ArticlePDF Available

A Review of Various Routing Protocols in VANET

Authors:
Rajashree Dutta
Rajashree Dutta
Rajashree Dutta
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Ranjana Thalore at Mody University of Science and Technology
Ranjana Thalore
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract

Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). VANET’s provide communication between vehicles moving on the roads.Many protocols have been adopted to serve different topology and scenarios. We introduce and reviewPosition based Routing Protocols, Broadcast based routing protocols, Multicast/Geocast routing protocols, Cluster based routing protocols. The survey of routing protocols in VANET is very essential and necessary for smart ITS. This paper also discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of the above mentioned routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. The challenges and perspectives of routing protocols for VANET’s are finally discussed.
Content uploaded by Ranjana Thalore
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Ranjana Thalore on Aug 28, 2018
Content may be subject to copyright.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-4, Issue-4, Apr- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.4.34 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
www.ijaers.com Page | 221
A Review of Various Routing Protocols in
VANET
Rajashree Dutta, Ranjana Thalore
Department of ECE, CET, Mody University, Lakshmangarh, India
Abstract—Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a
subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a
distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System
(ITS). VANET’s provide communication between vehicles
moving on the roads.Many protocols have been adopted
to serve different topology and scenarios. We introduce
and reviewPosition based Routing Protocols, Broadcast
based routing protocols, Multicast/Geocast routing
protocols, Cluster based routing protocols. The survey of
routing protocols in VANET is very essential and
necessary for smart ITS. This paper also discusses the
advantages / disadvantages and the applications of the
above mentioned routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc
networks. The challenges and perspectives of routing
protocols for VANET’s are finally discussed.
Keywords– Delay-bounded routing, MANET, Routing
protocols, VANET.
I. INTRODUCTION
MANET (mobile ad hoc network) is a network that has no
infrastructure and it has the ability to configure itself to
connect mobile devices using wireless channels. It is used
to supply each device to ceaselessly maintain the
information required to correctly route traffic [1]. Apart
from the safety applications, VANET’s broadcast
valuable, real-time information to the users such as transit
systems, weather information, mobile e-commerce,
internet access and other multimedia applications.
[5][6]Routing in Vehicular Ad hoc Networks is a
challenging task due to the unique characteristics of the
network such as high mobility of nodes, dynamically
changing topology and highly partitioned network.[2] The
performance of routing protocols depends on various
internal factors such as mobility of nodes and external
factors such as road topology and obstacles that block the
signal. [3] This demands a highly adaptive approach to
deal with the dynamic scenarios by selecting the best
routing and forwarding strategies and by using
appropriate mobility and propagation models.
II. ROUTING PROTOCOLS IN VANET
Fig. 1: Routing Protocols in VANET
Vehicle to Vehicle data transfer is one of the main
challenges within the design of VANET because it needs
to design a dynamic routing protocol. [4] Routing in
traditional MANET is different to the VANET routing
because of extremely dynamical topologies. Routing in
VANET can be classified into following major categories:
1. Position based Routing Protocols
In position based protocols, the routing decisions are
based on geographic position of the vehicles. [7][9] This
does not require establishment or maintenance of routes,
but requires location services to determine the position of
the destination. Some of the commonly used location
services include Global Position System (GPS), DREAM
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-4, Issue-4, Apr- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.4.34 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
www.ijaers.com Page | 222
Location Services (DLS), Reactive Location Services
(RLS) and Simple Location Services (SLS).[1] With the
advancement of GPS based location services, position
based routing protocols are gaining importance.
PROS:
Good performance in highway environment
Need of global route not required.
With high mobility in environment stability
increases.
CONS:
It needs global positioning system position (GPS).
GPS device stop working in tunnel.
Location server sometime goes into deadlock state.
2. Broadcast based routing protocols
This is the most commonly used routing protocol in
VANETs, particularly in safety related applications.[7] In
broadcast mode, a packet is sent to all (even unknown or
unspecified) nodes in the network and in turn each node
re-broadcasts the message to other nodes in the network.
Flooding is a prominent technique used in broadcast
routing protocols. [8] However, blind flooding results
inbroadcast storm problem. A broadcast storm can
overload the limited channel capacity, causing channel
congestion that reduces communication reliability.[2]
Broadcast routing is frequently used in VANET for
sharing, traffic, weather and emergency, road conditions
among vehicles and delivering advertisements and
announcements.[6] The various Broadcast routing
protocols are BROADCOMM, UMB, VTRADE, and
DV-CAST.
PROS:
Since packet is delivered via many nodes so the
packet transmission is reliable.
Minimize overhead by occurrence of broadcast
storms
CONS:
Consume the large amount of network bandwidth.
3. Multicast/geocast routing protocols
Multicast routing enables dissemination of messages from
single source to a group of starting point nodes of
interest.[5][7] Geocast routing is basically a location
based multicast routing, which aims to deliver
information from a source node to all other nodes within a
specified geographical region called a Zone of Relevance
(ZOR). A Zone of Forwarding (ZOF) is demarcated,
inside which the packets are directed instead of simply
flooding the packets everywhere in the network. In Geo
cast routing vehicles outside the ZOR are not alerted to
avoid unnecessary hasty reaction. [5][6] Geo cast is
considered as a multicast service within a specific
geographic region. It normally defines a forwarding zone
where it directs the flooding of packets in order to reduce
message overhead and network congestion caused by
simply flooding packets everywhere [1].
PROS:
Reduced network overhead and congestion.
Reliable packet delivery in highly dynamic topology.
CONS:
Packet transmission delay due to network
disconnection.
4. Cluster based routing protocol
Clustering in vehicular ad hoc network can be defined as
the virtual partitioning of the dynamic nodes into various
groups. [1][9][10] A group of nodes identify themselves
to be part of a cluster. A special node, designated as
cluster-head is responsible for routing, relaying of inter
cluster traffic, scheduling of intra-cluster traffic and
channel assignment for cluster members. Cluster based
routing is preferred in clusters. [5] A group of nodes
identifies themselves to be a part of cluster and a node is
designated as cluster head will broadcast thepacket to
cluster. Good scalability can be delivered for large
networks but network delays and overhead are
experienced when forming clusters in highly mobile
VANET. In cluster based routing virtual network
infrastructure must be created through the clustering of
nodes in order to provide scalability [1].
PROS:
It has good scalability of large networks.
Delays in highly dynamic networks.
CONS:
Network overhead is increased.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-4, Issue-4, Apr- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.4.34 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
www.ijaers.com Page | 223
III. COMPARISION BETWEEN VARIOUS ROUTING PROTOCOLS
Table.1: Comparison of various routing protocols based on different parameters.
Protocols
Position Based
Protocols
Broadcast Based
Protocols
Geocast Based
Protocols
Cluster Based Protocols
Prior Forwarding
Method
Heuristic
method
Wire less
multi hop
Forwarding
Wire less
multi hop
Forwarding
Wireless
Multi hop
Forwarding
Digital Map
Requirement
No
No
No
Yes
Virtual
Infrastructure
Requirement
No
No
No
Yes
Realistic Traffic
Flow
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Recovery Strategy
Carry &
Forward
Carry &
Forward
Flooding
Carry &
Forward
Scenario
Urban
Highway
Highway
Urban
IV. CONCLUSION
Conniving effective routing protocols for VANET is one
of the biggest challenges to be addressed in order to
leverage the benefits of the VANET technology in day-to
day life. Performance of routing protocol for VANET’s
depends drastically on the mobility of nodes, vehicular
density and several external factors such as driving
environment; [4] But a universal routing solution for all
the VANET’s application scenarios may not be practical;
we need to design specific routing protocol and mobility
model to fulfill the specific QoS requirements of each
application[1][5].
This paper reviews the literature concerning four most
common protocols Position based Routing Protocols,
Broadcast based routing protocols, Multicast/geocast
routing protocols, Cluster based routing protocols, that
areused to route data between communicated vehicles in
VANET.[7] This work comes to address how a routing
protocol performs in high node density VANET for
different mobility models.
Position based routing contains class of routing algorithm.
[8][9] They share the property of using geographic
positioning information in order to select the next
forwarding hops. Broadcast routing is frequently used in
VANET for sharing, traffic, weather and emergency
etc.[1] Multicast routing enables dissemination of
messages from single source to a group of destination
nodes of interest. In Geo cast routing vehicles outside the
ZOR are not alerted to avoid unnecessary hasty reaction.
Cluster based routing is preferred in clusters.
REFERENCES
[1] Rakesh Kumar, Mayank Dave, “A Comparative
Study of Various Routing Protocols in VANET”,
IJCSI International Journal of Computer Science
Issues, Vol. 8, Issue 4, No 1, July 2011 ISSN
(Online): 1694-0814, pp 643-648.
[2] Venkatesh, AIndra, R Murali, “Routing Protocols for
Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs): A Review”,
Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and
Information Sciences Vol. 5, No. 1 January 2014
ISSN 2079-8407, pp 25-43.
[3] Yun-weilin, Yuh-shyanchen, Sing-ling lee, “Routing
protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: a Survey
and future perspectives”, National Science Council of
the R.O.C. Under grant nsc-97-2221-e-305-003-my3,
pp 02-19.
[4] Komal Mehta, Dr. L. G. Malik, Dr. Preeti Bajaj,
“VANET: Challenges, Issues and Solutions”, 2013
Sixth International Conference on Emerging Trends
in Engineering and Technology 978-1-4799-2560-
5/13 $31.00 © 2013 IEEE DOI
10.1109/ICETET.2013.18, pp 64-66.
[5] Surmukh Singh, Poonam Kumari, Sunil Agrawal,
“Comparative Analysis of Various Routing Protocols
inVANET”, 2015 Fifth International Conference on
Advanced Computing & Communication
Technologies 2327-0659/15 $31.00 © 2015
IEEEDOI 10.1109/ACCT.2015.113, pp 315-319.
[6] Surmukh Singh, Sunil Agrawal, “VANET Routing
Protocols: Issues and Challenges”, Proceedings of
2014 RAECS UIET Panjab University Chandigarh,
06 – 08 March, 2014 978-1-4799-2291-8/14/$31.00
©2014 IEEE, pp 205-210.
International Journal of Advanced Engineering Research and Science (IJAERS) [Vol-4, Issue-4, Apr- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.22161/ijaers.4.4.34 ISSN: 2349-6495(P) | 2456-1908(O)
www.ijaers.com Page | 224
[7] Venkatesh, Indra. A ,Murali. R, “Vehicular AdHoc
Networks (VANETs): Issues andApplications”,
Journal of Analysis and computation, Vol. 8, No. 1,
2012, pp.31-46.
[8] A. K. Saha and D. B. Johnson, “Modeling mobility
for vehicular ad hoc networks,” ACM International
Workshop on Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks
(VANET), Oct. 2004, pp.91-92.
[9] H. Safa, H. Artail, and R. Shibli, “An Interoperability
Model for Supporting Reliability and Power-Efficient
Routing in MANETs,” International Journal of Ad
Hoc and Ubiquitous Computing (IJAHUC), vol. 4,
no. 2, 2009, pp.71-83.
[10] S. Corson, and J. Macker, “Mobile Ad Hoc
Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol
Performance Issues and Evaluation Considerations,”
RFC editor, 1999. S. Corson, and J. Macker, “Mobile
Ad Hoc Networking (MANET): Routing Protocol
Performance Issues andEvaluation Considerations,”
RFC editor, 199
... VANET deployment and management are becoming increasingly challenging because of technological advances and the rise of smart cars [26][27][28][29][30]. Creating dynamic routing protocols that can aid in transmitting information from one node (Vehicle) to another is one of the primary difficulties in VANET architecture. ...
View
... Geocast routing is essentially a type of locationbased multicast routing that seeks to transmit information from an origin vehicle to every other vehicle within a defined geographical location known as a zone (Dutta and Thalore, 2017). ...
Efficient Detection and Mitigation of Rushing Attacks in VANET using RAID: A Novel Intrusion Detection System
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2023
  • J Comput Sci
The vehicle manufacturing hub has evolved over the last decade with the emergence of self-driving vehicles and human-driven vehicles that use the concept of Artificial Intelligence (AI). Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) is a subset of Mobile Ad Hoc Network (MANET) that allows vehicles to communicate with one another and the Road Side Unit (RSU). VANET has been a game changer with features such as accident prevention, real-time traffic, route predictions, discovering an alternate route, alert notifications, safety, and security. VANET systems are distinguished by their ability to transmit critical safety information in real-time, even when the network's topology is constantly changing. With the lifesaving features of VANET comes a disadvantage that can risk the drivers' security and privacy through various attacks on the network. Intruders can steal data, drop data packets and modify, insert, or delete data when it is transmitted between vehicles. To address the mentioned data communication issues as well as various attacks in the VANET network, the authors propose an Intrusion Detection System (IDS) Rushing Attack Intrusion Detection (RAID), a novel framework that performs the detection of rushing attacks in vehicular networks. According to the performance analysis, the proposed framework RAID meets a wide range of security requirements while requiring less communication and storage. The study's findings were found to be more efficient.
View
... Although researchers have gained much progress but there are still many challenges in intelligent transportation system that attracts the researchers to continue their efforts in this area. Dutta et al. [13] defined VANET which is selforganizing and self-managing network in a distributed fashion. So the success of network is totally depending on the routing protocols. ...
Optimization of Secured Data Transmission in Van- Cloud
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2022
Using ad-hoc networks in automobiles, timely data transfer may reduce road accidents. Due to limited transmission capacity, the vehicular ad-hoc network distributes data over many hops. The network's dynamic design generates frequent route disconnection due to mobile vehicles. Despite to these constraints, timely message delivery continues to be an issue. This study discusses the problem of timely message transmission in vehicular communication networks. This research presents a secure and efficient data routing strategy for heterogeneous ad hoc networks. First, node trust is calculated using an entity-centric paradigm. This also assists in determining the network's connection durability and collision likelihood. For timely distribution, an improvement in connection reliability and duration is necessary. Additionally, to decrease data collisions and improve network delivery ratio. Several network parameters were used to assess the enhanced model for data distribution. Experiments demonstrate a decrease in latency and packet loss ratio. In our protocol, the cloud evaluate each person's trustworthiness based on vehicle-uploaded attribute values. Using the cloud's reliability, network vehicles select trustworthy forward nodes and complete the route.
View
... As a result, the vehicles have to keep on altering their point of communication at the time of vehicle information transmission mechanism [2]. All through handover or handoff, vehicles block their receiving services from their communication points that were connected previously and connect with another for the receiving services [3,4]. VANETs consist of some special features that involve road pattern restrictions, large-scale network sizes, selforganization, high mobility, no constraints of energy, etc. [5]. ...
An Approach for Intersection Prevention in Transmission Channel Using Correlation Matrix and Tree Construction Model in V2X Framework
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2022
  • WIRELESS PERS COMMUN
Typically, the delivery of information in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) is regarded as a demanding one because of high mobility and invariable topological difference. One major concern in VANET framework is the occurrence of simulated intersection at which the packet reception probability become complicated for predicting and the model turn out to be complex highly. So as to overcome this dispute, a new framework is introduced which in turn prevents the intersection among the transmission path. Initially, the system model is initialized and the availability of channel is estimated. Based on the strength and size of data to be transmitted, the availability of channel is computed. After that, the best forwarding zone computation is made for minimizing the redundant data packets flow. To check the priority of packet and occurrence of packet collision, tree construction based data strength transmission is employed at last, the prevention of intersection or collision between the transmission channel is checked by means of correlation matrix based intersection prevention approach by monitoring the neighbor node. Then, the data packets were forwarded in an efficient manner without any intersection between the frames. The performance analysis is estimated in terms of network lifetime, packet delivery ratio, packet collision; inter node collision, throughput, and end-to-end delay.
View
... Routing protocol based on position uses location services in the specific position of the source node, the neighbor node, and the destination node. With the use of GPS, the information on the location of the nodes is maintained and the specific coordinates of the nodes are determined, which contributes to a route discovery process [34]. The position coordinates (x, y) of the destination should be given if the source node is ready to transmit a packet. ...
An overview of challenges for data dissemination and routing protocols in VANETs
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Jun 2021
The Vehicle Ad-hoc Network (VANET) represents a developing and emerging intelligent transport technology (ITS) technology that allows interaction between vehicles (V2V) through various IEEE standards, such as IEEE 802.11p. VANET's high mobility of nodes generates major challenges when routing packets through the main target node that must be addressed with various routing protocols. Take that into consideration. In this review paper, we study three sections to describe this review. In the first section, we will explain the principle of data dissemination. In the second section, we will classification and explain the routing protocols for all their types. Finally, we will discuss the challenges for VANETs, data dissemination, and routing protocols.
View
... As a result, drivers, passengers, and transportation authority benefit for the management of the freeways, safety, road weather, and drivers helping. (Dutta et al. 2017). ...
View
... Nevertheless, for data replication, it can be avoided by handling over an applicable relay for rebroadcasting the messages. Thus, the number data traffic in a network can be reduced significantly that leads to better utilization of bandwidth [82,83,84]. ...
A Mini Review of Peer-to-Peer (P2P) for Vehicular Communication
Article
  • Mar 2021
In recent times, peer-to-peer (P2P) has evolved, where it leverages the capability to scale compared to server-based networks. Consequently, P2P has appeared to be the future distributed systems in emerging several applications. P2P is actually a disruptive technology for setting up applications that scale to numerous concurrent individuals. Thus, in a P2P distributed system, individuals become themselves as peers through contributing, sharing, and managing the resources in a network. In this paper, P2P for vehicular communication is explored. A comprehensive of the functioning concept of both P2P along with vehicular communication is examined. In addition, the advantages are furthermore conversed for a far better understanding on the implementation. © 2021 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. All rights reserved.
View
Vehicular Ad Hoc Network: Routing Protocols
Chapter
  • Jun 2021
VANET (Vehicular ad hoc network) is a sub-branch or subclass of a mobile ad hoc networking. It is a new and growing technology which is works for vehicles. Safeness and security of all the passengers who are sitting inside the vehicles are the main motives of that technology. It enables the different modes of communications like Vehicles to infrastructure and Vehicles to vehicles by using different kinds of IEEE standards such as IEEE 802.11p. With the help of these standards, VANET is able to transfer the data packets or information to the vehicles because it is not sure that the drivers are aware of everything during the time of driving. In this technology, all the vehicles are considered as a node and the high mobility or movements of nodes create a major challenge or issue in transferring the data packets to the end devices. In this paper, on the basis of their strengths and weaknesses, various VANET routing protocols are evaluated and summarized.
View
View
Composite fault diagnosis methodology for urban vehicular ad hoc network
Article
  • Jan 2021
Vehicular Ad-hoc NETwork (VANET) is a meteoric growing research area due to the technological advancement in sensing, computation, communication, and radio wireless technology. The demand for VANET is increasing day by day due to the numerous diverse applications. Applications of VANET include safety applications like reduction in the road accident by broadcasting messages to the driver, convenience applications like automatic parking service, commercial applications like selling and buying of products through a network of wheels, productive applications like automatic environmental parameters monitoring, vehicular cloud service like secure toll transaction, etc. The aforementioned VANET applications will become non-operational if the communication unit of the vehicle becomes inoperative or malfunctioning. This paper proposes a composite fault diagnosis methodology by detecting and classifying the fault of the On Board Unit (OBU) of the vehicular ad hoc network. The fault detection includes the detection of two categories of the fault i.e. hard fault in which the communication unit is in the inactive state and not able to communicate with other communication units and soft fault in which the communication unit is in the active state but communicates incorrect data with other communication devices. The hard fault is detected by the repeated time out mechanism and by a statistical method called Kolmogorov–Smirnov test (K-S test). The detection of soft fault (permanent, intermittent, and transient) is performed by a statistical method called the Chi-square test. Apart from the detection of the soft fault, the classification of soft fault is carried out by ECOC-SVM. Finally, the result of the fault is transmitted to the faulty vehicle. The parameters such as Fault Detection Accuracy (FDA) and False Alarm Rate (FAR) are used to validate the proposed fault detection protocol. The parameter False classification rate (FCR) is used to measure the performance of the soft fault classification. Finally, the performance of the transmission of the result to the faulty vehicle is evaluated through the parameters end-to-end (E2E) delay, number of hops, and network gaps by comparing the proposed work with existing routing protocols of VANET like GSR, A-STAR, Bhoi et al.
View
Modeling mobility for vehicular ad-hoc networks
Conference Paper
Full-text available
  • Oct 2004
Without realistic modeling of node mobility, simulation evaluation of performance of mobile ad hoc networks may not correlate well with performance in a real deployment. In this work, we present a new, realistic model of node motion based on the movement of vehicles on real street maps. Our model can be used with the ns-2 network simulator. We compare our model with the Random Waypoint mobility model, the most widely used mobility model. Results show that, in many ways, the Random Waypoint mobility model is a good approximation for simulating the motion of vehicles on a road, but there are situations in which our new model is better suited.
View
Routing Protocols in Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks: A Survey and Future Perspectives
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2010
  • J INF SCI ENG
Vehicular Ad hoc Network (VANET), a subclass of mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), is a promising approach for the intelligent transportation system (ITS). The design of routing protocols in VANETs is important and necessary issue for support the smart ITS. The key difference of VANET and MANET is the special mobility partem and rapidly changeable topology. It is not effectively applied the existing routing protocols of MANETs into VANETs. In this investigation, we mainly survey new routing results in VANET. We introduce unicast protocol, multicast protocol, geocast protocol, mobicast protocol, and broadcast protocol. It is observed that cany-and-forward is the new and key consideration for designing all routing protocols in VANETs. With the consideration of multi-hop forwarding and carry-and-forward techniques, min-delay and delay-bounded routing protocols for VANETs are discussed in VANETs. Besides, the temporary network fragmentation problem and the broadcast storm problem are further considered for designing routing protocols in VANETs. The temporary network fragmentation problem caused by rapidly changeable topology influence on the performance of data transmissions. The broadcast storm problem seriously affects the successful rate of message delivery in VANETs. The key challenge is to overcome these problems to provide routing protocols with the low communication delay, the low communication overhead, and the low time complexity. The challenges and perspectives of routing protocols for VANETs are finally discussed.
View
An interoperability model for supporting reliability and power-efficient routing in MANETs
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2009
Handheld devices in Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs) use different communication technologies and are equipped with different software/hardware processing capabilities. This multi-level heterogeneity poses a serious challenge on the performance of such networks. This paper proposes an interoperability model for supporting coexistence between heterogeneous devices and power-efficient routing in a mobile environment. The model is represented through a three-layered paradigm: a communication service layer that deals with available communication capabilities; a communication capability layer that is responsible for controlling and managing the lower communication service layer; and a communication interface layer that provides the applications with a unified public interface. The paper focuses on the architecture and design of the system, and also presents simulation results to show the impact of the proposed model on the network performance.
View
A Comparative Study of Various Routing Protocols in VANET
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2011
Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANET) is a subclass of Mobile ad hoc networks which provides a distinguished approach for Intelligent Transport System (ITS). The survey of routing protocols in VANET is important and necessary for smart ITS. This paper discusses the advantages / disadvantages and the applications of various routing protocols for vehicular ad hoc networks. It explores the motivation behind the designed, and traces the evolution of these routing protocols. F inally the paper concludes by a tabular comparison of the various routing protocols for VANET.
View
Comparative Analysis of Various Routing Protocols in VANET
Conference Paper
  • Feb 2015
To make the drive safer in future Vehicular ad hoc network can ease our life. For its success, it needs efficient routing protocols for communication among vehicles. Such communication can either through road side units (RSUs) or on board units (OBUs) in the vehicles. In this paper we are exploiting various existing routing protocols like AODV, AOMDV, DSR and DSDV by varying the velocity of vehicles and then comparing their performances with respect to throughput, end to end delay, packet delivery ratio and normalized routing load during communication.
View
VANET: Challenges, Issues and Solutions
Conference Paper
  • Dec 2013
The current paper includes review of worldwide research work on various issues related to VANET; challenges, stability, performance parameters and solutions to them. VANET target the design and deployment of the QoS-assured, secure and high-speed communication connectivity on mobile platforms such as buses, trains, cars, ships, marine squad of battlefields, where dispersed portable devices are enabled to establish on-demand pervasive communications in decentralized manners. Although amount of research has been devoted to the various routing issues in VANET but still there are some areas that need more attention.
View
VANET routing protocols: Issues and challenges
Conference Paper
  • Mar 2014
In recent years, rapid growth in the number of vehicles on the road has increased demands for communication on the move. A new kind of Ad hoc network with an immense improvement in technological innovations is emerging these days known as VANET (Vehicular ad hoc network). It is an assortment of vehicular nodes that act as mobile hosts establish a transient network without the assistance of any centralized administration or any established infrastructure. Therefore, it is called autonomous & self configured network. In VANET, two kinds of communication can be done to provide a list of applications like emergency vehicle warning, safety etc. These are between various vehicles known as vehicle to vehicle and between vehicles and roadside units known as vehicle to roadside communication. Performance of such kind of communication between vehicles depends on various routing protocols. We have a tendency to survey a number of the recent analysis leads to routing space. In the following sections we present various existing routing protocols with their merits and demerits.
View
View
Routing Protocols for Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs): A Review
  • Jan 2014
  • 25-43
  • Aindra Venkatesh
  • Murali
Venkatesh, AIndra, R Murali, "Routing Protocols for Vehicular Adhoc Networks (VANETs): A Review", Journal of Emerging Trends in Computing and Information Sciences Vol. 5, No. 1 January 2014 ISSN 2079-8407, pp 25-43.
Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs): Issues andApplications
  • Jan 2012
  • 31-46
  • Indra A Venkatesh
  • Murali
Venkatesh, Indra. A,Murali. R, "Vehicular AdHoc Networks (VANETs): Issues andApplications", Journal of Analysis and computation, Vol. 8, No. 1, 2012, pp.31-46.