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Publications (205)
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two‐dimensional, crystalline porous framework materials with numerous scopes for tunability, such as porosity, functionality, stability and aspect ratio (thickness to length ratio). The manipulation of π‐stacking in COFs results in truly 2D materials, namely covalent organic nanosheets (CONs), adds advantages...
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are two‐dimensional, crystalline porous framework materials with numerous scopes of tunability like porosity, functionality, stability and aspect ratio (thickness to length ratio). The manipulation of π‐stacking in COFs results in truly 2D materials, namely covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) adds advantages in man...
Keto‐enamine‐linked 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as highly robust materials, showing significant potential for practical applications. However, the exclusive reliance on 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp aldehyde) in the design of such COFs often results in the production of non‐porous amorphous polymers when combined with cer...
b‐Keto‐enamine‐linked 2D covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as highly robust materials, showing significant potential for practical applications. However, the exclusive reliance on 1,3,5‐triformylphloroglucinol (Tp aldehyde) in the design of such COFs, often results in the production of non‐porous amorphous polymers when combined with...
The development of metal‐free bifunctional electrocatalysts for hydrogen and oxygen evolution reactions (HER and OER) is significant but rarely demonstrated. Porous organic polymers (POPs) with well‐defined electroactive functionalities show superior performance in hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Precise contr...
Water has been recognized as an excellent solvent for maneuvering both the catalytic activity and selectivity, especially in the case of heterogeneous catalysis. However, maintaining the active catalytic species in their higher oxidation states (IV/V) while retaining the catalytic activity and recyclability in water is an enormous challenge. Herein...
Few-layer organic nanosheets are becoming increasingly attractive as two-dimensional (2D) materials due to their precise atomic connectivity and tailor-made pores. However, most strategies for synthesizing nanosheets rely on surface-assisted methods or top-down exfoliation of stacked materials. A bottom-up approach with well-designed building block...
Peptide-based biomimetic catalysts are promising materials for efficient catalytic activity in various biochemical transformations. However, their lack of operational stability and fragile nature in non-aqueous media limit their practical applications. In this study, we have developed a cladding technique to stabilize biomimetic catalysts within po...
The economic exploitation of lignocellulosic biomass for biofuels requires the efficient use of enzymes. Reusing enzymes across multiple biomass hydrolysis cycles is one approach to reduce the high cost of the enzymes involved in converting cellulose into
fermentable sugars. Enzyme immobilization is a well-established method for enhancing enzyme st...
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal host matrices for biomolecule immobilization and biocatalysis due to their high porosity, various functionalities, and structural robustness. However, the porosity of COFs is limited to the micropore dimension, which restricts the immobilization of enzymes with large volumes and obstructs substrate flow...
Covalent organic nanotubes (CONTs) are porous one‐dimensional frameworks connected through imine bonds via Schiff base condensation between aldehydes and amines. The presence of two amine groups at the ortho position in the structurally demanding tetraaminotriptycene (TAT) building block leads to multiple reaction pathways between the ditopic aldeh...
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are highly promising as heterogeneous photocatalysts due to their tunable structures and optoelectronic properties. Though COFs have been used as heterogeneous photocatalysts, they have mainly been employed in water splitting, carbon dioxide reduction, and hydrogen evolution reactions. A few examples in organic sy...
Covalent organic nanotubes (CONTs) are porous one‐dimensional frameworks connected through imine bonds via Schiff base condensation between aldehydes and amines. The presence of two amine groups at the ortho position in the structurally demanding tetraaminotriptycene (TAT) building block leads to multiple reaction pathways between the ditopic aldeh...
The development of synthetic routes for the formation of robust porous organic polymers (POPs) with well‐defined nanoscale morphology is fundamentally significant for their practical applications. The thermodynamic characteristics that arise from reversible covalent bonding impart intrinsic chemical instability in the polymers, thereby impeding the...
The synthesis of homogeneous covalent organic framework (COF) thin films on a desired substrate with decent crystallinity, porosity, and uniform thickness has great potential for optoelectronic applications. We have used a solution-processable sphere transmutation process to synthesize 300 ± 20 nm uniform COF thin films on a 2 × 2 cm2 TiO2-coated f...
Translating the performance of Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) from laboratory to macroscopic reality demands specific morphologies. Thus, the advancement in morphological modulation has recently gained some momentum. A clear understanding of nano to macroscopic architecture is critical to determine, optimize and improve performances of this ato...
Covalent organic nanotubes (CONTs) are one-dimensional porous frameworks constructed from organic building blocks via dynamic covalent chemistry. CONTs are synthesized as insoluble powder that restricts their potential applications. The judicious selection of 2,2'-bipyridine-5,5'-dicarbaldehyde and tetraaminotriptycene as building blocks for TAT-BP...
The practical utilization of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) with manipulation at the atomic and molecular scale often demands their assembly on the nano-, meso-, and macroscale with precise control. Consequently, synthetic approaches that establish the ability to control the nucleation and growth of COF crystallites and their self-assembly to d...
Carbon nanotubes, and synthetic organic nanotubes more generally, have in recent decades been widely explored for application in electronic devices, energy storage, catalysis and biosensors. Despite noteworthy progress made in the synthesis of nanotubular architectures with well-defined lengths and diameters, purely covalently bonded organic nanotu...
Despite the noteworthy progress made in the nanotubular architectures with well-defined lengths and diameter, the synthesis of a purely covalent bonded organic nanotube, so far, proved to be elusive. Our work includes a hitherto unavailable structure, "Covalent Organic Nanotubes (CONTs)," to the repertoire. Strong covalent bonds between C, N, and O...
The induction of macro and mesopores into two-dimensional porous covalent organic frameworks (COFs) could enhance the exposure of the intrinsic micropores toward the pollutant environment, thereby, improving the performance. However, the challenge is to build a continuous hierarchically porous macro-architecture of crystalline organic materials in...
Hexagonal single crystal structure (Form II) of trimesic acid (TMA) has been isolated by dissolving the interpenetrated Form I of TMA in THF. Form II (hexagonal) converted to Form I (interpenetrated) at room temperature through some intermediate structures. A detailed time-dependent FESEM study shows the external morphology of Form II (hexagonal) i...
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted attention due to their ordered pores leading to important industrial applications like storage and separation. Combined with their modular synthesis and pore engineering, COFs could become ideal candidates for nanoseparations. However, the fabrication of these microcrystalline powders as continuous,...
Insolubility of the Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) in organic solvents is one of the major obstacles for the potential application of these extended networks such as drug delivery, sensing, optoelectronics, and semiconductor device fabri-cation. The present work proposes a unique way to make uniform, solution-processable crystalline, and porous...
(Nano‐)Gold schöpfen: Ein strategischer Ansatz zur Entwicklung selbstständig stehender Filme kovalenter organischer Gerüste (COFs) mit hoher Durchlässigkeit für die größenselektive Auftrennung von Gold‐Nanopartikeln wird vorgestellt. Die vertikalen Nanokanäle der COF‐Poren ermöglichen einen selektiven Durchlass der Nanopartikel.
Abstract
Covalent...
The two-dimensional structural features of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can promote the electrochemical storage of cations like H+, Li+, and Na+ through both Faradaic and non-Faradaic processes. However, the electrochemical storage of cations like Zn2+ ion is still unexplored although it bears a promising divalent charge. Herein, for the firs...
The redox-active and porous structural backbone of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) can facilitate high-performance electrochemical energy storage devices. However, the utilities of such 2D-materials as supercapacitor electrodes in advanced self power-pack systems have been obstructed due to the poor electrical conductivity and subsequent indigen...
The key factor responsible for fast diffusion and mass transfer through a porous material is the availability of a widely open pore interior having complete accessibility from their surface. However, because of their highly stacked nature, ordered two-dimensional (2D) materials fail to find real-world applicability, as it is difficult to take advan...
Visible light-mediated photocatalytic organic transformation has drawn significant attention as an alternative process for replacing thermal reactions. Although precious metal/organic dyes based homogeneous photocatalysts have been developed, their toxic and non-reusable nature makes them inappropriate for large-scale pro-duction. Therefore, we hav...
Porous solids that can be switched between different forms with distinct physical properties are appealing candidates for separation, catalysis, and host–guest chemistry. In this regard, porous organic cages (POCs) are of profound interest because of their solution‐state accessibility. However, the application of POCs is limited by poor chemical st...
Porous solids that can be switched between different forms with distinct physical properties are appealing candidates for separation, catalysis and host‐guest chemistry. In this regard, porous organic cages (POCs) are of profound interest because of their solution state accessibility. However, the application of POCs is limited due to their poor ch...
Covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have emerged as promising electrode materials in supercapacitors (SCs). However, their insoluble powder like nature, poor capacitive performance in pristine form, integrated with inferior electrochemical stability is a primary concern for their long-term use in electrochemical-devices. Keeping this in perspective,...
The flexible supercapacitors in modern electronic equipment require light-weight electrodes which have ahigh surface area, precisely integrated redox moieties, and mechanically strong flexible free-standing nature. However, the incorporation of the aforementioned properties into a single electrode remains a great task. Herein, we could overcome the...
Two low molecular weight metallohydrogels (ZALA and CALA) have been synthesized from an amino acid-based ligand precursor (LA) and two different metal salts [zinc acetate dihydrate (ZA) and cadmium acetate dihydrate (CA), respec-tively]. These two hydrogels show a unique chemically stimulated inter-conversion to each other via a reversible gel-sol-...
Poor mechanical stability of the polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) remains one of the bottlenecks towards improving the performance of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The present work proposes a unique way to utilize crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a self‐standing, highly flexible membrane to further boost the me...
Poor mechanical stability of the polymer electrolyte membranes (PEMs) remains one of the bottlenecks towards improving the performance of the proton exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells. The present work proposes a unique way to utilize crystalline covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as a self‐standing, highly flexible membrane to further boost the me...
Ionic covalent organic nanosheets (iCONs), a member of two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials family, offer a unique functional platform for wide range of applications. Herein, we explore the potential of an ethidium bromide (EB) based covalent organic framework (EB‐TFP) that self‐exfoliates in water resulting in 2D ionic covalent organic nanosheets (E...
We, for the first time, employed chemically stable covalent organic framework (COF) (TpPa-1) as a transport-active phase within the polymer (styrene-butadiene rubber; SBR) matrix to make TpPa-1@SBR thin-film composite (TFC) membranes. Three composite membranes, viz., TpPa-1(30)@SBR, TpPa-1(50)@SBR, and TpPa-1(70)@SBR have been prepared with varying...
Easy and bulk-scale syntheses of two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic frameworks (COFs) represent an enduring challenge in material science. Concomitantly, the most critical aspect is to precisely control the porosity and crystallinity of these robust structures. Disparate complementary approaches like solvothermal synthesis have emerged recently,...
Herein, we have demonstrated a rapid and scalable synthesis of six new imine‐linked highly porous and crystalline COFs which showcased exceptionally high chemical stability in harsh environments including conc. H2SO4 (36N), conc. HCl (12N) and NaOH (9N).This is because of the presence of strong interlayer C‐H***N hydrogen bonding among the individu...
Herein, we have demonstrated a rapid and scalable synthesis of six new imine‐linked highly porous and crystalline COFs which showcased exceptionally high chemical stability in harsh environments including conc. H2SO4 (36N), conc. HCl (12N) and NaOH (9N).This is because of the presence of strong interlayer C‐H***N hydrogen bonding among the individu...
Ionic covalent organic nanosheets (iCONs), a member of two‐dimensional (2D) nanomaterials family, offer a unique functional platform for wide range of applications. Herein, we explore the potential of an ethidium bromide (EB) based covalent organic framework (EB‐TFP) that self‐exfoliates in water resulting in 2D ionic covalent organic nanosheets (E...
ZIF-8 is a member of Zeolitic Imidazole Framework family having high internal surface area, the high thermo-chemical stability and ease of synthesis gained immense attention for its highly selective sieving ability. Transforming it into a membrane form and practical utility remains a challenge. Any success towards this direction would radically red...
Exponential interest in the field of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) stems from the direct correlation between their modular design principle and various interesting properties. However, existing synthetic approaches to realize this goal mainly results in insoluble and unprocessable powders, which severely restrict their widespread applicability...
A visible light active porphyrin-based porous organic polymer having high chemical stability and surface area has been synthesized and its ability to influence the photocatalytic activity of large band gap-TiO2 nanoparticles has been tested. The resultant composite shows improved photocatalytic activity as compared to the parent precursors. This st...
Few layer thick metal-organic nanosheets have been synthesized using water-assisted solid state transformation through a combined top-down and bottom-up approach. The metal-organic polyhedra (MOPs) convert into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) which subsequently self-exfoliate into few layered metal-organic nanosheets. These MOP crystals experience...
The development of nanoparticle-polymer hybrid based heterogeneous catalysts with high reactivity and good recyclability is highly desired for their applications in chemical and pharmaceutical industries. Herein, we have developed a novel synthetic strategy by choosing predesigned metal anchored building block for in situ generation of metal (Pd) n...
Covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) have emerged as a new class of functional two-dimensional (2D) porous organic polymeric materials with a high accessible surface, diverse functionality and chemical stability. They could become a versa-tile candidate for targeted drug delivery. Despite their many advantages, there are limitations to use them for t...
The remarkable effect of anions on the transition from supramolecular gel to crystalline phases has been described. An amino acid-based metallohydrogel was transformed into different metal-organic frameworks through the selective pick of anions. The metallohydrogel and the resulting metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) were thoroughly characterized. The...
Amine-linked (C−NH) porous organic cages (POCs) are preferred over the imine-linked (C=N) POCs owing to their enhanced chemical stability. In general, amine-linked cages, obtained by the reduction of corresponding imines, are not shape-persistent in the crystalline form. Moreover, they require multistep synthesis. Herein, a one-pot synthesis of fou...
Research on covalent organic frameworks (COFs) has recently gathered significant momentum by the virtue of their predictive design, controllable porosity and long range ordering. However, the lack of solvent free and easy-to-perform synthesis processes appears to be the bottleneck towards their greener fabrication, thereby limiting their possible p...
Amine-linked (C-NH) porous organic cages (POCs) are preferred over the imine-linked (C=N) POCs owing to their enhanced chemical stability. In general, amine-linked cages, obtained by the reduction of corresponding imines, are not shape-persistent in the crystalline form. Moreover, they require multistep synthesis. Herein, a one-pot synthesis of fou...
Two-dimensional redox-active covalent organic frameworks (COFs) are ideal materials for energy storage applications due to their high surface area, extended π conjugated structure, tunable pore size, and adjustable functionalities. Herein, we re-port the synthesis and supercapacitor application of two redox active COFs [TpPa-(OH)2 and TpBD-(OH)2] a...
Covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) are a new class of porous thin two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures that can be easily designed and functionalized and could be useful for separation applications. Poor dispersion, layer restacking, and difficult postsynthetic modifications are the major hurdles that need to be overcome to fabricate scalable CON th...
Covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) are a new class of porous thin two-dimensional (2D) nanostructures that can be easily designed and functionalized and could be useful for separation applications. Poor dispersion, layer restacking, and difficult postsynthetic modifications are the major hurdles that need to be overcome to fabricate scalable CON th...
The formation of keto-enamine based crystalline, porous polymers in water is investigated for the first time. Facile access to the Schiff base reaction in water has been exploited to synthesize stable porous structures using the principles of Dynamic Covalent Chemistry (DCC). Most credibly, the water-based Covalent Organic Frameworks (COFs) possess...
The development of stable, efficient Oxygen Evolution Reaction (OER) catalyst capable of oxidising water is one of the premier challenges in the conversion of solar energy to electrical energy, owing to its poor kinetics. Herein, a bipyridine con-taining covalent organic framework (TpBpy) is utilized as an OER catalyst by way of engineering active...
GdIII-based metal-organic frameworks, Gd-pDBI-1 and Gd-pDBI-2, have been synthesized using the linker pDBI (pDBI=1,4-bis(5-carboxy-1H-benzimidazole-2yl)benzene). They exhibited structural diversity due to subtle change in reaction constituents. Owing to the judicious choice of the fluorescent linker, the materials could be used for bimodal imaging...
A unique proton conductive and moldable supramolecular metallogel (CuA-Ox gel) made upon mixing at room temperature well-defined stock solutions of Cu(OAc)2·H2O and oxalic acid dihydrate was found to have self-healing properties. Remarkably, the system also displayed an unprecedented ability to impart self-healing properties to other gel networks l...
Two new chemically stable triazine- and phenyl-
core-based crystalline porous polymers (CPPs) have been
synthesized using a single-step template-free solvothermal
route. Unique morphological diversities were observed for
these CPPs [2,3-DhaTta (ribbon) and 2,3-DhaTab (hollow
sphere)] by simply altering the linker planarity. A detailed
time-dependen...
Two new chemically stable triazine- and phenyl-core-based crystalline porous polymers (CPPs) have been synthesized using a single-step template-free solvothermal route. Unique morphological diversities were observed for these CPPs [2,3-DhaTta (ribbon) and 2,3-DhaTab (hollow sphere)] by simply altering the linker planarity. A detailed time-dependent...
Two new chemically stable triazine- and phenyl-core-based crystalline porous polymers (CPPs) have been synthesized using a single-step template-free solvothermal route. Unique morphological diversities were observed for these CPPs [2,3-DhaTta (ribbon) and 2,3-DhaTab (hollow sphere)] by simply altering the linker planarity. A detailed time-dependent...
In this report, the issue related to nanoparticle (NP) agglomeration upon increasing their loading amount into metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) has been addressed by functionalization of MOFs with alkyne groups. The alkynophilicity of the Pd(2+) (or other noble metals) ions has been utilized successfully for significant loading of Pd NPs into alkyne...
A sulfonic-acid-based covalent organic framework (TpPa-SO3H) has been synthesized that exhibits intrinsic proton conductivity under anhydrous conditions. The sulfonic acid groups are aligned on the two-dimensional (2D) layers at periodic intervals and promote the proton hopping inside the hexagonal one-dimensional channel. The intrinsic proton cond...
Covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) have emerged as functional two dimensional materials for versatile applications. Although π-π stacking between layers, hydrolytic instability, possible restacking prevents their exfoliation on to few thin lay-ered CONs from crystalline porous polymers. We anticipated rational designing of a structure by intrinsic...
Highly flexible, TpPa-1 at PBI-BuI and TpBD at PBI-BuI hybrid membranes based on chemically stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs) could be obtained with the polymer. The loading obtained was substantially higher (50%) than generally observed with MOFs. These hybrid membranes show an exciting enhancement in permeability (about sevenfold) with ap...
Mechanochemistry has become an increasingly important synthetic tool for a waste-free environment. However, the poor quality of the so derived materials in terms of their crystallinity and porosity has been their major drawback for any practical applications. In this report, we have for the first time successfully leveraged such characteristics to...
Inkless and erasable printing is the key solution towards a more sustainable paper industry, in terms of reducing paper wastages and the associated environmental hazards from waste paper processing. However, only a few cases have been reported in the literature where inkless printing has been tested in some practical systems. In an attempt to addre...
Herein, we have explored the possibility of a class of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as water adsorbing materials. We have selected, synthesized 12 chemically stable functionalized Schiff base COFs and thoroughly studied their water uptake behaviour. Further, a deep understanding was developed with these COFs towards the effects of condensatio...
The hollow and tubular TpPa-COF structures have been synthesized by template-assisted replication of nanometer sized ZnO-nanorods. The hollow structures composed of microporous TpPa shell have high periodicity, moderate porosity, chemical stability and capsule shaped morphology as revealed from X-ray diffraction, porosity measurements, SEM and TEM...
A 3D-coordination polymer was shown to trap one-dimensional polyhedral water cages consisting of a repeat unit of (H2O)24, the geometry of which resembles exotic organic molecule pagodane. Further, this material exhibitted proton conducting ability and tunable luminescence emission by absorption of anionic dyes such as fluorescein dianion.
Two new imide-based crystalline, porous, and chemically stable covalent organic frameworks (COFs) (TpBDH and TfpBDH) have been successfully synthesized employing solvothermal crystallization route. Furthermore, thin layered covalent organic nanosheets (CONs) were derived from these bulk COFs by the simple liquid phase exfoliation method. These 2D C...
Covalent organic frameworks are a family of crystalline porous materials with promising applications. Although active research on the design and synthesis of covalent organic frameworks has been ongoing for almost a decade, the mechanisms of formation of covalent organic frameworks crystallites remain poorly understood. Here we report the synthesis...
Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) have gained immense attention as the new age materials due to their tuneable properties and diverse applicability. Yet, efforts on developing promising materials for membrane based gas separation, and control over the crystal growth positions on polymeric hollow fiber membranes still remains a key challenge. In this...
The metal ions in a neutral Zn–MOF constructed from tritopic triacid H3L with inherent concave features, rigid core, and peripheral flexibility are found to exist in two distinct SBUs, that is, 0D and 1D. This has allowed site-selective postsynthetic metal exchange (PSME) to be investigated and reactivities of the metal ions in two different enviro...
The synthesis of fluorinated metal-organic frameworks (FMOFs) having fluorine-lined channels has been reported in the literature. The hydrophobic channels present in FMOFs, wherein protruding fluorine atoms into the pores persuades hydrophobicity, have been utilized for the adsorption/separation of hydrocarbons. In few literature reports, it has be...
A new Mg(II) based photochromic porous metal–organic framework (MOF) has been synthesized bearing naphthalenediimide (NDI) chromophoric unit. This MOF (Mg–NDI) shows instant and reversible solvatochromic behavior in presence of solvents with different polarity. Mg-NDI also exhibits fast and reversible photochromism via radical formation. Due to the...
A series of [NiMo12O30(PO4)8]n� POM anion and organic cation based ionic composites have been prepared in hydrothermal conditions. The ionic composites with protonated ethylene diamine molecules have been tested for proton conductivity.
We report the successful incorporation of bifunctional (acid/base) catalytic sites in crystalline organocatalytic porous COF (2,3-DhaTph). Due to the presence of acidic (catachol) and basic (porphyrin) sites, 2,3-DhaTph shows significant selectivity, reusability, and excellent ability to perform the cascade reaction.
CdS nanoparticles were deposited on a highly stable, two-dimensional (2D) covalent organic framework (COF) matrix and the hybrid was tested for photocatalytic hydrogen production. The efficiency of CdS-COF hybrid was investigated by varying the COF content. On the introduction of just 1 wt % of COF, a dramatic tenfold increase in the overall photoc...
Cadmium Sulfide (CdS) quantum dots (<10 nm in size) have been successfully synthesized in situ without any capping agent in a Zn(II) based low-molecular weight metallohydrogel (ZAVA). Pristine ZAVA hydrogel shows blue luminescence but the emission can be tuned upon encapsulation of the CdS quantum dots. Time dependent tunable emission (white-to-yel...
A proton conducting metallogel [FNPA; Ferric nitrate (FN)-Phytic acid (PA)] is synthesized by immobilizing a protogenic ligand (phytic acid) using iron (III) nitrate in DMF. The xerogel shows high proton conductivity of 2.4× 10-2 S.cm-1 at 120˚C, best known among all metal organic materials (MOMs). Marking first of such attempt in MOMs, an electrod...
The synthesis and directed evolution of a tetranuclear copper cluster, supported by 8-mercapto-N9-propyladenine ligand, to a highly porous three-dimensional cubic framework in the solid state is reported. The structure of this porous framework was unambiguously characterized by X-ray crystallography. The framework contains about 62 % solvent-access...
Two new Zn(II) and Cd(II) based homochiral metal–organic frameworks (MOFs) [SerCdOAc and Zn(Ser)2] have been synthesized using pyridyl functionalized amino acid, viz., serine, as an organic linker. The SerCdOAc structure is three dimensional, while that of the Zn(Ser)2 is two dimensional. The polar voids of the corresponding MOFs are filled with so...
The present invention relates to a crystalline modification of fipronil, to a process for the preparation of the same, to pesticidal and parasiticidal mixtures and compositions comprising said crystalline modification and to their use for combating pests and parasites.
