Rajendra S Gad

Goa University · Department of Electronics

Face morphing attack detection is emerging as an increasingly challenging problem owing to advancements in high-quality and realistic morphing attack generation. Reliable detection of morphing attacks is essential because these attacks are targeted for border control applications. This paper presents a multispectral framework for differential morph...

Face morphing attack detection is emerging as an increasingly challenging problem owing to advancements in high-quality and realistic morphing attack generation. Reliable detection of morphing attacks is essential because these attacks are targeted for border control applications. This paper presents a multispectral framework for differential morph...

Automatic detection of artificially ripened fruits based on a non-destructive approach has recently gained significant attention. This work explores the inherent properties of multi-spectral imaging to distinguish between natural and artificially ripened bananas. The proposed method combines the prediction scores computed from the Support Vector Ma...

The new era of computation has given new directions for advancement and sophistication. The meaning of computation has made a paradigm shift from device and location orientation to the distributed level. Cloud has working models with a service-oriented delivery mechanism as well as a deployment oriented infrastructure mechanism. Data centers are th...

With the increasing demand of fruits in the consumer market and to fulfill the needs of consumer, fruits are deliberately resorted to ripen artificially using industrial grade Calcium Carbide (CaC2) which has carcinogenic properties. The preferences to employ imaging sensing technology across the electromagnetic spectrum has gained noteworthy atten...

The evolution of technologies in data communication system has resulted in generation of large data. With the availability of limited bandwidth and to maintain the energy efficiency of the wireless communication system, data reduction plays a significant amount of role in preserving the lifetime of wireless communication system. Considering the sig...

This work demonstrates the Network on Chip(NoC) performance evaluation parameters matrix-like throughput and latency of multilayer NoC Mesh topology for random break-in links(0,5,10,15,20 %) over constant bit rate (CBR) and file transfer protocol (FTP) applications. The said study is further extended for 3 dimensional (3D) multilayer NoC Mesh topol...

The accurate measurement of human blood pressure is a growing needs in the recent years, to obtain the prior information about the heart related risks. Majority of the available blood pressure measurement systems are based on the principle of auscultation and oscillometric method, operated independently. In this work, we develop a low-cost blood pr...

Facial biometric trait based on visible spectrum have been widely studied for gender classification in recent times due to its non-intrusive nature of image capture in a covert manner. Recently, with the advancement in sensing technology, multi-spectral imaging has gained significant attention in this direction. Although substantial studies related...

The effect of rare earth (Gd⁺³) substitution on various properties of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite material with composition CoFe2-xGdxO (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0,08, 0.1) prepared using combustion method was investigated. The alterations produced in the structural parameters of the spinel lattice of cobalt ferrite were investigated using X-ray...

In symmetric 3-D chip stacking, TSVs plays an important role and provides denser and fine pitches. The number of vertical links in 3-D mesh NoC topology is equal to 2(N−(N23)), where N is the number of network nodes. The TSVs use pads for establishing a connection between the layers, which could generate the misalignment issue due to chip warpage,...

The effect of rare earth (Gd + 3 ) substitution on various properties of nanocrystalline cobalt ferrite material with composition CoFe 2 − x Gd x O (x = 0, 0.02, 0.04, 0.06, 0,08, 0.1) prepared using combustion method was investigated. The alterations produced in the structural parameters of the spinel lattice of cobalt ferrite were investigated us...

Paper discusses the design of computing node for Mesh topology-based Network on Chip (NoC) platform. The computing node has a capability of processing and routing data over four I/O port switch. Mesh topology is popular due to scalability and its simplest form. The platform is design for (N x N) computing nodes, where each node has soft-core based...

Optical vortices carrying orbital angular momentum (OAM) are being explored for improving the overall aggregate capacity along with the spectrum efficacy of data communications systems. The OAM carrying vortex beams provide an additional degree in space division multiplexing consistent with other physical dimensions like amplitude, frequency/wavele...

Soft biometrics has been gaining significant attention in biometrics literature for usage in recognition system. Gender classification is one such soft biometric traits that has been studied extensively using visible spectrum range and limited studies beyond visible spectrum. In this paper we present the cross-spectral gender classification using M...

Ripening is a natural process of fruit maturation by which it attains desirable texture, aroma, colour and becomes more flavoursome. To meet the increasing needs of consumers, traders have resorted to artificial ripening of fruits. The ripening agent such as industrial-grade Calcium carbide (CaC2) degrades the overall quality of the fruit. In addit...

Monophasic In(2-x)NdxO3 nanoparticle samples (x = 0, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) with cubic bixbyite structure were prepared using auto-combustion method. A sizable increase in lattice constant ‘a’, and cell volume ‘V’ with a corresponding decrease in crystallite size ‘t’, ranging from 52 nm to 44 nm was observed with increasing Nd³⁺concentration in the mate...

The determination of cholesterol in pathological laboratories is more painful and may lead to infections if no proper precautions are taken into consideration. The manuscript presented here describes a non-invasive method to estimate blood cholesterol using Radio Frequency (RF) probe signal in the range of 10MHz – 500MHz. The method uses Scalar Net...

Low-Density Parity Check (LDPC) code meets the desired performance for extended code lengths and binary fields. LDPC codes offer noteworthy error correction performance and also increase the design overhead for wireless communication systems. LDPC codes can offer proximity to Shannon Limit performance, when execution complexity and latency are not...

Measuring blood glucose noninvasively is a major objective for many research groups. They have discussed various techniques for better efficiency in the prediction of glucose. This paper discusses a novel technique to measure the blood glucose noninvasively in the NIR range, i.e., 4000–5000 cm⁻¹. Here, a multivariate model of human blood tissue is...

This article describes a sophisticated method for detection of Heart valve defects at early stage i.e Grade 1 murmur without the expertise of a doctor. The diagnosis based on heard heart sounds through, either a conventional acoustic or an electronic stethoscope is itself a very specialized skill that will take years to acquire. Sometimes the docto...

Modern communications systems utilize effective encoding plans, multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) and high-order QAM-constellations for improves spectral efficiency. However, as the dimensions of the system grow, the design of efficient and low-complexity MIMO receivers possesses technical difficulties. Here in this paper, we have demonstrated...

Multi-spectral face recognition has procured noteworthy consideration over a most recent times because of its potential capacity to acquire spatial and spectral information over the electromagnetic range, which cannot be obtained using traditional visible imaging techniques. With the advances in deep learning, Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) bas...

Zn(1−x)CoxO nanoparticles with (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15 and 0.20) were prepared by combustion method. Here we report our findings on electrical properties carried out on these materials from room temperature to 500 °C. Thermopower investigations carried out on the materials resulted in Seebeck coefficient showing a transition from positive to negative...

Brain–Computer Interface (BCI) provides an alternative way for humans to communicate with the external environment. BCI systems can be of great help to people with severe motor disabilities who cannot perform normal daily activities. In this paper, we introduce a novel steady-state visual evoked potential (SSVEP)-based brain–computer interface syst...

Despite the challenge in recognizing disguise images on Face Recognition Systems (FRS), it has not received significant attention. Considering the fact that most of the FRS operates in visible spectrum which is not optimal solution for disguise face recognition, we explore spectral imaging and thereby the intrinsic features of spectral imaging for...

Cobalt-doped ZnO nanoparticles having chemical formula Zn(1-x)CoxO (x = 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.20) were prepared by means of auto-combustion synthesis. Formation of monophasic wurtzite structure material was confirmed from XRD data. Inclusion of the Co²⁺ ions in the ZnO matrix produced several fascinating effects in the structural, physical and magnet...

The presence of eyeglasses can significantly challenge the ocular recognition accuracy. The result of which glass detection is one of the preliminary step required in automatic biometric system for reliable performance. In this paper, we present the ocular glass detection by exploring the spectral band images in eight narrow spectrum bands across v...

Owing to the continual attacks by pests particularly the bark-beetles (viz borers), there has been tremendous destruction of the forest resources. Beetle attacks are also responsible for severe production loss in commercial crops, thus leading to distress to farmers. In this paper, we have presented a novel approach to detect the pest attack in yie...

Presentation attacks on Face Recognition System (FRS) have incrementally posed challenges to create new detection methods. Among the various presentation attacks, disguise attacks allow concealing the identity of the attacker thereby increasing the vulnerability of the FRS. In this paper, we present a new approach for attack detection in multi-spec...

In recent times a lot of effort is put in finding new methods to prevent, diagnose and treat various diseases. This has directly translated to man living a happy and long life. A large portion of the society suffers from diabetes mellitus and has a hard time coping up with their daily life, as a diabetic patient has to continuously monitor ones blo...

Borer pests are one of the causes of depletion of the green coverage in the globe, as they cause destruction of forest resources. They also cause losses in yield of commercial crops, thus torment to the farmers. In this paper, we have presented the results of absorbance measurement (by spectro-photometric method) performed on leaves, at various sta...

“Genesis of PLD’s, market players, and tools” discuss the microprocessor, microcontroller, and PLD devices and also talk about how to select these devices for desired application. This chapter gives the family tree of PLD devices and helps designer to select best PLD devices based on application. The chapter also gives the overview of major PLD mar...

This chapter provides users with overview and capabilities of Altera® Quartus® II design software in programmable logic design. The book is designed around the Altera DE2 development platform. The Altera Quartus II software is the most comprehensive environment available for system-on-a-programmable-chip (SOPC) design. Here we provide a guide that...

This chapter makes reader aware of embedded soft core processors, their concepts, comparisons of various soft cores from various FPGA manufactures, etc. Here, we have emphasized on Altera Nios II soft core processor. The soft core nature of the Nios II processor lets the system designer specify and generate a custom Nios II core, tailored for his o...

This chapter will further boost the interest as it covers lots of interesting case studies designed around Nios II soft core processor such as blinking of LEDs in different patterns, displaying scrolling text on LCD, interfacing camera for acquiring images, multiprocessor communication, Ethernet-based robotic arm control, matrix crunching problem f...

This chapter gives an introduction to Altera’s SOPC Builder, which is used for the implementation of system that uses the Nios II processor on an Altera FPGA device. The system development flow is illustrated by giving step-by-step instructions for using the System-On-a-Programmable-Chip (SOPC) Builder in conjunction with the Quartus II software (V...

This chapter gives the detailed implementation steps of six digital logic design applications such as multiplexer/demultiplexer, encoder/decoder, shift register, counter, memory, and traffic light controller. Here, the detailed steps are shown right from the creation of project till the simulation and final result on the development board.

Biometric authentication based on face recognition acquired enormous attention due to its non-intrusive nature of image capture. Recently, with the advancement in sensor technology, face recognition based on Multi-spectral imaging has gained lot of popularity due to its potential of capturing discrete spatio-spectral images across the electromagnet...

3D face recognition has gain a paramount importance over 2D due to its potential to address the limitations of 2D face recognition against the variation in facial poses, angles, occlusions etc. Research in 3D face recognition has accelerated in recent years due to the development of low cost 3D Kinect camera sensor. This has leads to the developmen...

This book is built around the use of readymade soft processor cores for FPGA design. In particular, the book focuses on Altera FPGA boards. The book explores many different embedded systems needs and prepares its readers for hands-on design and development of such systems. Many worked-out examples and case studies have been included to enable a cle...

Spectral face recognition is gaining importance as the information from different bands can lead to robust face representation that are presentation (a.k.a, spoofing) attack resistant. However, the key challenge here is to process the high dimensional spatio-spectral data to extract and represent the reliable data while discarding redundant data in...

Gender prediction based on facial features has received significant attention in computer vision and biometric community. Most of the gender classification studies mainly focused there attention on approaches that operate in the visible spectrum. In this paper we present gender classification using extended multi-spectral face data captured in nine...

With the invention of microarray technology there is considerable improvement in the survival rate of cancer patients. Microarray gene expression data has a very large dimension and small sample size. In this paper we have suggested number of methods to reduce the size of microarray data. In the first method, we propose to threshold and calculate t...

IOT concept

Face recognition has attained a greater importance in bio-metric authentication due to its non-intrusive property of identifying individuals at varying stand-off distance. Face recognition based on multi-spectral imaging has recently gained prime importance due to its ability to capture spatial and spectral information across the spectrum. Our firs...

A truly noninvasive blood glucose-sensing device could revolutionalize diabetes treatment and coupled with advances in microelectronics can improve compliance with recommended glucose levels and greatly influence the cost of diabetes monitoring. The paper describes a Multivariate PLSR system for blood glucose prediction by considering 5 major varia...

Error Correcting Low density Parity Check codes enable the communication systems to have a low-power, reliable transmission over noisy channels and can achieve data rates very close to Shannon limit when iteratively decoded. They are used in many digital communication systems such as digital video broadcasting (DVB-S2), MIMO-WLAN (802.11n), WMAN (8...

Multi-spectral face recognition has acquired significant attention over a last few decades due to its potential of capturing spatial and spectral information across the electromagnetic spectrum. In this paper, we present a new imaging scheme that can obtain the multi-spectral face image at nine different spectra covering 530nm–1000nm. We prepared a...

Error Correcting Low density Parity Check codes enable the communication systems to have a low-power, reliable transmission over noisy channels and can achieve data rates very close to Shannon limit when iteratively decoded. They are used in many digital communication systems such as digital video broadcasting (DVB-S2), MIMO-WLAN (802.11n), WMAN...

Nowadays wireless communication systems use multiple antennas at transmitting and receiving end to offer improved capacity and data rate over single antenna systems in multipath channels. MIMO channels provide a number of advantages over conventional Single Input Single Output (SISO) channels such as the array gain, the diversity gain, and the mult...

3D Biometrics For Defense Security :DSP based Multimodal Fusion design

Almost every form of digital information exchange can introduce communication errors. In order to overcome the inherent inaccuracy of information transmission, a few methods for error detection and correction have been developed. Cyclic Redundancy check Codes (CRCs) are used in embedded networks for effective error detection. Paper discusses the de...

About this book: This book constitutes the joint refereed proceedings of the 15th International Conference on Next Generation Wired/Wireless Advanced Networks and Systems, NEW2AN 2015, and the 8th Conference on Internet of Things and Smart Spaces, ruSMART 2015, held in St. Petersburg, Russia, in August 2015. The 74 revised full papers were carefull...

With significant technological developments as well as advances in sensors, wireless communications and Internet – a lot of research areas have emerged, such as wearable computing, context-aware homes, mobile phone sensing and smart vehicle systems. From those emerging areas, there is a clear trend to augment the physical devices/objects with sensi...

Urea content in the human blood is an important parameter to monitor the healthy state of a human being. Normally a patient is sent to pathological laboratories for blood extraction to quantify the actual urea percentage. Although this method is accurate, it requires a lot of time and reagents. It also involves the fear of infection during the extr...

Mechanical injuries to fruits are often caused due to hidden internal damages that results in bruising of fruit. This is a serious cause of concern to the fruit industry, as spoiled or bruised fruits directly impact the producers profit. Hyperspectral imaging method can provide the ability to identify these internal bruises to classify these fruits...

Urea content in the human blood is an important parameter to monitor the healthy state of a human being. Normally a patient is sent to pathological laboratories for blood extraction to quantify the actual urea percentage. Although this method is accurate, it requires a lot of time and reagents. It also involves the fear of infection during the extr...