and 106 (0R9) was studied in four Indian bread wheat...