Smart mobility in a smart city concept

Abstract

Purpose: The purpose of this publication is to present the most important features with which the smart mobility approach is characterized. Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic. Findings: In a smart city, smart mobility also plays an important role in environmental protection. Modern modes of transportation, such as electric cars and urban bicycles, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Thus, smart mobility contributes to improving air quality and the health of residents. As part of the smart city, smart mobility is also seen as part of improving traffic safety. Smart traffic monitoring systems and rapid response to dangerous situations, such as collisions or accidents, can help minimize accidents and collisions. Smart mobility is also one of the key elements of a smart city, which contributes to improving the quality of life for city residents by increasing mobility, reducing air pollution, improving road safety and introducing innovative transportation solutions. Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the smart mobility in smart city.

Full text

S I L E S I A N U N I V E R S I T Y OF T E C H N O L O G Y P U B L I S H I N G H O U SE
SCIENTIFIC PAPERS OF SILESIAN UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY 2023
ORGANIZATION AND MANAGEMENT SERIES NO. 170
http://dx.doi.org/10.29119/1641-3466.2023.170.41 http://managementpapers.polsl.pl/
SMART MOBILITY IN A SMART CITY CONCEPT
1
Radosław WOLNIAK
2
Silesian University of Technology, Organization and Management Department, Economics and Informatics
3
Institute; rwolniak@polsl.pl, ORCID: 0000-0003-0317-9811
4
Purpose: The purpose of this publication is to present the most important features with which
5
the smart mobility approach is characterized.
6
Design/methodology/approach: Critical literature analysis. Analysis of international literature
7
from main databases and polish literature and legal acts connecting with researched topic.
8
Findings: In a smart city, smart mobility also plays an important role in environmental
9
protection. Modern modes of transportation, such as electric cars and urban bicycles, reduce
10
greenhouse gas emissions and air pollution. Thus, smart mobility contributes to improving air
11
quality and the health of residents. As part of the smart city, smart mobility is also seen as part
12
of improving traffic safety. Smart traffic monitoring systems and rapid response to dangerous
13
situations, such as collisions or accidents, can help minimize accidents and collisions. Smart
14
mobility is also one of the key elements of a smart city, which contributes to improving the
15
quality of life for city residents by increasing mobility, reducing air pollution, improving road
16
safety and introducing innovative transportation solutions.
17
Originality/value: Detailed analysis of all subjects related to the problems connected with the
18
smart mobility in smart city.
19
Keywords: smart mobility, smart city, quality of life, biking.
20
Category of the paper: literature review.
21
1. Introduction
22
The smart city concept is an approach that aims to use modern technologies and innovative
23
solutions to improve the quality of life in cities and increase their efficiency and sustainability
24
(Herdiasyah, 2023). The smart city concept is divided into several areas among which one is
25
smart mobility (Jonek-Kowalska, Wolniak, 2021, 2022; Jonek-Kowalska et al., 2022; Kordel,
26
Wolniak, 2021; Orzeł, Wolniak, 2021, 2022; Ponomarenko et al., 2016; Stawiarska et al., 2020,
27
2021; Stecuła, Wolniak, 2022; Olkiewicz et al., 2021). This area is important from the point of
28
view of the functioning of modern cities enabling them to organize transportation systems in
29
a modern way.
30

680 R. Wolniak
The purpose of this publication is to present the most important features with which the
1
smart mobility approach is characterized.
2
2. Smart city
3
The smart city concept refers to a comprehensive approach to urban development that uses
4
advanced technologies and innovations to improve the quality of life of residents and the
5
efficiency of city operations. The main areas of the smart city concept are (Ploeger, Oldenziel,
6
2020; Tahmasseby, 2022; Rahman, Dura, 2022):
7
 Transportation: Optimization of transportation systems, including innovations in public
8
transportation, alternative modes of transportation, smart traffic and parking
9
management, and integration of transportation systems.
10
 Energy: Use of renewable energy, smart energy management, monitoring of energy
11
consumption in buildings, smart grids and energy storage.
12
 Environment: Air and water quality monitoring, nature conservation, green technologies
13
and sustainable development.
14
 Education: Using modern educational technologies in schools and universities, creating
15
e-learning platforms, creating innovative curricula and making knowledge accessible to
16
everyone.
17
 Health: Use of telemedicine technologies, development of innovative health services,
18
population health monitoring and disease prevention.
19
 Security: Use of intelligent monitoring and control systems, including video surveillance
20
systems, alarm systems and early warning systems for threats.
21
 Urban services: Improving the efficiency and accessibility of urban services, such as
22
waste, water, gas, and public lighting, through the use of IoT (Internet of Things)
23
technologies.
24
 Public administration: Using advanced information technology to improve the efficiency
25
and quality of public services, automating administrative processes and improving inter-
26
institutional communication.
27
A smart city is the concept of a modern city that uses advanced information and
28
communication technologies to improve city management and the quality of life for residents.
29
The goal of the smart city is to ensure the sustainable development of the city, in which public
30
infrastructure, transportation, energy, water and waste management are optimized, while
31
contributing to environmental protection and improving air quality (Wolniak, 2016;
32
Czerwińska-Lubszczyk et al., 2022; Drozd, Wolniak, 2021; Gajdzik, Wolniak, 2021, 2022;
33
Gębczynska, Wolniak, 2018, 2023; Grabowska et al., 2019, 2020, 2021).
34

Smart mobility in a smart city concept 681
The smart city concept applies solutions such as smart lighting, air quality monitoring,
1
waste management systems, smart buildings, transportation systems, and many others.
2
As a result, residents can enjoy more convenient and efficient services, and city authorities can
3
better plan development and spending (Tahmasseby, 2022).
4
The smart city also aims to improve the quality of life for residents by increasing safety,
5
communication, accessibility to services and sustainability. Through the use of technology,
6
the smart city can help better manage the city during emergencies, such as pandemics and
7
natural disasters (Sulkowski, Wolniak, 2015, 2016, 2018; Wolniak, Skotnicka-Zasadzień, 2008,
8
2010, 2014, 2018, 2019, 2022; Wolniak, 2011, 2013, 2014, 2016, 2017, 2018, 2019, 2020,
9
2021, 2022; Gajdzik, Wolniak, 2023).
10
In the smart city concept, it is important to involve residents in the decision-making and
11
development processes of the city. This creates a participatory model that allows for a better
12
understanding of the needs and expectations of residents and better adaptation of technological
13
solutions to their needs (Rahman, Dura, 2022).
14
3. Smart mobility
15
Smart mobility, also known as intelligent transportation, is the use of technology to improve
16
the efficiency, safety and sustainability of transportation systems. As the world becomes more
17
urbanized and the number of vehicles on the road increases, smart mobility is becoming a key
18
component of modern life (Prajeesh, Pillai, 2022).
19
Smart city and smart mobility are two concepts that are closely related. Smart city is the
20
overall concept of a smart city that uses advanced technologies and innovative solutions to
21
improve the quality of life for residents. Within the smart city, smart mobility is one of the key
22
elements that relates to smart and sustainable transportation (Boichuk, 2020).
23
Smart mobility introduces innovations in transportation that enable better use of road
24
infrastructure, thereby improving the mobility of residents. Through the use of advanced
25
technologies such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent traffic management systems or mobile
26
applications, residents have access to faster, more efficient and convenient transportation
27
methods (Ku et al., 2022).
28
In a smart city, smart mobility also plays an important role in environmental protection.
29
Modern modes of transportation, such as electric cars and urban bicycles, reduce greenhouse
30
gas emissions and air pollution. Thus, smart mobility contributes to improving air quality and
31
the health of residents (Benevolo et al., 2016).
32
As part of the smart city, smart mobility is also seen as part of improving traffic safety.
33
Smart traffic monitoring systems and rapid response to dangerous situations, such as collisions
34
or accidents, can help minimize accidents and collisions.
35

682 R. Wolniak
Smart mobility is one of the key elements of a smart city, which contributes to improving
1
the quality of life of city residents by increasing mobility, reducing air pollution, improving
2
road safety and introducing innovative transportation solutions (Kunytska et al., 2023).
3
One of the key elements of smart mobility is the use of data to optimize transportation
4
systems. This involves collecting data from a variety of sources, including sensors on vehicles,
5
GPS devices and traffic monitoring cameras, and using this information to make decisions about
6
traffic flow, routing and planning. By analyzing this data in real time, transportation authorities
7
can make changes to reduce congestion and improve overall system performance (Wolniak,
8
Sulkowski, 2015, 2016; Wolniak, Grebski, 2018; Wolniak et al, 2019, 2020; Wolniak, Habek,
9
2015, 2016; Wolniak, Skotnicka, 2011; Wolniak, Jonek-Kowalska, 2021; 2022).
10
Another important element of smart mobility is the use of connected vehicles. This refers
11
to vehicles equipped with sensors and communication technology that allows them to
12
communicate with other vehicles and the infrastructure around them. Connected vehicles can
13
provide real-time information about traffic conditions, weather and road hazards, which can
14
help drivers make more informed decisions about routes and driving behavior (Orlowski and
15
Romanowska, 2019).
16
One of the most promising applications of smart mobility is in the area of autonomous
17
vehicles. These are vehicles capable of driving themselves without human intervention.
18
Autonomous vehicles have the potential to revolutionize transportation, reducing accidents,
19
increasing efficiency and reducing the environmental impact of transportation. However, many
20
technical and regulatory challenges need to be solved before autonomous vehicles can be put
21
on the road.
22
Smart mobility also includes the use of alternative modes of transportation, such as bike-
23
sharing programs, electric scooters and ride-sharing services. By providing a variety of options
24
for commuting, smart mobility can reduce traffic congestion and improve the overall quality of
25
life in cities.
26
Some of the key advantages of using smart mobility include (Prajeesh and Pillai, 2022,
27
Boichuk, 2020, Rahman and Dura, 2022, Benevolo et al., 2016, Kunytska et al., 2023):
28
 Improving the efficiency and effectiveness of transportation systems.
29
 Reducing traffic congestion and travel times by optimizing routes and schedules.
30
 Improving road safety through the use of advanced monitoring and control systems.
31
 Reducing the environmental impact of transportation through the use of cleaner modes
32
of transportation, such as electric vehicles.
33
 Improving the quality of life in cities by reducing exhaust and noise emissions.
34
 Being able to make better use of existing road infrastructure through traffic
35
optimization.
36
 Increasing accessibility and convenience for travelers through a variety of transportation
37
options, including alternative modes such as bicycles and electric scooters.
38

Smart mobility in a smart city concept 683
 Improve trip planning by providing real-time information on traffic conditions, weather
1
and road hazards.
2
 Reducing operating costs for transportation companies by optimizing routes and
3
schedules.
4
 Improving public transportation management through data collection and analysis to
5
better tailor services to passengers' needs and preferences.
6
However, the implementation of systems based on the smart mobility concept may
7
encounter numerous problems that cities must overcome to achieve their full effectiveness.
8
These can be mentioned here (Prajeesh, Pillai, 2022; Boichuk, 2020; Rahman, Dura, 2022;
9
Benevolo et al., 2016; Kunytska et al., 2023):
10
 High costs: The implementation of smart mobility systems requires the investment of
11
significant financial resources. Many cities and transportation companies may not be
12
able to meet these costs.
13
 Lack of standardization: Many smart mobility technologies are still in development and
14
lack standards and norms, which can make it difficult to integrate different systems and
15
technologies.
16
 Requirement to adapt infrastructure: The introduction of new smart mobility
17
technologies and systems may require infrastructure adaptation, which can be costly and
18
time-consuming.
19
 Limited public acceptance: New technologies and systems may face resistance from the
20
public, which may hinder their implementation.
21
 Privacy and data security issues: The introduction of smart mobility systems may result
22
in the collection and processing of large amounts of data, which may create privacy and
23
data security risks.
24
 Regulatory challenges: Many smart mobility technologies, such as autonomous
25
vehicles, require regulatory and legislative alignment, which can be time-consuming
26
and complicated.
27
 Technical complexity: Smart mobility systems require complex technology and
28
infrastructure, which may require high technical skills and IT experience.
29
 Labor market impact: The introduction of smart mobility systems may lead to the
30
automation of many processes, which may affect the labor market and require
31
employees to be trained in new skills.
32
The implementation of smart mobility solutions can positively affect the quality of life of
33
residents in smart cities. With the introduction of modern transportation solutions, such as
34
autonomous vehicles and smart traffic management systems, it is possible to reduce traffic jams
35
and the time it takes to get to work or school.
36
37

684 R. Wolniak
As a result, the city's residents gain more free time, which they can use to relax, meet with
1
family or pursue their passions. In addition, improved road capacity reduces exhaust emissions
2
and air pollution, which has a positive impact on residents' health. Smart transportation
3
solutions can also increase road safety by monitoring traffic and responding quickly to
4
dangerous situations. As a result, the number of accidents and collisions can be reduced,
5
contributing to a greater sense of security for city residents (Dudycz, Piatkowski, 2018).
6
Smart mobility also affects the city's economic development by making it more attractive
7
to investors and tourists. The availability of modern means of transportation, such as urban
8
bicycles and car-sharing, can attract new people and businesses to the city. Smart mobility has
9
a positive impact on the quality of life of the city's residents, improving their mobility, safety
10
and comfort of travel, and influencing the city's economic development.
11
The use of bicycles as a means of transportation is one of the elements of smart mobility,
12
as it introduces an innovative and sustainable solution to urban transportation. Bicycles as
13
a means of transportation are not only environmentally friendly, but also allow people to move
14
around quickly, cheaply and conveniently.
15
As part of smart mobility, urban bicycles are increasingly being introduced into cities.
16
Bike sharing is a system of renting bicycles for short distances, usually at the city or
17
neighborhood level. City residents can rent a bicycle from one point and return it at another
18
point, allowing them to move around freely without having to own a bicycle (Wawre et al.,
19
2022; Wolniak, 2023).
20
In addition, more and more cities are introducing modern bicycle systems that combine city
21
bikes with intelligent traffic management systems. This allows cyclists to use dedicated bike
22
lanes, gaining a safe and fast way to work or school.
23
Cyclists also have access to a variety of mobile apps that help them plan their route, find
24
the shortest and safest route, and monitor their health and physical activity.
25
The introduction of urban bicycling and other innovative cycling solutions to the city is part
26
of the smart mobility concept, as it contributes to improving the quality of life for city residents
27
by increasing mobility, reducing air pollution and improving health through physical activity
28
(Simonofski et al., 2023; Wolniak, 2023).
29
4. Conclusion
30
Smart mobility, also known as intelligent transportation, is the use of technology to improve
31
the efficiency, safety and sustainability of transportation systems. As the world becomes more
32
urbanized and the number of vehicles on the road increases, smart mobility is becoming a key
33
part of modern life.
34

Smart mobility in a smart city concept 685
Smart city and smart mobility are two concepts that are closely related. Smart city is the
1
overall concept of a smart city that uses advanced technologies and innovative solutions to
2
improve the quality of life for residents. Within smart city, smart mobility is one of the key
3
elements that relates to smart and sustainable transportation.
4
Smart mobility introduces innovations in transportation that enable better use of road
5
infrastructure, thereby improving the mobility of residents. Through the use of advanced
6
technologies such as autonomous vehicles, intelligent traffic management systems or mobile
7
applications, residents have access to faster, more efficient and convenient transportation
8
methods.
9
In a smart city, smart mobility also plays an important role in environmental protection.
10
Modern modes of transportation, such as electric cars and urban bicycles, reduce greenhouse
11
gas emissions and air pollution. Thus, smart mobility contributes to improving air quality and
12
the health of residents.
13
As part of the smart city, smart mobility is also seen as part of improving traffic safety.
14
Smart traffic monitoring systems and rapid response to dangerous situations, such as collisions
15
or accidents, can help minimize accidents and collisions.
16
Smart mobility is also one of the key elements of a smart city, which contributes to
17
improving the quality of life for city residents by increasing mobility, reducing air pollution,
18
improving road safety and introducing innovative transportation solutions.
19
References
20
1. Benevolo, C., Dameri, R.P., D’Auria, B. (2016). Smart mobility in smart city. Empowering
21
Organizations. Cham, Switzerland: Springer International Publishing, 3-28.
22
2. Boichuk, N. (2020). Smart mobility jako podstawowy element koncepcji inteligentnego
23
miasta — Studium przypadku wybranych polskich miast. In: A. Budziewicz-Guźlecka,
24
(Ed.), Inteligentne Miasta. Rozprawy i Studia, Vol. 1153. Szczecin: Uniwersytet
25
Szczeciński, 59-72. ISBN 978-83-7972-402-4.
26
3. Drozd, R., Wolniak, R. (2021). Metrisable assessment of the course of stream-systemic
27
processes in vector form in industry 4.0. Quality and Quantity, 1-16, DOI: 10.1007/s11135-
28
021-01106-w.
29
4. Drozd, R., Wolniak, R. (2021). Systematic assessment of product quality. Journal of Open
30
Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 7(4), 1-12.
31
5. Dudycz, H., Piątkowski, I. (2018). Smart mobility solutions in public transport based on
32
analysis chosen smart cities. Bus. Inform. 2, 19-35.
33

686 R. Wolniak
6. Gajdzik, B., Grebski, M., Grebski, W., Wolniak, R. (2022). Human factor activity in lean
1
management and quality management. Toruń: Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji
2
i Kierownictwa. Dom Organizatora.
3
7. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R. (2021). Digitalisation and innovation in the steel industry in
4
Poland - selected tools of ICT in an analysis of statistical data and a case study. Energies,
5
14(11), 1-25.
6
8. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R. (2021). Influence of the COVID-19 crisis on steel production in
7
Poland compared to the financial crisis of 2009 and to boom periods in the market.
8
Resources, 10(1), 1-17.
9
9. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R. (2021). Transitioning of steel producers to the steelworks 4.0 -
10
literature review with case studies. Energies, 14(14), 1-22.
11
10. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R. (2022). Framework for R&D&I Activities in the Steel Industry
12
in Popularizing the Idea of Industry 4.0. Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market,
13
and Complexity, 8(3), 133.
14
11. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R. (2022). Influence of Industry 4.0 Projects on Business Operations:
15
literature and empirical pilot studies based on case studies in Poland. Journal of Open
16
Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 1-20.
17
12. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R. (2022). Smart Production Workers in Terms of Creativity and
18
Innovation: The Implication for Open Innovation. Journal of Open Innovations:
19
Technology, Market and Complexity, 8(1), 68.
20
13. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R., Grebski W.W. (2023). Electricity and heat demand in steel
21
industry technological processes in Industry 4.0 conditions, Energies, 16(2), 1-29.
22
14. Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R., Grebski, W.W. (2022). An econometric model of the operation
23
of the steel industry in Poland in the context of process heat and energy consumption,
24
Energies, 15(21), 1-26, 7909.
25
15. Gębczyńska, A., Wolniak, R. (2018). Process management level in local government.
26
Philadelphia: CreativeSpace.
27
16. Grabowska, S., Saniuk, S., Gajdzik, B. (2022). Industry 5.0: improving humanization and
28
sustainability of Industry 4.0. Scientometrics, 127(6), 3117-3144, https://doi.org/10.1007/
29
s11192-022-04370-1.
30
17. Grabowska, S., Grebski, M., Grebski, W., Saniuk, S., Wolniak, R. (2021). Inżynier
31
w gospodarce 4.0. Toruń: Towarzystwo Naukowe Organizacji i Kierownictwa –
32
Stowarzyszenie Wyższej Użyteczności "Dom Organizatora".
33
18. Grabowska, S., Grebski, M., Grebski, W., Wolniak, R. (2019). Introduction to engineering
34
concepts from a creativity and innovativeness perspective. New York: KDP Publishing.
35
19. Grabowska, S., Grebski, M., Grebski, W., Wolniak, R. (2020). Inżynier – zawód
36
przyszłości. Umiejętności i kompetencje inżynierskie w erze Przemysłu 4.0. Warszawa:
37
CeDeWu.
38

Smart mobility in a smart city concept 687
20. Hąbek, P., Wolniak, R. (2013). Analysis of approaches to CSR reporting in selected
1
European Union countries. International Journal of Economics and Research, 4(6), 79-95.
2
21. Hąbek, P., Wolniak, R. (2016). Assessing the quality of corporate social responsibility
3
reports: the case of reporting practices in selected European Union member states. Quality
4
& Quantity, 50(1), 339-420.
5
22. Hąbek, P., Wolniak, R. (2016). Factors influencing the development of CSR reporting
6
practices: experts' versus preparers' points of view. Engineering Economy, 26(5), 560-570.
7
23. Hąbek, P., Wolniak, R. (2016). Relationship between management practices and quality of
8
CSR reports. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 220, 115-123.
9
24. Herdiansyah, H. (2023). Smart city based on community empowerment, social capital, and
10
public trust in urban areas. Glob. J. Environ. Sci. Manag., 9, 113-128.
11
25. Hys, K., Wolniak, R. (2018). Praktyki przedsiębiorstw przemysłu chemicznego w Polsce
12
w zakresie CSR. Przemysł Chemiczny, 9, 1000-1002.
13
26. Jonek-Kowalska, I., Wolniak, R. (2021). Economic opportunities for creating smart cities
14
in Poland. Does wealth matter? Cities, 114, 1-6.
15
27. Jonek-Kowalska, I., Wolniak, R. (2021). The influence of local economic conditions on
16
start-ups and local open innovation system. Journal of Open Innovations: Technology,
17
Market and Complexity, 7(2), 1-19.
18
28. Jonek-Kowalska, I., Wolniak, R. (2022). Sharing economies’ initiatives in municipal
19
authorities’ perspective: research evidence from Poland in the context of smart cities’
20
development. Sustainability, 14(4), 1-23.
21
29. Jonek-Kowalska, I., Wolniak, R., Marinina, O.A., Ponomarenko, T.V. (2022).
22
Stakeholders, Sustainable Development Policies and the Coal Mining Industry.
23
Perspectives from Europe and the Commonwealth of Independent States. London:
24
Routledge.
25
30. Kordel, P., Wolniak, R. (2021). Technology entrepreneurship and the performance of
26
enterprises in the conditions of Covid-19 pandemic: the fuzzy set analysis of waste to
27
energy enterprises in Poland. Energies, 14(13), 1-22.
28
31. Ku, D., Choi, M., Lee, D., Lee, S. (2022). The effect of a smart mobility hub based on
29
concepts of metabolism and retrofitting. J. Clean. Prod., 379, 134709.
30
32. Kunytska, O., Persia, L., Gruenwald, N., Datsenko, D., Zakrzewska, M. (2023).
31
The Sustainable and Smart Mobility Strategy: Country Comparative Overview. Lecture
32
Notes in Networks and Systems, Vol. 536. Springer: Cham, Switzerland, 656-668.
33
33. Kwiotkowska, A., Gajdzik, B., Wolniak, R., Vveinhardt, J., Gębczyńska, M. (2021).
34
Leadership competencies in making Industry 4.0 effective: the case of Polish heat and
35
power industry. Energies, 14(14), 1-22.
36
34. Kwiotkowska, A., Wolniak, R., Gajdzik, B., Gębczyńska, M. (2022). Configurational paths
37
of leadership competency shortages and 4.0 leadership effectiveness: an fs/QCA study.
38
Sustainability, 14(5), 1-21.
39

688 R. Wolniak
35. Maintenance_Cost_Estimate_Report.pdf, 2 February 2023.
1
36. Olkiewicz, M., Olkiewicz, A., Wolniak, R., Wyszomirski, A. (2021). Effects of pro-
2
ecological investments on an example of the heating industry - case study. Energies,
3
14(18), 1-24, 5959.
4
37. Orłowski, A., Romanowska, P. (2019). Smart Cities Concept — Smart Mobility Indicator.
5
Cybern. Syst., 50, 118-131. https://doi.org/10.1080/01969722.2019.1565120.
6
38. Orzeł, B., Wolniak, R. (2021). Clusters of elements for quality assurance of health worker
7
protection measures in times of COVID-19 pandemic. Administrative Science, 11(2), 1-14,
8
46.
9
39. Orzeł, B., Wolniak, R. (2022). Digitization in the design and construction industry - remote
10
work in the context of sustainability: a study from Poland. Sustainability, 14(3), 1-25.
11
40. Ploeger, J., Oldenziel, R. (2020). The sociotechnical roots of smart mobility: Bike sharing
12
since 1965. J. Transp. Hist., 41, 134-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022526620908264.
13
41. Ploeger, J., Oldenziel, R. (2020). The sociotechnical roots of smart mobility: Bike sharing
14
since 1965. J. Transp. Hist., 41, 134-159. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022526620908264.
15
42. Ponomarenko, T.V., Wolniak, R., Marinina, O.A. (2016). Corporate Social responsibility
16
in coal industry (Practices of russian and european companies). Journal of Mining Institute,
17
222, 882-891.
18
43. Prajeesh, C.B., Pillai, A.S. (2022). Indian Smart Mobility Ecosystem—Key Visions and
19
Missions. AIP Conf. Proc., 2555, 050005.
20
44. Rachmawati, I., Multisari, W., Triyono, T., Simon, I.M., da Costa, A. (2021). Prevalence
21
of academic resilience of social science students in facing the industry 5.0 era.
22
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 676-683.
23
45. Rahman, S.A.A., Dura, N.H. (2022). Malaysia smart tourism framework: Is smart mobility
24
relevant? Kasetsart J. Soc. Sci., 43, 1009-1014.
25
46. Simonofski, A., Handekyn, P., Vandennieuwenborg, C., Wautelet, Y., Snoeck, M. (2023).
26
Smart mobility projects: Towards the formalization of a policy-making lifecycle. Land Use
27
Policy, 125, 106474.
28
47. Stawiarska, E., Szwajca, D., Matusek, M., Wolniak, R. (2020). Wdrażanie rozwiązań
29
przemysłu 4.0 w wybranych funkcjonalnych obszarach zarządzania przedsiębiorstw branży
30
motoryzacyjnej: próba diagnozy. Warszawa: CeDeWu.
31
48. Stawiarska, E., Szwajca, D., Matusek, M., Wolniak, R. (2021). Diagnosis of the maturity
32
level of implementing Industry 4.0 solutions in selected functional areas of management
33
of automotive companies in Poland. Sustainability, 13(9), 1-38.
34
49. Stecuła, K., Wolniak, R. (2022). Advantages and Disadvantages of E-Learning Innovations
35
during COVID-19 Pandemic in Higher Education in Poland. Journal of Open Innovation:
36
Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(3), 159.
37

Smart mobility in a smart city concept 689
50. Stecuła, K., Wolniak, R. (2022). Influence of COVID-19 Pandemic on Dissemination of
1
Innovative E-Learning Tools in Higher Education in Poland. Journal of Open Innovations:
2
Technology, Market and Complexity, 8(1), 89.
3
51. Sułkowski, M., Wolniak, R. (2016). Przegląd stosowanych metod oceny skuteczności
4
i efektywności organizacji zorientowanych na ciągłe doskonalenie. Zeszyty Naukowe
5
Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria Organizacja i Zarzadzanie, 67, 63-74.
6
52. Sułkowski, M., Wolniak, R. (2018). Poziom wdrożenia instrumentów zarządzania jakością
7
w przedsiębiorstwach branży obróbki metali. Częstochowa: Oficyna Wydawnicza
8
Stowarzyszenia Menedżerów Produkcji i Jakości.
9
53. Tahmasseby, S. (2022). The Implementation of Smart Mobility for Smart Cities: A Case
10
Study in Qatar. Civ. Eng. J., 8, 2154-2171.
11
54. Wawre, M., Grzesiuk, K., Jegorow, D. (2022). Smart Mobility in a Smart City in the
12
Context of Generation Z Sustainability, Use of ICT, and Participation. Energies, 15, 4651.
13
https://doi.org/10.3390/en15134651.
14
55. Wolniak, R, Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B. (2014). The use of value stream mapping to
15
introduction of organizational innovation in industry. Metalurgija, 53(4), 709-713.
16
56. Wolniak, R. (2011). Parametryzacja kryteriów oceny poziomu dojrzałości systemu
17
zarządzania jakością. Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej.
18
57. Wolniak, R. (2013). A typology of organizational cultures in terms of improvement of the
19
quality management. Manager, 17(1), 7-21.
20
58. Wolniak, R. (2013). Projakościowa typologia kultur organizacyjnych. Przegląd
21
Organizacji, 3, 13-17.
22
59. Wolniak, R. (2014). Korzyści doskonalenia systemów zarządzania jakością opartych
23
o wymagania normy ISO 9001:2009. Problemy Jakości, 3, 20-25.
24
60. Wolniak, R. (2016). Kulturowe aspekty zarządzania jakością. Etyka biznesu
25
i zrównoważony rozwój. Interdyscyplinarne studia teoretyczno-empiryczne, 1, 109-122.
26
61. Wolniak, R. (2016). Metoda QFD w zarządzaniu jakością. Teoria i praktyka. Gliwice:
27
Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej.
28
62. Wolniak, R. (2016). Relations between corporate social responsibility reporting and the
29
concept of greenwashing. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria Organizacji
30
i Zarządzanie, 87, 443-453.
31
63. Wolniak, R. (2016). The role of QFD method in creating innovation. Systemy
32
Wspomagania Inżynierii Produkcji, 3, 127-134.
33
64. Wolniak, R. (2017). Analiza relacji pomiędzy wskaźnikiem innowacyjności
34
a nasyceniem kraju certyfikatami ISO 9001, ISO 14001 oraz ISO/TS 16949. Kwartalnik
35
Organizacja i Kierowanie, 2, 139-150.
36
65. Wolniak, R. (2017). Analiza wskaźników nasycenia certyfikatami ISO 9001, ISO 14001
37
oraz ISO/TS 16949 oraz zależności pomiędzy nimi. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej.
38
Seria Organizacji i Zarządzanie, 108, 421-430.
39

690 R. Wolniak
66. Wolniak, R. (2017). The Corporate Social Responsibility practices in mining sector in
1
Spain and in Poland – similarities and differences. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej.
2
Seria Organizacji i Zarządzanie, 111, 111-120.
3
67. Wolniak, R. (2017). The Design Thinking method and its stages. Systemy Wspomagania
4
Inżynierii Produkcji, 6, 247-255.
5
68. Wolniak, R. (2017). The use of constraint theory to improve organization of work.
6
4th International Multidisciplinary Scientific Conference on Social Sciences and Arts.
7
SGEM 2017, 24-30 August 2017, Albena, Bulgaria. Conference proceedings. Book 1,
8
Modern science. Vol. 5, Business and management. Sofia: STEF92 Technology, 1093-
9
1100.
10
69. Wolniak, R. (2018). Functioning of social welfare on the example of the city of Łazy.
11
Zeszyty Naukowe Wyższej Szkoły, Humanitas. Zarządzanie, 3, 159-176.
12
70. Wolniak, R. (2018). Methods of recruitment and selection of employees on the example of
13
the automotive industry. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria Organizacja
14
i Zarządzanie, 128, 475-483.
15
71. Wolniak, R. (2019). Context of the organization in ISO 9001:2015. Silesian University of
16
Technology Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 133, 121-136.
17
72. Wolniak, R. (2019). Downtime in the automotive industry production process - cause
18
analysis. Quality, Innovation, Prosperity, 2, 101-118.
19
73. Wolniak, R. (2019). Leadership in ISO 9001:2015. Silesian University of Technology
20
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 133, 137-150.
21
74. Wolniak, R. (2019). Support in ISO 9001:2015. Silesian University of Technology
22
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 137, 247-261.
23
75. Wolniak, R. (2019). The level of maturity of quality management systems in Poland-results
24
of empirical research. Sustainability, 15, 1-17.
25
76. Wolniak, R. (2020). Design in ISO 9001:2015. Silesian University of Technology Scientific
26
Papers. Organization and Management Series, 148, 769-781.
27
77. Wolniak, R. (2020). Operations in ISO 9001:2015. Silesian University of Technology
28
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 148, 783-794.
29
78. Wolniak, R. (2020). Quantitative relations between the implementation of industry
30
management systems in European Union countries. Silesian University of Technology
31
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 142, 33-44.
32
79. Wolniak, R. (2021). Internal audit and management review in ISO 9001:2015. Silesian
33
University of Technology Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 151,
34
724-608.
35
80. Wolniak, R. (2021). Performance evaluation in ISO 9001:2015. Silesian University of
36
Technology Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 151, 725-734.
37
81. Wolniak, R. (2022). Engineering ethics – main principles. Silesian University of
38
Technology Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 155, 579-594.
39

Smart mobility in a smart city concept 691
82. Wolniak, R. (2022). Individual innovations. Silesian University of Technology Scientific
1
Papers. Organization and Management Series, 166, 861-876.
2
83. Wolniak, R. (2022). Management of engineering teams. Silesian University of Technology
3
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 157, 667-674.
4
84. Wolniak, R. (2022). Problems of Covid-19 influence on small and medium enterprises
5
activities – organizing function. Silesian University of Technology Scientific Papers.
6
Organization and Management Series, 167, 599-608.
7
85. Wolniak, R. (2022). Project management in engineering. Silesian University of Technology
8
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 157, 685-698.
9
86. Wolniak, R. (2022). Project management standards, Silesian University of Technology
10
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 160, 639-654.
11
87. Wolniak, R. (2022). Sustainable engineering, Silesian University of Technology Scientific
12
Papers. Organization and Management Series, 160, 655-667.
13
88. Wolniak, R. (2022). The role of the engineering profession in developing and
14
implementing sustainable development principles. Silesian University of Technology
15
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 155, 595-608.
16
89. Wolniak, R. (2022). Traits of highly innovative people. Silesian University of Technology
17
Scientific Papers. Organization and Management Series, 166, 877-892.
18
90. Wolniak, R. (2023). Analysis of the Bicycle Roads System as an Element of a Smart
19
Mobility on the Example of Poland Provinces, Smart Cities, 6(1), 368-391;
20
https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6010018.
21
91. Wolniak, R. (2023). European Union Smart Mobility - aspects connected with bike road
22
systems extension and dissemination. Smart Cities, 6, 1-32.
23
92. Wolniak, R. (2023). European Union Smart Mobility–Aspects Connected with Bike Road
24
System’s Extension and Dissemination, Smart Cities, 6(2), 1009-1042;
25
https://doi.org/10.3390/smartcities6020049.
26
93. Wolniak, R. Sułkowski, M. (2015). Rozpowszechnienie stosowania Systemów
27
Zarządzania Jakością w Europie na świecie – lata 2010-2012. Problemy Jakości, 5, 29-34.
28
94. Wolniak, R., Grebski, M.E. (2018). Innovativeness and creativity as factors in workforce
29
development – perspective of psychology. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Ślaskiej. Seria
30
Organizacja i Zarządzanie, 116, 203-214.
31
95. Wolniak, R., Grebski, M.E. (2018). Innovativeness and creativity as nature and nurture.
32
Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Ślaskiej. Seria Organizacja i Zarządzanie, 116, 215-226.
33
96. Wolniak, R., Grebski, M.E. (2018). Innovativeness and Creativity of the Workforce as
34
Factors Stimulating Economic Growth in Modern Economies. Zeszyty Naukowe
35
Politechniki Ślaskiej. Seria Organizacja i Zarządzanie, 116, 227-240.
36
97. Wolniak, R., Grebski, M.E., Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B. (2019). Comparative analysis of the
37
level of satisfaction with the services received at the business incubators (Hazleton, PA,
38
USA and Gliwice, Poland). Sustainability, 10, 1-22.
39

692 R. Wolniak
98. Wolniak, R., Hąbek, P. (2015). Quality management and corporate social responsibility.
1
Systemy Wspomagania w Inżynierii Produkcji, 1, 139-149.
2
99. Wolniak, R., Hąbek, P. (2016). Quality assessment of CSR reports – factor analysis.
3
Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 220, 541-547.
4
100. Wolniak, R., Jonek-Kowalska, I. (2021). The level of the quality of life in the city and its
5
monitoring. Innovation (Abingdon), 34(3), 376-398.
6
101. Wolniak, R., Jonek-Kowalska, I. (2021). The quality of service to residents by public
7
administration on the example of municipal offices in Poland. Administration Management
8
Public, 37, 132-150.
9
102. Wolniak, R., Jonek-Kowalska, I. (2022). The creative services sector in Polish cities.
10
Journal of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 8(1), 1-23.
11
103. Wolniak, R., Saniuk, S., Grabowska, S., Gajdzik, B. (2020). Identification of energy
12
efficiency trends in the context of the development of industry 4.0 using the Polish steel
13
sector as an example. Energies, 13(11), 1-16.
14
104. Wolniak, R., Skotnicka, B. (2011).: Metody i narzędzia zarządzania jakością – Teoria
15
i praktyka, cz. 1. Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej.
16
105. Wolniak, R., Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B. (2008). Wybrane metody badania satysfakcji klienta
17
i oceny dostawców w organizacjach. Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej.
18
106. Wolniak, R., Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B. (2010). Zarządzanie jakością dla inżynierów.
19
Gliwice: Wydawnictwo Politechniki Śląskiej.
20
107. Wolniak, R., Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B. (2018). Developing a model of factors influencing
21
the quality of service for disabled customers in the condition s of sustainable development,
22
illustrated by an example of the Silesian Voivodeship public administration. Sustainability,
23
7, 1-17.
24
108. Wolniak, R., Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B. (2022). Development of photovoltaic energy in EU
25
countries as an alternative to fossil fuels. Energies, 15(2), 1-23.
26
109. Wolniak, R., Skotnicka-Zasadzień, B., Zasadzień, M. (2019). Problems of the functioning
27
of e-administration in the Silesian region of Poland from the perspective of a person with
28
disabilities. Transylvanian Review of Public Administration, 57E, 137-155.
29
110. Wolniak, R., Sułkowski, M. (2015). Motywy wdrażanie certyfikowanych Systemów
30
Zarządzania Jakością. Problemy Jakości, 9, 4-9.
31
111. Wolniak, R., Sułkowski, M. (2016). The reasons for the implementation of quality
32
management systems in organizations. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Śląskiej. Seria
33
Organizacji i Zarządzanie, 92, 443-455.
34
112. Wolniak, R., Wyszomirski, A., Olkiewicz, M., Olkiewicz, A. (2021). Environmental
35
corporate social responsibility activities in heating industry - case study. Energies, 14(7),
36
1-19, 1930.
37