Ethnophormacological screening of some selected medicinal plants

Abstract

Human from ancient times have been used plants and their products to various ailments because plant products cause minimal or no side effects. In the present paper we review five traditional Indian medicinal plants used for ethanomedicinal and pharmacological in India traditional medicinal system (Ayurveda), several researchers of have been explored different activities of these plants includes Citrullus colocynthis, Delonix regia, Kiglia pinnata, Martynia annua and Pongamia pinnata. These plants have been used for several medicinal and pharmacological activities like as anti-inflammatory, antifungal and antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic or anti-proliferative, antifertility and abortion etc in different parts around the world.

Full text

Research Journal of Recent
Sciences
Vol. 6(5), 32-41, May (2017)
International Science Community Association
Review Paper
Ethnophormacological screening of some selected medicinal plants
Ram Bhajan Kumawat
1
, Ram Avatar Sharma
1
School of Basic and Applied Science, Poornima University, Jaipur
2
Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
3
Reproductive Biomedicine and Natural Products Lab, Reproductive Physiology Section,
Available online at:
Received 27
th
January
Abstract
H
uman from ancient times have been used plants and their products to various ailments because plant products cause
minimal or no side effects.
In the present paper we review
and pharmacological in India traditional medicinal system (Ayurveda), several researchers of have been explored different
activities of these plants includes Citrullus colocynthis, Delonix regia,
pinnata. These plants have been
used for several medicinal and pharmacological activities like as anti
antifungal and antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic or anti
around the world.
Keywords:
Citrullus colocynthis, Delonix regia,
Introduction
It is observed that use of medicinal plants in traditional system
for human health care because they cause no side
80% of the global population relies on traditional medicine,
much of which is based on plant remedies. Traditional Chinese
medicine alone uses over 5,000 plant species, folkloric
medicinal use in the Philippines, Bangladesh folk medicine and
India. In the recent years, research on medicinal plants has
attracted a lot of attentions globally. Large body of evidence has
accumulated to demonstrate the promising potential of
Medicinal Plants used in various traditional, complementary and
alternate
systems of treatment of human diseases
Citrullus colocynthesis: The plant
Citrullus colocynthis
to Family Cucurbitaceae
is a perennial trailing herb, usually
found wild in the sandy lands of North West, the Punjab, Sind,
and Central and southern India, and coromandal coast,
known as
Indrayan, Indrayan ki jad (root), Chedu Puccha, Cinna
Papara, Kuturu budama, Pikkumut
ti. Tamate Kayi, Tamte Kai,
Rakhale Shasa, kaudatumma, paparabudam and Colocynth,
bitter apple, bitter cucumber, desert gourd, vine of Sodom
Ethanomedicnal properties
In people with sensitive stomach, it may produce severe
purgation, contra indicated
in pregnancy, lactation and in
children. It should only be used under medical supervision.
Take this herb only till the prescribed time period in the
prescribed dosage. It is used in
Ayurvedic medicine with
colocynth as ingredient:
Maha Manjishtadi kashayam
Sciences
_____________________________________
______
International Science Community Association
Ethnophormacological screening of some selected medicinal plants
, Ram Avatar Sharma
1,2
, Pratap Chand Mali
1,3
and P.
Chandrawat
School of Basic and Applied Science, Poornima University, Jaipur
-302022,
India
Department of Botany, University of Rajasthan, Jaipur
- 302004, India
Reproductive Biomedicine and Natural Products Lab, Reproductive Physiology Section,
Department of Zoology
Jaipur - 302004, India
pchandrawat@gmail.com
Available online at:
www.isca.in, www.isca.me
January
2017, revised 21
st
March 2017, accepted 11
th
April 2017
uman from ancient times have been used plants and their products to various ailments because plant products cause
In the present paper we review
five traditional Indian medicinal plants used for
and pharmacological in India traditional medicinal system (Ayurveda), several researchers of have been explored different
activities of these plants includes Citrullus colocynthis, Delonix regia,
Kiglia pinnata,
Martynia annua
used for several medicinal and pharmacological activities like as anti
antifungal and antibacterial, antioxidant, analgesic or anti
-
proliferative, antifertility and abortion etc in different parts
Citrullus colocynthis, Delonix regia,
Kiglia pinnata, Martynia annua
and Pongamia pinnata.
It is observed that use of medicinal plants in traditional system
for human health care because they cause no side
effects. Over
80% of the global population relies on traditional medicine,
much of which is based on plant remedies. Traditional Chinese
medicine alone uses over 5,000 plant species, folkloric
medicinal use in the Philippines, Bangladesh folk medicine and
India. In the recent years, research on medicinal plants has
attracted a lot of attentions globally. Large body of evidence has
accumulated to demonstrate the promising potential of
Medicinal Plants used in various traditional, complementary and
systems of treatment of human diseases
1-4
.
Citrullus colocynthis
belongs
is a perennial trailing herb, usually
found wild in the sandy lands of North West, the Punjab, Sind,
and Central and southern India, and coromandal coast,
also
Indrayan, Indrayan ki jad (root), Chedu Puccha, Cinna
ti. Tamate Kayi, Tamte Kai,
Rakhale Shasa, kaudatumma, paparabudam and Colocynth,
bitter apple, bitter cucumber, desert gourd, vine of Sodom
5,6
.
In people with sensitive stomach, it may produce severe
in pregnancy, lactation and in
children. It should only be used under medical supervision.
Take this herb only till the prescribed time period in the
Ayurvedic medicine with
Maha Manjishtadi kashayam
– as blood
purifier in skin diseases.
Abhayarishta
constipation etc.,
Maha Vishagarbha Taila
disorders with stiffness as a symptom and
Sura –
an alcoholic Ayurvedic preparations (Table
Pharmacological activities
The main chemical contain of fruit pulp colocynthin,
colocynthein, colocynthetin, pectingum. Seed contain a fixed oil
and albuminiods. Flavonoid glycoside quercetin, flavone
glucoside viz iso-
vitexin, isoorentine and iso
ether. Cucurbitane type triterpen glycoside viz colocynthoside A
and B,
cucurbitane type triterpen glycoside viz cucurbitacin E 2
O-beta-D-glcoside and
it’s a glycone cucurbitacin E,
-glucopyranosyl-16alpha-20R-
dihyroxy
-teraen-3,11,22-trione,2-O-beta-D-
glco
and 2,25-di-o-beta-D-
glucopyranosyl
Different parts of the plant explored for the anti
antifungal and antibacterial
11
, antioxidant,
proliferative
12
, hypoglycemic
13
, immature fruit and seed shows
anti-
inflammatory and analgesic activities
antioxidant and free radical scavenging
inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells
male rats
18
(Table-1).
Delonix regia: The plant
Delonix regia
belongs to the Fabaceae family, is an ornamental plant,
commonly known as flamboyant, “flame tree”, royal
regia or “flamboyant”,
the Royal Po
Poinciana
, named after Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy
(1583-
1660), who is credited with introducing the plant to the
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Res. J. Recent Sci.
32
Ethnophormacological screening of some selected medicinal plants
Chandrawat
2
*
India
Department of Zoology
, University of Rajasthan,
uman from ancient times have been used plants and their products to various ailments because plant products cause
five traditional Indian medicinal plants used for
ethanomedicinal
and pharmacological in India traditional medicinal system (Ayurveda), several researchers of have been explored different
Martynia annua
and Pongamia
used for several medicinal and pharmacological activities like as anti
-inflammatory,
proliferative, antifertility and abortion etc in different parts
and Pongamia pinnata.
Abhayarishta
– in haemorrhoids,
Maha Vishagarbha Taila
– in sciatica and joint
disorders with stiffness as a symptom and
Mrita Sanjeevani
an alcoholic Ayurvedic preparations (Table
-1).
The main chemical contain of fruit pulp colocynthin,
colocynthein, colocynthetin, pectingum. Seed contain a fixed oil
and albuminiods. Flavonoid glycoside quercetin, flavone
- 3-
vitexin, isoorentine and iso
orentine-3-methyl
ether. Cucurbitane type triterpen glycoside viz colocynthoside A
cucurbitane type triterpen glycoside viz cucurbitacin E 2
-
it’s a glycone cucurbitacin E,
2-O-beta-D
dihyroxy
-cucurbita-,5,23E,25(26)
glco
pyranosyl-cucurbitacin B
glucopyranosyl
-cucurbitacin L
7,8,9
.
Different parts of the plant explored for the anti
-inflammatory
10
,
, antioxidant,
analgesic or anti-
, immature fruit and seed shows
inflammatory and analgesic activities
14
, anti –alopecia
15
,
antioxidant and free radical scavenging
16
. It also exhibits growth
inhibitory effects on breast cancer cells
17
and antifertility in
Delonix regia
(Bojer ex Hook.) Raf
belongs to the Fabaceae family, is an ornamental plant,
commonly known as flamboyant, “flame tree”, royal
Poinciana
the Royal Po
inciana or Flamboyant,
, named after Phillippe de Longvilliers de Poincy
1660), who is credited with introducing the plant to the

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America
3
. It is found in Malagasy dry forest and its roots can
damage nearby building foundations, paving and drains; the
branches of the tree are brittle and can fall without warning. It
produces in spring striking flame-like scarlet and yellow flowers
before leaf emergency. In India it is cultivated in rural and urban
areas, the flowers of the plant are often used to prepare home-
made water-extracts, traditionally known to have medicinal
properties such as antimicrobial and antifungal activities or used
as antibiotics. It is used in the local medicine in several African
counties, scaling-up at pilot plant level, concentrated
bioproducts containing various natural phenolic compounds
15
(Table-1).
Ethanomedicnal properties
Delonix regia has been used in the folk medicine systems of
several civilizations, anti-diarrhoeal, anti-inflammatory activity,
antioxidant, hepatoprotective and antimicrobial, constipation,
inflammation, arthritis, hemiplagia, leucorrhoea and rheumatism
have been reported. Flowers of Delonix regia have been used as
traditional herbal remedies for gynecological disorders and they
are also used as tablet binder
3
, also is used by folklore for joint
pains and in flatulence. The root of D. regia used for a potent
against abdominal pain while leaves are used as anti-
inflammation, antibacterial activity. Leaves are used by
traditional practitioners in cases of inflammatory joint disorders
as a folklore remedy
16
. Roy S. and Sengupta P.
17
extracted dried
and powered bark of D. regia for lupeol acetate and o-sitosterol
acetate. The floral parts and buds of D. regia contrained 2-
ketoglutaric acid, oxaloacitic acid, pyruvic acid and glyoxylic
acid. Mukherjee D.
18
and
Saleh N.A.M. and Ishak M.S.
19
reported anthocyanins and other flavonoids. Baruah P. and
Sarma G.C.
20
analysed D. regia and other plants qualitatively
and quantatively for amino acids. Parekh J. and Chanda S.
21
have reported protein content of amino acid compounds and
analysed D. regia seeds for organic matter, ash, crude protein
crude carbohydrate, crude lipid, gross energy antinutrients.
Abdullahi S.A. and Abdullahi G.M.
22
and Satish
et al
23
reported
antimicrobial and antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of D.
regia seed and leaves. Ali M.S. et al
24
extract crude extracts of
D. regia and reported antifungal potential. (Table-1) .
Pharmacological activities
D. regia shows many pharmacological activities such as anti-
diarrhoeal activity, gastroprotactive activity
25
, anti- diabetic
26
,
antioxidant
27
, hepatoprotactive activity
28
. Carotenoids are
present in floral parts of Delonix regia
29
, cyanidin diglycoside,
kaempferol and quercetin and carotenoids
30
and polyphenols
31
,
seeds contain flavonoids are used as wound healing agent in
households. Stem bark contains flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins,
sterols, stigmasterols, carotene, hydrocarbons phytotoxins β-
sitosterol, lupeol
32
, p-methoxybenzaldehyde, isolupeol,
carotene, hydrocarbons phytotoxins and phenolic acids
33
(Table-
1).
Kigelia pinnata: K. pinnata (Family Bignoniaceae) also known
as Balam Kheera, Shiva Kundalam, Yaanai Pudukan. The tree
is widely grown as an ornamental tree in tropical regions for its
decorative flowers and unusual fruit. Planting sites should be
selected carefully, as the falling fruit can cause serious injury to
people, and damage vehicles parked under the trees.
Ethanomedicnal properties
The roots and bark of the plant have the naphthoquinone
lapachol and the dihydroisocoumarin kigelin as major
compounds
34
many other compounds, such as naphthaquinoids
kigelinone, pinnatal, and isopinnatal, and the sterols
stigmasterol and beta-sitosterol have been reported in the bark.
It has many anecdotal uses
35
.
The fruit power is applied as a dressing in the treatment of
wounds, abscesses, and ulcers. The green fruit is used as a
poultice for syphilis and rheumatism, and treatment for
backache is reported by a poultice made from leaves. An
infusion is made from the ground bark and fruits to treat
stomach problems in children and an infusion from the roots and
bark are taken for the treatment of pneumonia.
Fruit is useful in
sores for constipation, gynecological disorders, hemorrhoids,
lumbago, dysentery, as a purgative and galactagogue.
Traditionally, the use of the K. pinnata bark in many parts of
Africa is for the treatment of sexually transmitted diseases.
Crude aqueous extracts from the stem bark have shown
significant antimicrobial activity
36,37
. K. pinnata extracts tested
showed mild antibacterial activity, and the highest inhibition
was displayed by the chloroform-soluble extract against
Shigella boydii and Pseudomonas aeruginosa
38
(Table-1).
Pharmacological activities
The flavonoids 6-hydroxyluteolin-7-alpha-glucoside and
luteolin have been isolated from the fruits and the leaves
39
of the
Kiglia pinnata, while the roots have also yielded
dihydroisocoumarins, lapachol, and sterols, and the presence of
iridoid glycosides also has been reported
40
. Heartwood of the
plant shows the presence of lapachol, dehydro-alpha-lapachone,
tecomaquinone-I, D-sesamin, paulownin, kigeliol, kigelinone,
β-sitosterol, and stigmasterol
41
. It is used in skin care products,
cytotoxic activity, anti-inflammatory
42
, wound healing
42
,
antidiarrheal activity
43
antimalarial activity
44
hepatoprotective
activity
45
(Table-1).
Martynia annua: The plant Martynia annua L. belongs to
Family Martyniaceae, is a native of Mexico and also found
throughout India, in waster places, rubbish heaps and road sides.
M. annua seeds and fruits have been reported for the treatment
of asthma, itch and aczema; caused antiandrogenic / antifertility
effects in rats
5
.
Ethanomedicnal poperties
Martynia annua L. is a well-known small herbaceous annual
plant commonly known as Devil’s claw (English), Bichu
(Hindi), Kakanasika (Sanskrit) and Vichchida (Gujarati). known

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as: Vinchhoodo, Telugu;: Bhagnaka,
English
Garuda Mukku, Marathi; Punjabi
: Kaktundi, Bichu,
Hathajari, Tamil
: Thael kodukkukai, Kaakkaa mookuchedi
Hata Jori, Gujarati. M. annua
L. (Family: Martyniaceae), is
native of Mexico and also found throughout India, in waster
places, rubbish heaps and road sides. In
Ayurveda it
kakanasika, which is being used in Indian traditio
for epilepsy, inflammation and tuberculosis, anthelmintic,
analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifertility,
antinociceptive, antioxidant, CNS depressant and wound healing
activity
4,5,47,48
.
M. annua
chemical constituents includes oleic acid, arachidic
acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, gentisic acid, stearic acid,
pelargonidin-3,5-diglucoside, cyanidin-3-
galactoside, p
benzoic acid, apigenin, apigenin-7-
oglucuronidehave been
isolated from th
is plant and the presence of glycosides, tannins,
carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins
acid, constitutes the major part. Other major biological
compounds include pelargonidin-3-5-
diglucoside, cyanidin
galactoside, p-hydroxy benzoi
c acid, gentisicacid, arachidic
acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, apigenin,
apigenin-7-0-glucuronide
50
(Table-1).
Pharmacological activities
Anthelmintic activity
46
, analgesic , antipyretic activity
convulsant
52
, antifertility
5
, an
tinociceptive activity and CNS
depressant activity
52
, antioxidant activity
47
, wound healing
antibacterial activity against Proteus
vulgaris
and B. Thuringensis, Salmonella
paratyphi
paratyphi B, Proteus mirabilis, P.
vulgaris
pneumonia, Proteus vulgaris,
B. subtilis, S. paratyphi
Pseudomonas aeruginosa
53
(Table-1).
Pongamia pinnata: The plant
Pongamia pinnata
Pongamia glabra
(Vent); Derris indica (Lamk.) belongs to
Family Leguminosae
55
have one species only
(L.) Syn. Pongamia glabra (Vent).
Syn Milletia pinnata
common names include Karanj, (Hindi)
Naktam
Kānuga (Telugu).
It is also grown as a host plant for
Pongamia also known as Millettia pinnata
, formerly known as
Pongamia pinnata
, is a tree/shrub with a broadly distributed
from India, through central and south-
eastern Asia, Indonesia
and into northern Australia. The Queensland Herbarium
considers Pongamia native to northern Aust
ralia.
Ethanomedicinal properties
P. pinnata is finding in arid
zones. It is commonly used for
landscaping.The
flowers are used by gardeners as compost for
plants. The bark uses to make twine or rope and it also yields a
black gum that has been used for the treatment of wounds
caused by poisonous fish. The wood is using as
and tool handles.
Pongamia seeds and oil is anthelmintic, styptic, and depurative.
It is useful in rheumatism arthritis, whooping cough, skin
______________________________
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International Science Community Association
English
-Tiger's claw,
: Kaktundi, Bichu,
: Thael kodukkukai, Kaakkaa mookuchedi
L. (Family: Martyniaceae), is
native of Mexico and also found throughout India, in waster
Ayurveda it
is used as
kakanasika, which is being used in Indian traditio
nal medicines
for epilepsy, inflammation and tuberculosis, anthelmintic,
analgesic, antipyretic, antibacterial, anticonvulsant, antifertility,
antinociceptive, antioxidant, CNS depressant and wound healing
chemical constituents includes oleic acid, arachidic
acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, gentisic acid, stearic acid,
galactoside, p
-hydroxy
oglucuronidehave been
is plant and the presence of glycosides, tannins,
carbohydrates, phenols, flavonoids and anthocyanins
49
, oleic
acid, constitutes the major part. Other major biological
diglucoside, cyanidin
-3-
c acid, gentisicacid, arachidic
acid, linoleic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, apigenin,
, analgesic , antipyretic activity
46
, anti-
tinociceptive activity and CNS
, wound healing
49
and
vulgaris
, Bacillus subtilis
paratyphi
A, Salmonella
vulgaris
and Klebsiella
B. subtilis, S. paratyphi
B and
Pongamia pinnata
L. Syn.
(Vent); Derris indica (Lamk.) belongs to
have one species only
Pongamia pinnata
Syn Milletia pinnata
Naktamāla
(Sanskrit),
It is also grown as a host plant for
lac insects.
, formerly known as
, is a tree/shrub with a broadly distributed
eastern Asia, Indonesia
and into northern Australia. The Queensland Herbarium
ralia.
zones. It is commonly used for
flowers are used by gardeners as compost for
plants. The bark uses to make twine or rope and it also yields a
black gum that has been used for the treatment of wounds
caused by poisonous fish. The wood is using as
firewood, posts,
Pongamia seeds and oil is anthelmintic, styptic, and depurative.
It is useful in rheumatism arthritis, whooping cough, skin
alinments and scabies. Seed oil is mainly used in cosmetics, in
soap m
aking and as a lubricant. Seed oil is also used as
insecticidal, nematicidal and bactericidal. Flowers are useful to
quench dipsia in diabetes and for alleviating vata and kapha.
Leaves are digestive, laxative and useful in flatulence,
dyspepsia, diarrhea,
leprosy and cough. Bark is anthelmintic and
used in pesticides. Dried leaves are used in stored grains to repel
insects. The bark also yields a black gum that is used to treat
wounds caused by poisonous fish.
While the oil and residue of the plant are
nausea and vomiting if ingested, the fruits and sprouts, along
with the seeds, are used in many traditional remedies. Juices
from the plant, as well as the oil, are
pests. Seeds oil of P. pinnata
, known as
important asset of this tree an
d has been used as
soap making, and as a lubricant
for thousands of years. The oil
has a high content of triglycerides
, and its disagreeable taste and
odor are due to bitter flavonoid constituents including
pongamol, tannin and
karanjachromene
water harvesting
pits /ponds / lands up to 6 meters water depth
without losing the greenery and to produce bio diesel.
The seeds of pongamia are rich in oil, whi
source of ‘biofuel’.
Pharmacological activities
It is reported to have anti
inflammatory activity
57
, anti-
diarrhoeal activity
and anti-
hyperammonemic activity
hyperglycaemic and anti-
lipidperoxidative activity
deals with the problem reladed with Phytochemistry,
Ethanomedicine and Pharmacological Activities
Conclusion
A number of secondary metabolites viz.
phytosterols, terpenoids, glycolsides, fatty acids, different types
of proteins and many other metabolites are present in different
plant parts.
These compounds exhibit
activities and are being used to cure various diseases and henc
these plants may become a good source of indigenous
medicines.
1.Citrullus colocynthis
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Res. J. Recent Sci.
34
alinments and scabies. Seed oil is mainly used in cosmetics, in
aking and as a lubricant. Seed oil is also used as
insecticidal, nematicidal and bactericidal. Flowers are useful to
quench dipsia in diabetes and for alleviating vata and kapha.
Leaves are digestive, laxative and useful in flatulence,
leprosy and cough. Bark is anthelmintic and
used in pesticides. Dried leaves are used in stored grains to repel
insects. The bark also yields a black gum that is used to treat
While the oil and residue of the plant are
toxic and will induce
nausea and vomiting if ingested, the fruits and sprouts, along
with the seeds, are used in many traditional remedies. Juices
from the plant, as well as the oil, are
antiseptic and resistant to
, known as
pongamia oil, is an
d has been used as
lamp oil, in
for thousands of years. The oil
, and its disagreeable taste and
odor are due to bitter flavonoid constituents including
karanjin,
karanjachromene
. It can be grown in rain
pits /ponds / lands up to 6 meters water depth
without losing the greenery and to produce bio diesel.
The seeds of pongamia are rich in oil, whi
ch might be a new
It is reported to have anti
-plasmodialactivity
57
, anti-
diarrhoeal activity
57
, antioxidant
hyperammonemic activity
58
, anti-ulcer activity
59
, anti-
lipidperoxidative activity
59
. This table
deals with the problem reladed with Phytochemistry,
Ethanomedicine and Pharmacological Activities
(Table-1).
A number of secondary metabolites viz.
-alkaloids, flavonoids,
phytosterols, terpenoids, glycolsides, fatty acids, different types
of proteins and many other metabolites are present in different
These compounds exhibit
various pharmacological
activities and are being used to cure various diseases and henc
e
these plants may become a good source of indigenous
1.Citrullus colocynthis

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2.Delonix regia
3.Kigelia pinnata
Table-1:
Phytochemistry, ethanomedicine and pharmacological activities.
S.N. Workers/
year
Name of Plant
and Plant Part
Sample used
1. Belsem et
al,. (2011)
Anti-
infammatory
Citrullus
colocynthis
Schrad.
Aqueous
extracts
2.
Mali
et al,.
(2003)
Antifertility
with a crude
ethanol
extracts of C.
colocynthis
Schrad fruit
Ethanol
extracts
3.
Dhanotia
et al,.
(2011)
Effect of C.
colocynthis
Schrad fruits
Ether
extracts
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4.Martynia
annua
5.
Pongamia pinnata
Figures-1-5:
Traditional medicinal plants.
Phytochemistry, ethanomedicine and pharmacological activities.
Sample used
Type of activity
studied
Type of activity
studied
Antimicrobial
activities Pharmacological
Aqueous
extracts
Antifungal/antibact
erial Anti-inflammatory
Ethanol
extracts
------- Antifertility
Ether
extracts
------- Anti-inflammatory
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35
annua
Pongamia pinnata
Traditional medicinal plants.
Area /
status Test methods
Internatio
nal
Disc
diffusion and
streak
Optimized,
Inflammator
y process
and
screening
methods
National
rajasthan
Surgical
methods
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and

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screening
methods
4. Rasool et
al,. (2011)
Anticandidal
screening and
antibacterial
of C.
colocynthis
Aqueous
extracts
Anticandidal/
antibacterial -------- Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
5. Ahmed et
al,. (2011)
Hepatoprotect
ive activity of
methanol
extract of
aerial parts of
Delonix regia
Methanol
extract --------- Hepatoprotective
activity
National
Continuous
extraction
method
6. Rahman et
al,. (2011)
D. regia leaf
extract on
glucose
Methanol
extract ------- Hyp erglycemic Internatio
nal
Glucose clamp
technique
7.
Rani
et al,.
(2011)
Screening of
antioxidant
activity of
Delonix regia.
Phenolics
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial Antioxidant Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion,
streak and
DPPH method
8.
Shabir
et al,.
(2011)
leaves,
flowers and
bark of Gold
mohar
Delonix regia.
Aquous,
ethanplic
extracts
Antimicrobial Antioxidant Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion,
streak and
DPPH method
9. Vaishali et
al,. (2011)
Gastroprotecti
ve activity of
ethanolic
extract
Delonix regia
flowers
Ethanolic
extract Antimicrobial Gastroprotective
activity
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
CPRHE
screening
10.
Pradeepa
et al.,
(2012)
The leaf
Delonix regia
Ethanolic
extract Antimicrobial
Antinociceptive
activity,
antioxidant
National
Disc diffusion
and streak
Method
Tail-immersion
test; narcotic
agonists and
partial agonists
DPPH
11.
Satyavani
et al.,
(2010)
Citrullus
colocynthis
biomedical
potentials.
Methanol
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial Anti-inflammatory Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
12.
Adje
et al.,
(2008)
Delonix regia
flowers.
water extracts Antifungal/antibact
erial Anti-inflammatory Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods

Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502
Vol. 6(5), 32-41, May (2017) Res. J. Recent Sci.
International Science Community Association 37
13.
Ali
et al.,
(1999)
D. regia seed. Ethanolic
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial ---- Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
14.
Saba
et al.,
(2010)
Citrullus
colocynthis
Methanol
extract ----
antioxidant, anti-
inflammatory/analg
esic or anti-
proliferative drug
National
DPPH method
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
15.
Akah
et al.,
(1996)
Kigelia
africana water extracts Antibacterial Antidiarrheal
activity
National
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
16.
Kumar
et al.,
(2008)
Kigelia
pinnata DC
fruits.
Methanolic
extract ---- Anti-nociceptive
Anti-inflammatory
National
Tail-immersion
test; narcotic
agonists and
partial agonists
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
17.
Jackson
et al.,
(1996)
Stem bark and
fruit Kigelia
pinnata
(Bignoniaceae
).
Ethanolic
ext.Stem bark
and fruit
extracts
----- Antineoplastic National
Oral feeding in
Swiss mice
Method
liquid
chromatograph
y-mass
spectrometry/m
ass
spectrometry
(LC-MS/MS)
analytical
methods
18.
Mali
et al.,
(2002)
Martynia
annua root Root extract -------- Antifertility
National
Rajasthan,
Jaipur
Oral feeding in
Swiss mice and
Surgical
methods
19.
Nagda
et al.,
(2009)
leaves
Martynia
annua
Methanolic
and aqueous
extract
Antimicrobial Antioxidant
activities
National
Disc diffusion,
streak and
DPPH method
20.
Prabha
et al.,
(2003)
Pongamia
pinnata root Root extract ----- Gastriculcers National
Oral feeding in
Swiss mice
method
21.
Satish
et al.,
(2007)
Seeds
Pongamia
Pinnata
Plant extracts Antifungal activity ------ Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
22.
Singh
et al.,
(2013)
Pongamia
Pinnata (L.) .
calls
Hydroalcoholi
c Extract Antimicrobial
Anti-Inflammatory
and Anti-Arthritic
Activity
Internatio
nal
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
23.
Priya
et al.,
(2008)
Crude Extract
of Ficus
Racemosa.
Crude and
Ethanol
Extract
Anthelmintic ------- Internatio
nal
Maceration,
Egg hatch test,
Larval motility

Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502
Vol. 6(5), 32-41, May (2017) Res. J. Recent Sci.
International Science Community Association 38
test and Adult
worm motility
test method
24.
Azu
et al.,
(2010)
Kigelia
Africana Fruit Fruit Extract ------------ Antioxidant
Internatio
nal
African
DPPH method
25.
Owolabi
et al.,
(2007)
leaves extract
of Kigelia
africana
Methanolic
leaves extract --------
Analgesic and anti-
inflammatory
activities
Internatio
nal
African
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
26.
Shivhare
et al.,
(2010)
Trichosanthes
dioica Roxb
(fruits)
Methanolic
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial ----------- National
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
27.
Sadaf
et al.,
(2006)
Sphaeranthus
indicus
Cream
containing
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial ------
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
28.
Nayak
et al.,
(2009)
Morinda
citrifolia L.
leaf
Ethanolic
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial Anti-Inflammatory National
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
29.
Leite
et al.,
(2002)
Vernonia
scorpioides
Vernonia
scorpioides
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial Healing activity
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Hematological
parameters
30.
Mukherjee
et al.,
(2000)
Hypericum
patulum leaf Leaf extract Antifungal/antibact
erial Healing activity
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Hematological
parameters
31.
Rashed
et al.,
(2003)
Portulaca
oleracea L.
(growing in
Jordan)
Crude extract Antifungal/antibact
erial Healing activity
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Hematological
parameters
32.
Moiden
et al.,
(1999)
Kigelia
pinnata
against
Trypanosoma
brucei brucei
F. Activity of
extracts
Antifungal/antibact
erial Anti-Inflammatory National
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
33.
Weiss
et al.,
(2000)
Kigelia
pinnata
against
Plasmodium
falciparium.
Activity of
extracts and
isolated
naphthoquino
nes
----- Antimalarial National
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
34. Bharti
et al.,
Kigelia
pinnata.
Isolation
extracts
Antiamoeboic
activity ------ Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak

Research Journal of Recent Sciences ______________________________________________________________ ISSN 2277-2502
Vol. 6(5), 32-41, May (2017) Res. J. Recent Sci.
International Science Community Association 39
(2006) method
35.
Owolabi
et al.,
(2007)
Stem bark
Kigelia
africana
Ethanolic
stem bark
extract
Analgesic and
anti‐inflammatory
activities
Internatio
nal
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
36.
Balakrishn
an et al.,
(2010)
Alangium
salvifolium
leaf
Salvifolium
leaf extracts ------- Antiepileptic
activity
Internatio
nal
Screening
methods
37.
Pandey
et al.,
(2013)
Martynia
annua
Incorporated
extract
Antifungal/antibact
erial --------------
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
38.
Behera
et al.,
(2012)
Pongamia
pinnata
Alcoholic
Leaf
Alcoholic
Leaf Extract ------ Antioxidant
Internatio
nal
DPPH method
39.
Senthil
et al.,
(2001)
Jatropha
curcus oil and
its methyl
esters as a
fuel
Methyl
Extract Antimicrobial -----------
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
40.
Elanchezh
iyan
et al.,
(1992)
Pongamia
pinnata, Linn
cells.
Ethanolic and
Seed extract Antiviral properties --------------
Internatio
nal
Screening,
plaque
reduction,
inhibition of
virus yield and
prevention of
HSV-2
methods
41.
Divya
et al.,
(2013)
Pongamia
Pinnata (L.)
Pierre Seed.
cells
Hydroalcoholi
c Extract Antimicrobial
Anti-Inflammatory
and Anti-Arthritic
Activity
Internatio
nal
Disc diffusion
and streak
method
Optimized,
Inflammatory
process and
screening
methods
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