Ramón Salaverría

Universidad de Navarra | UNAV · Department of Communication

SALAVERRÍA, Ramón; NEGREDO, Samuel (2008) Periodismo integrado: convergencia de medios y reorganización de redacciones. Barcelona: Sol90 Media. (ISBN: 978-84-9820-954-9)

SALAVERRÍA, Ramón (2005) Redacción periodística en internet. Pamplona: Eunsa. (ISBN: 84-313-2259-4)

«Ciberperiodismo en Iberoamérica» relata los veinte primeros años del periodismo digital en veintidós países: todos los de América Latina, además de España y Portugal. Con referencias históricas inéditas y curiosas imágenes rescatadas del pasado, acompañadas de abundantes estadísticas, este libro ofrece un análisis profundo y documentado sobre el o...

In 1994, the first web online media outlets were introduced in several countries around the world. Twenty-five years later, digital or online journalism is a confirmed reality and common practice in professional and academic circles. Based on an extensive bibliographic review, this article examines the main areas of academic research related to dig...

Latin American journalism is currently experiencing some important transformations, with potential changes to how news is produced, shared, financed and consumed. This book provides a comprehensive overview of current journalism in Latin America, contextualized by global literature and regional empirical evidence. It is an important addition to our...

In this article we present the Digital Reputation Indicator (DRI), an innovative methodological tool that allows evaluating and comparing the reputation of digital news media on a global scale. In use since January 2023 by SCImago Media Rankings ( scimagomedia.com ), DRI is a composite assessment and measurement instrument that weighs web metrics o...

This article examines research trends on disinformation. First, it explores the relationship between disinformation and digital news media, highlighting the negative impact of disinformation on citizens' trust in the news. Recent research on disinformation is classified into several areas, including typological studies, research on fact-checking, d...

In this paper, we present the results of the first global ranking that assesses the status and evolution of the media according to their digital reputation. We analyzed 4,541 general information digital newspapers, both legacy and native, published in 200 countries and in more than 80 languages. Methodologically, we applied a new Digital Reputation...

This experimental study analyzes the effect of media literacy on the ability of Spanish seniors over 50 years of age to identify fake news. The experiment measures the improvement achieved by older adults in the detection of political disinformation thanks to a digital competence course offered through WhatsApp. The study comprises a total sample o...

According to recent studies, most of the Spanish population identifies disinformation as a social problem and believes that it could endanger democracy and the stability of the country. In this context, many institutions point out the need for media literacy campaigns and initiatives that alleviate the possible harmful social effects of the phenome...

Introductory article to the special issue of Anàlisi (vol. 68, 2023), which presents a set of eight research papers selected from those presented at theJOLT-CICOM Conference “Harnessing Data and Technology for Journal-ism”, held at the School of Communication of the University of Navarra(Pamplona, Spain) from 22 to 24 September 2021.

Digital media have become an integral part of the journalism industry and of audience habits – in 2021 our research registered 2873 active news websites in Spain. First, this paper explores trends facing online news; it sets out the criteria used to identify a news brand as digital-native or non-native; and it presents the results of our classifica...

Digital journalism has been a reality in Spain for nearly 30 years. In this time, the number of digital media outlets has steadily increased to become the most abundant type of media in the 2020s, ahead of print, radio and television. Based on a quantitative analysis of the authors’ own database of active digital media outlets ( n = 2726) and an ex...

The plurality of different journalisms worldwide is not always apparent in the industry. In this chapter, we discuss how the Latin American news ecosystem is evolving and reshaping the relationship between newsrooms and audiences. News media in the region are embracing new tools and capabilities that have been influencing nearly every facet of thei...

In search of profitability, digital media have for years been exploring innovative strategies to produce and finance their content. Specifically, digital-native media, those news organisations that operate solely in digital networks, have generally evolved from an ad-based free content model to multi-revenue stream business models in which formulas...

This study introduces the concept of “nobody-fools-me perception”, a cognitive bias consisting of overconfidence in one’s own ability to detect disinformation, associated with the belief that one is more immune to false content than almost everyone else. Specifically, it examines the extent to which variables such as age and education determine the...

Informe de un seminario sobre medios nativos digitales en América Latina, organizado por el grupo de investigación Digidoc de la UPF, en el marco del proyecto de investigación doctoral Cibermedios nativos latinoamericanos como agentes de renovación del campo periodístico. El seminario, celebrado en junio de 2022, consistió en una serie de tres pres...

Estudio sobre la desinformación en la sociedad española, desarrollado por la Unión de Televisiones Comerciales en Abierto (UTECA) y la Universidad de Navarra. El informe, realizado a través de entrevistas mediante un cuestionario estructurado a un panel online compuesto por 1.224 a españoles mayores de 18 años, radiografía el sentir ciudadano en to...

Cumplidos los primeros veinticinco años de periodismo en internet, este texto presenta un análisis de la evolución de los cibermedios en siete etapas: pre-web, experimentación, homogeneización, estancamiento, prioridad en las redes sociales, prioridad en los móviles, y robotización. Sobre este marco evolutivo, se analiza la expansión y progresiva c...

Este trabajo aborda cómo ha entendido Unidad Editorial, empresa editora del diario El Mundo, el negocio digital y la función que ha concedido a elmundo.es dentro de la estrategia a lo largo de los años. Se describen las etapas de evolución en los veinticinco años transcurridos desde su inicio y sus condicionamientos externos e internos. Entre los e...

Following the declaration, in March 2020, of the Covid-19 pandemic , there was an escalation of disinformation, involving multiple actors and reaching global dimensions. In this article, we analyze the possible causes and characteristics of the spread of disinformation on this issue. Disinformation about science can be explained by the distance tha...

Introducción: La desinformación se ha convertido en un problema clave para las sociedades democráticas contemporáneas. Para contrarrestar esta amenaza, las autoridades públicas de numerosos países han puesto en marcha diversas iniciativas legales, tecnológicas y educativas. Este artículo aporta una revisión bibliográfica y de textos legales, que ev...

A massive "infodemic" developed in parallel with the global COVID-19 pandemic and contributed to public misinformation at a time when access to quality information was crucial. This research aimed to analyze the science and health-related hoaxes that were spread during the pandemic with the objectives of (1) identifying the characteristics of the f...

Internet y las redes sociales han democratizado la comunicación de contenidos sobre salud y han multiplicado la difusión pública de informaciones relacionadas con ese tema. Muchas de las informaciones sanitarias proceden de fuentes acreditadas y son plenamente solventes, lo que permite a la ciudadanía acceder fácilmente a información de calidad que...

In recent years, the term ‘fake news’ has become popular as a paradigm of mis- and disinformation. The term tends to put this phenomenon within the framework of media organizations. However, the problem is more complex, since it also involves other entities dedicated to deliberately producing and spreading falsehoods, as well as social networks and...

Teaching of digital journalism, or cyberjournalism, in Spanish universities is here to stay. Its long development since the first courses in this discipline were added to college curricula in the mid-1990s until the beginning of the 2020s, when the number of such courses exceeds 100, has led to the consolidation of this specialty. Based on a review...

A graph analysis on the tweets and users networks from a set of curated news was done to study the existing difference in communication patterns between legitimate and misinformation news. Our findings suggest there is no difference in the influence of misinformation and legitimate news but misinformation news tend to be more shared and present tha...

Hoy todo periodismo es digital. Superada la distinción entre medios digitales y analógicos, el nuevo ecosistema periodístico muestra dos modelos de medios emergentes: los nativos digitales y los no nativos. Los nativos cuentan con estructuras y técnicas adaptadas con naturalidad al entorno digital. Los no nativos, por su parte, derivan de marcas pe...

Journalism is at a radical point of change that requires organizations to come up with new ideas and formats for news reporting. Additionally, the notable surge of data, sensors and technological advances in the mobile segment has brought immeasurable benefits to many fields of journalistic practice (data journalism in particular). Given the relati...

This chapter discusses the ethical aspects of the increasing use in journalism of user-generated content (UGC) and automated content (content produced by robots). Research has shown that these two phenomena are transforming not only the information that is published by the media, but also the underlying values that rule today’s newswork. These chan...

Globalization is a multifaceted and complex phenomenon that does not reach equally to all global actors. In fact, the lack of technological capabilities to promote innovation has been an essential conditioning factor that has limited an equal diffusion worldwide of technology, research, and development, thus restricting the concrete growth opportun...

Digital media are constantly trying to provide attractive and useful content to their users. They have to do it with caution, in order to respect the identity of the publications and their business strategy. This implies constant editorial decision-making. To support these critical decisions, the most widespread tools today, those that allow a bett...

Cumplido el primer cuarto de siglo de los medios periodísticos digitales, o cibermedios, no es posible dar cuenta del periodismo español sin reconocer su consolidación. La exploración cuantitativa, como medios nativos digitales o como publicaciones derivadas de otros medios, permiten delimitar una cartografía geográficamente heterogénea, en la que...

Todos y cada uno de los ámbitos en los que se concreta la actividad periodística han evolucionado al compás de los cambios tecnológicos: los lenguajes informativos, los procesos de trabajo en las redacciones, los perfiles profesionales de los periodistas, y las formas en las que estos se relacionan con la audiencia. Estos cambios, lejos de ralentiz...

El Grupo de Trabajo Multidisciplinar (GTM), que asesora al Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación y apoya al Gobierno en materias científicas relacionadas con el COVID-19 y sus consecuencias futuras, analiza en este informe la desinformación, entendida como la falsificación voluntaria de la información recibida por la ciudadanía, que “se ha convertido...

Salaverría, R., Buslón, N., Martínez Costa Pérez, M. P., Erviti Ilundain, M. C.,León Anguiano, B. (2001) Data mining para investigar la desinformación: experiencias metodológicas de un proyecto sobre COVID-19. En Alonso-González, M. et al. (Eds.). Transformación digital. Desafíos y expectativas para el periodismo. Libro de resúmenes del XXVII Congr...

Since the beginning of the 21st century, Latin American media panorama is undergoing deep transformations. As in other regions of the world, an increasingly influential actor is emerging in the market: digital native publications. This chapter explores the increasing importance of digital native news media in Central America. Based on the analysis...

Salaverría, R. (2020). Claves para hacer frente a la desinformación. Biko Insights #4 (pp. 52-61). Pamplona, diciembre 2020.

The purpose of this paper is to compare and analyse a sample of podcasts, using the most popular podcasts of iTunes (Top 200 podcasts - Portugal). The data was collected in two different dates (October 1st 2018 and October 15th 2019), using a Portuguese Apple ID. Results show that in October 2018 few Portuguese independent podcasts were presented a...

Previous research suggests that mainstream media coverage around the world follows a “protest paradigm” that demonizes protesters and marginalizes their causes. Given the recent increase in global protest activity and the growing importance of social media for activism, this paper content analyzes 1,438 protest-related English and Spanish news stor...

Previous research suggests that mainstream media coverage around the world follows a “protest paradigm” that demonizes protesters and marginalizes their causes. Given the recent increase in global protest activity and the growing importance of social media for activism, this paper content analyzes 1,438 protest-related English and Spanish news stor...

Se presenta un análisis de contenido de todos los bulos (N=292) relacionados con la pandemia Covid-19 identificados por las tres plataformas de verificación acreditadas en España, durante el primer mes del estado de alarma decretado por el Gobierno (14 marzo 2020 – 13 abril 2020). El estudio muestra que los bulos sobre el coronavirus fueron disemin...

Digital native news media are becoming a blooming phenomenon, expanding globally. Up until now, however, the scholar community has paid little attention to online-born media, compared to the high interest devoted to the legacy media brands. Drawing upon the extant literature on this emerging topic, this editorial summarizes the empirical and theore...

Digital-native news organizations have grown steadily in Spain since the mid-1990s and they have become established as a major force in the media market. Paradoxically, their biggest expansion coincided with the Great Recession (2008-2014). In fact, their numbers increased most during 2012-2013, when traditional media were cutting staff in response...

After embracing web and mobile technologies, the news media are ready to receive a third technological wave: the Internet of Things (IoT). This set of technologies has already begun to spread, through new devices based on artificial intelligence. One of the most affected areas by this new technological wave will be that of journalistic information....

Universidad de Navarra rAmón SAlAverríA rsalaver@unav.es Universidad de Navarra Resumen Los infográficos predictivos, aquellos que retan a los usuarios a hacer una estima-ción subjetiva en torno a un fenómeno antes de permitirles averiguar el resultado, amplían las posibilidades de los medios digitales para atraer y retener a su audiencia. Estudios...

¿Cuántos medios periodísticos digitales hay en las comunidades pirenaicas y cómo se distribuyen? ¿Cuál es su perfil informativo, lingüístico y empresarial? ¿Cuáles son sus principales retos y oportunidades? A partir de un mapa que sitúa más de 3.000 medios digitales de España, elaborado recientemente por el equipo de investigación del ponente, esta...

Media organizations have been struggling to survive in the digital age. In order to get a chance to pull through while facing the threat of a post-truth era, data and investigative journalism seem to be more important than ever. The old model of highly competitive single newsroom environment evolves to a ‘new model’ of sharing information, sometime...

Data journalism has emerged in the news industry as a new form of journalistically creating value from data, mainly in print and digital news media. Few studies have been conducted to understand how data journalism has been incorporated into other medium, such as radio and television. Coming from a very Western perspective, the practice has turned...

Keynote at INTERCOM 2019 - 42º Congresso Brasileiro de Ciências da Comunicação. Belém (PA), Brasil — 2-7 Sept. 2019.

Since the mid-1990s the Internet and the web have become increasingly more important pillars in the communicative infrastructure of most societies, and their impact on traditional media and journalism has been fundamental. Even though there appears to be an obvious link between these two facts, both the Internet and digital media are a much broader...

Se analizan los usos y la percepción de expertos y profesionales hispanos de la comunicación en relación con la expresión “nuevo medio”, con el fin de llegar a una definición actualizada del concepto. Metodología. Se identifica y analiza una muestra compuesta por 70 profesionales expertos en innovación periodística, pertenecientes a 16 países de ha...

Media organizations have been struggling to survive in the digital age. In order to get a chance to pull through while facing the threat of a post-truth era, data and investigative journalism seem to be more important than ever. The old model of highly competitive single newsroom environment evolve to a ‘new model’ of sharing information, sometimes...

Trusting the audience to contribute data, a practice called crowdsourcing, is one of several procedures of contemporary data journalism. While previous research has embraced the idea of crowdsourcing as a transparent way of engaging the audience, the journalistic practice of crowdsourcing is currently still limited. The Spanish case is particularly...

La investigación en torno a la narrativa periodística multimedia cuenta con algunos estudios empíricos, pero adolece todavía de una débil fundamentación teórica. El presente artículo propone una fundamentación transdisciplinar de la narrativa periodística multimedia, a partir de la Semiótica y de la Narratología. Mediante un método hipotético-deduc...

Research about multimedia news storytelling contains several empirical studies, but these lack a theoretical foundation. This article proposes a transdisciplinary foundation of multimedia news storytelling, based on semiotics and narratology. First, the bases of multimedia news storytelling are explained using a hypothetical-deductive methodology a...

Since the 1990s, digital journalism as a form of journalism that researches, produces, and publishes news solely with digital technologies has expanded rapidly. In addition to defining this model of journalism, this entry explains the global dimension that digital journalism has reached, as well as its history, typology of media, storytelling forma...

In recent years, journalism in Latin America has been undergoing profound transformations. Confronting the stagnation or even decline of a large part of the big media industry, hundreds of digital native publications are surging up to challenge the traditional journalism landscape of this region. From the Caribbean to Patagonia, all 20 Latin Americ...

En 1994 se lanzaron los primeros medios web en varios países. Veinticinco años después el periodismo digital es una realidad consolidada, no sólo en lo profesional, sino también en lo académico. Con base en una amplia revisión bibliográfica, se examinan las principales áreas de investigación científica en torno a los medios digitales en el último c...

Innovation in communication technologies has generated changes not only in the way journalists work but also in how the audiences of a journalistic company are known and perceived. Today, many media use web analytics to examine the profile of their audiences and thus generate content that matches up their preferences and interests. Based on in-dept...

In 2013, with the introduction of the Transparency Law in Spain, a number of Spanish newsrooms started working with data journalism methods. In Sweden, which has one of the oldest Freedom of Information acts in the world, newsrooms invested in the skill development of data journalism at approximately the same time. Because previous research suggest...

Esta investigación analiza los podcasts de audio más populares en España, con el objetivo de identificar sus patrones y modelos de referencia. El análisis se basa en una muestra de los 200 servicios de podcast de audio más populares en iTunes en España, en dos fechas distintas de 2017. En el análisis fueron considerados los programas específicament...

This study compares U.S. digital news coverage of recent foreign and domestic protests. Differences in coverage’s framing, sourcing, and device emphases were analyzed for two cases: protests that erupted after the death of Michael Brown and protests demanding justice for the 43 missing students from Ayotzinapa, Mexico. Building on protest paradigm...

A punto de cumplir su primer cuarto de siglo, los medios periodísticos digitales de España continúan con su crecimiento constante. La presente investigación presenta un mapa actualizado, a marzo de 2018, de los cibermedios periodísticos en España. Metodología: En concreto, identifica y analiza una muestra compuesta por 3.431 medios digitales, local...

Introduction: On the verge of reaching their first quarter of a century, the digital news media in Spain continue with their unstoppable growth. This research presents an updated map, as of March 2018, of digital news media in Spain. Methodology: It identifies and analyses a sample including 3,431 digital media, identified thanks to a thorough revi...

Esta investigación analiza los podcasts de audio más populares en España, con el objetivo de identificar sus patrones y modelos de referencia. El análisis se basa en una muestra de los 200 servicios de podcast de audio más populares en iTunes en España, en dos fechas distintas de 2017. En el análisis fueron considerados los programas específicament...

Salaverría, R. (2018). De la televisión al audiovisual transmedia: tecnologías, audiencias y lenguajes. In: E. Galán, A. Rodríguez, & J. Marzal (eds.) Contenidos transmedia para la radiotelevisión de proximidad (pp. 23-32). Pamplona: EUNSA. ISBN: 97884313132877

Nuevas formas de producción automatizada de contenidos irrumpen en el periodismo. Sin haber digerido todavía el im-pacto de internet, los medios se asoman a un nuevo entor-no tecnológico, que transformará radicalmente los modos de producir y difundir la información. Desde las tecnologías de inte-ligencia artificial hasta la Internet de las Cosas, u...

A internet, os novos media e os avanços verificados nos dispositivos de captura de áudio, bem como a nível do software destinado à sua edição, permitiram a redução dos custos de produção e distribuição de conteúdos multimédia e um acesso facilitado às audiências. Os conteúdos criados pelos utilizadores (na sigla inglesa UCC) proliferaram, caracteri...

A internet, os novos media e os avanços verificados nos dispositivos de captura de áudio, bem como a nível do software destinado à sua edição, permitiram a redução dos custos de produção e distribuição de conteúdos multimédia e um acesso facilitado às audiências. Os conteúdos criados pelos utilizadores (na sigla inglesa UCC) proliferaram, caracteri...

A internet, os novos media e os avanços verificados nos dispositivos de captura de áudio, bem como a nível do software destinado à sua edição, permitiram a redução dos custos de produção e distribuição de conteúdos multimédia e um acesso facilitado às audiências. Os conteúdos criados pelos utilizadores (na sigla inglesa UCC) proliferaram, caracteri...

In 2013, with the introduction of the Transparency Law in Spain, a number of Spanish newsrooms started working with data journalism methods. In Sweden, which has one of the oldest Freedom of Information acts in the world, newsrooms invested in the skill development of data journalism approximately at the same time. Because previous research suggest...

Presentation at Summer School of International University of Andalusia (Universidad Internacional de Andalucía, UNIA). Seminar: “Periodismo 3.0: El Confidencial, un caso de éxito”. Presentation “El Confidencial en el contexto de la oferta informativa nacional e internacional”. Málaga (Spain), 5 September 2017.

Country report of Spain, co-edited in 2017 by Ramón Salaverría and Beatriz Gómez Baceiredo, within the online resource Media Landscapes (http://www.medialandscapes.org) coordinated by the European Journalism Centre.

In 2014 protests erupted around the world after 43 college students from Ayotzinapa, Mexico, were kidnapped and massacred. This bilingual, cross-national content analysis explores the relationship between multimedia features in stories about the Ayotzinapa protests and how social media users liked, shared, and commented on that coverage. This study...

“Feeding reputation: tradition or modernity in teaching techniques?”, keynote at the 2nd International Conference Building Universities’ Reputation. Pamplona, March 30th, 2017.

Trusting the audience to contribute with data, a practice called crowdsourcing, is one of several procedures of contemporary data journalism. While previous research has embraced the ideas of crowdsourcing as a transparent way of engaging the audience, the current journalistic practice of crowdsourcing is still limited. The Spanish case is particul...

Audiences play a fundamental role in disseminating and evaluating news content, and one of the big questions facing news organizations is what elements make content viral in the digital environment. This comparative study of the United States, Brazil and Argentina explores what values and topics present in news shared online predict audience intera...

[ENGLISH] Since their beginnings in the 1990s, digital news media have undergone a process of settlement and diversification. As a result, the prolific classification of online media has become increasingly rich and complex. Based on a review of media typologies, this article proposes some theoretical bases for the distinction of the online media f...

The well-known phrase 'if it bleeds, it leads' describes the sensational approach that has penetrated the history of news. Sensationalism is a term without complete consensus among scholars, and its meaning and implications have not been considered in a digital environment. This study analyzes 400 articles from online-native news organizations acro...

For two decades, convergence culture has been an important motivator for change in journalism worldwide. Journalism research has followed these developments, investigating the dimensions of change that define convergence as a cultural shift in the newsroom. Research in the European context has mostly been comprised of national case studies of flags...

This handbook has been written as a result of the research done in the "CreBiz - Business Development Laboratory Study Module for Creative Industries" project. The objective of the Study Module is to enhance the business knowledge of undergraduate and graduate students of arts, humanities and media and communications, i.e. individuals, who have pot...