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Publications
Publications (69)
Blooms of cyanobacteria are recurrent phenomena in coastal estuaries. Their maximum abundance coincides with the productive period of zooplankton and pelagic fish. Experimental studies indicate that diazotrophic, i.e. dinitrogen (N2)-fixing cyanobacterial (taxonomic order Nostocales) blooms affect zooplankton, as well as other phytoplankton. We use...
Executive summary and recommendations The EU Water Framework Directive 1 (WFD) is an ambitious legislation framework to achieve good ecological and chemical status for all surface waters and good quantitative and chemical status for groundwater by 2027. A total of 111,062 surface waterbodies are presently reported on under the Directive, 46% of whi...
Oceans around the world are threatened by human pressures. Ecological indicators are useful tools in understanding complex systems and their changes caused by human pressures, and the information they offer is also needed for ecosystem-based management. Integrated assessments combine information produced by several indicators at different spatial s...
The representativeness of aquatic ecosystem monitoring and the precision of the assessment results are of high importance when implementing the EU’s Water Framework Directive that aims to secure a good status of waterbodies in Europe. However, adapting monitoring designs to answer the objectives and allocating the sampling resources effectively are...
A long-term trophic development of three geographical transects—including a river mouth, an estuary, and an archipelago—were studied in the southern Finnish coast in the Baltic Sea. Each transect was studied to clarify how far off the coast the land-based nutrient sources (catchment factor, CF) had a decisive role in shaping the wintertime regimes...
Earth Observation (EO) offers spatially and temporally unique data for generating information required under various environmental regulations for assessing the status of surface waters. These requirements, which are laid down in, for example, European Union directives and the Clean Water Act in the United States, share two core elements with respe...
The working report focuses on the Olkiluoto open-sea area, where a two-day measurement campaign was carried out in September 2013. The main objectives for the study were 1) to provide input such as concentration ratios (water-to-biota) for the needs of surface modelling in the biosphere assessment and 2) to increase knowledge of the Olkiluoto open-...
The loading of P into the Gulf of Finland has decreased markedly, but no overall trend in the concentration of P has been observed in the open Gulf, where the concentrations of both inorganic N and P still have a pronounced inter-annual variability. Our main aim was to study whether the internal processes driven by atmospheric forcing can explain t...
Suomessa EU:n direktiivi vesien suojelemisesta maataloudesta peräisin olevien nitraattien aiheuttamalta pilaantumiselta, eli nitraattidirektiivi, pantiin täytäntöön ympäristönsuojelulain nojalla annetulla valtioneuvoston nitraattiasetuksella vuonna 2000. Nitraattiasetus korvattiin uudella asetuksella vuonna 2014. Asetus sisältää nitraattidirektiivi...
Combining the existing knowledge on links between functional characteristics of phytoplankton taxa and food web functioning with the methods from long-term data analysis, we present an approach for using phytoplankton monitoring data to draw conclusions on potential effects of phytoplankton taxonomic composition on the next trophic level. This info...
We analyze dynamically optimal eutrophication management using two controls, targeted
fishing and reduction of external nutrient loads. Fishing removes nutrients from the water
ecosystem, and the size of the fish stock also influences eutrophication through food web
effects and other mechanisms. We show that fisheries have a role to play in cost-ef...
Climate change, eutrophication, and fishing are main pressures associated with changes in the abiotic and biotic environment
in several sub-basins of the Baltic Sea. Identifying the nature of such changes is of relative importance for fisheries and
environmental management. The Bothnian Bay is the northernmost sub-basin in the Baltic Sea and the re...
We review approaches and tools currently used in Nordic countries (Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden) for integrated assessment of ‘ecological status’ sensu the EU Water Framework Directive as well as assessment of ‘eutrophication status’ in coastal and marine waters. Integration principles for combining indicators within Biological Quality Eleme...
The worldwide economic downturn and the climate change in the beginning of 21st century have stressed the need for cost efficient and systematic operations model for the monitoring and management of surface waters. However, these processes are still all too fragmented and incapable to respond these challenges. For example in Finland, the estimation...
Boreal coastal seas are reported to be subject of high carbon load from land, yet actual published results on the trends in carbon concentration in coastal waters are scarce.We examined a unique time series of total organic carbon (TOC) concentration at 20 sites along the Finnish coast of the northern Baltic Sea to identify linkages between TOC and...
Vesienhoidon suunnittelussa on kyse eri toimijoiden sitoutumisesta ja sitouttamisesta.
Politiikkakielellä puhutaan tahtotilasta, joka yhteisesti määritellään
ja jonka saavuttamiseksi päätetään yhdessä ponnistella. Käytännössä ei kuitenkaan
ole lainkaan selvää, miten ja missä puitteissa sitoutuminen tapahtuu ja saa
merkityksensä.
SYKEssä toteutettav...
Diffuse pollution from agriculture and forestry is most widespread stressor degrading condition of surface waters in Finland. However, impacts of the diffuse pollution on ecological status of water bodies has been poorly understood. This report presents results of a monitoring programme ‘MaaMet’ from 2007-2012. The programme is funded by the Minist...
This work describes the development of the EU Water Framework Directive central water quality elements from 1970 to 2010 in the Gulf of Finland, a eutrophied sub-basin of the Baltic Sea. The likelihood of accomplishing the management objectives simultaneously is assessed using Bayesian networks. The objectives of good ecological status in summer-ti...
This work describes the development of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) central water quality elements from 1970 to 2010 in the Gulf of Finland, a eutrophied subbasin of the Baltic Sea. The objectives of good ecological status in summer-time nutrient concentration, chlorophyll a concentration and Secchi depth are not met at present and it is...
Patterns of phytoplankton size spectra variation with gradients of environmental stress have been
observed in freshwater, transitional waters and marine ecosystems, driving the development of size
spectra based assessment tools.
In this study, we have tested on transitional and coastal waters a new Index of Size spectra Sensitivity
of Phytoplankton...
Suomen ensimmäinen pintavesien ekologisen ja kemiallisen tilan luokittelu laadittiin vuonna 2008 vesienhoidon ensimmäisen suunnittelukauden ohjeistuksen (Ympäristöhallinnon ohjeita OH 3/2009) mukaisesti. Tässä oppaassa esitetään päivitetyt arviointiperusteet pintavesien ekologisen ja kemiallisen tilan arviointiin ja luokitteluun vesienhoidon toista...
This paper describes the development of the EU Water Framework Directive central water quality elements from 1970 to 2010 in the Gulf of Finland, a eutrophied sub-basin of the Baltic Sea. The likelihood of accomplishing the management objectives simultaneously is assessed using Bayesian networks. The objectives of good ecological status in winter-t...
Environmental conditions play a crucial role in the distribution and abundance of fish species in any area. Much research has been attributed to the requirements and tolerance limits of commercially exploited fish species. It is rare, however, that studies have been able to address the relative importance of potentially restrictive environmental fa...
Sustainable development is one of the key concepts in coastal management, and indicators are widely considered to be suitable communicative and easy-to-use tools in providing environmental information for management. However, the applicability of aggregate indicators still needs examination and discussion. In this study the Trophic Index TRIX was a...
In Finland, the first large-scale efforts to control nutrient loading from agriculture got under way with the introduction of the EU Agri-Environmental Program in 1995. We examined whether these efforts have decreased agricultural nutrient losses and improved the quality of receiving waters. To do so we used monitoring data on fluxes of nutrients a...
Classification of waters using biological quality elements and determination of the degree of deviation from reference levels
is a key issue in the Water Framework Directive of EU. Lakes in reference conditions with sufficient biological data are available
for several boreal lake types with the exception of naturally eutrophic lakes. An empirical a...
The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) establishes new requirements to traditional surface water monitoring. The monitoring programmes of coastal waters have to be reported to the European Commission by the end of 2006. WFD introduces the concept that the state of the coastal waters should be assessed mainly on biological qual...
We used high-resolution paleoecological records of environmental change to study the rate and magnitude of eutrophication over the last century in two contrasting coastal ecosystems. A multiproxy approach using geochemical and biological indicators and diatom-based transfer functions provides a long-term perspective on changes in nutrient concentra...
The implementation of the EU Water Framework Directive (WFD) establishes new requirements to traditional surface water monitoring. The monitoring programmes of coastal waters have to be reported to the European Commission by the end of 2006. WFD introduces the concept that the state of the coastal waters should be assessed mainly on biological qual...
In this study long-term (1984–2001) phytoplankton and physico-chemical monitoring data representing different salinity regimes of the Baltic Sea were compiled from HELCOM, national and regional databases. The aim was to define seasonal succession patterns of phytoplankton in seven different areas of the Baltic sea, characterised by different salini...
Marine Ecology Progress Series 290: 35-53., 0171-8630; (print); 1616-1599; (online) One of the primary challenges of the Water Framework Directive (WFD) of the European Union is to provide a guide for the recovery of surface waters from pollution. However, few studies deal with reference conditions according to the WFD in coastal waters. Using the...
In: Schernewski, G. & Wielgat. M.(eds): Baltic Sea Typology. [Warnemünde], EUCC - Die Küsten Union Deutschland. P. 27-38. Coastline Reports 4., 0928-2734
In: Eloranta, Pertti (ed.) Inland and coastal waters of Finland. Helsinki, University of Helsinki, Palmenia Centre for Continuing Education, Palmenia Publishing. S. 41-62. The XXIX SIL Congress, Lahti, Finland, 8-14 August, 2004
During recent decades the amounts of nutrients discharged to Finnish surface waters have markedly decreased. This has been achieved by considerable investments in water protection, which were made mainly to improve municipal and industrial wastewater purification. We investigated whether these water protection measures have decreased phosphorus and...
Coastal eutrophication, manifested as hypoxia and anoxia, is a global problem. Only a few empirical models, however, exist to predict bottom oxygen concentration and percentage saturation from nutrient load or morphometry in coastal waters, which are successfully used to predict phytoplankton biomass both in lakes and in estuaries. Furthermore, har...
Estimation of pollutant fluxes through river systems calls for accurate and precise load estimation. However, considerable uncertainty is associated with these estimates due to diffuse loading, which sets high requirements not only on sampling frequencies but also on calculation methods. The aim was to examine the variation in load calculations and...
The temporal changes and spatial variability of phosphorus and nitrogen losses and concentrations in Finland during the period 1981-1997 were studied in 15 small agricultural and forested catchments. In addition, four coastal river basins with high agricultural land use located in southern Finland were included in the study in order to assess the r...
Ambio 31(3): 260-261., 0044-7447
Coastal eutrophication is a key environmental concern in Finland. A highly indented, well-settled coastline with a myriad of small estuaries means that eutrophication occurs at numerous localities. There is a clear need for general models that predict eutrophication across estuaries. Lake eutrophication has been successfully predicted using a combi...
Ophelia, ISSN 0078-5326, vol. 42, 179-191 The nutrient load of the River Neva and the St. Petersburg region strongly affects the trophic status of esatern Gulf of Finland. The extent of eutrophication and its effect on the phytoplankton community were studied in the eastern Gulf of Finland in August 1990-1992. The phytoplankton of the easternmost p...
Trophic conditions and hydrography of the whole north-east Gulf of Finland in both the Finnish and the Russian waters, including the Neva Estuary, were for the first time extensively explored in August 1990. The Neva Estuary was defined on the basis of hydrographical and geomorphological characteristics. The results revealed extensive and strong in...
Vesi- ja ympäristöhallinnon julkaisuja = Publications of the Water and Environment Administration, ISSN 0786-9592 ; 50 Pages: 137 p. In the autumn of 1987 exceptionally heavy blooms of blue-green algae, especially Microcystis aeruginosa, caused problems to fishery and recreation along the Finnish coast in the eastern Gulf of Finland. Subsequently a...
Ympäristökatsaus, ISSN 0787-863X, vol. 6, nr. 2, 22-25
Ympäristökatsaus, ISSN 0787-863X, vol. 6, nr. 2, 26-27
Ympäristökatsaus, vol. 7, nro 2, s. 23-25., 0787-863X During 1990-1994 the transport of nutrients to the Finnish coastal waters included 69 000 t of nitrogen and 3 800 t of phosphorus annually. The annual transport of organic matter measured as CODMn was 1 128 000 t, respectively.
Ympäristökatsaus, vol. 7, nro 2, s. 26-27., 0787-863X In the coastal waters of Finland, the trophic status is clearly highest in the Gulf of Finland. In 1995, the highest concentrations of chlorophyll a measured at Huovari compared to the other 12 intensive stations. In spite of the site of the station in the open Gulf of Finland outside the direct...
Ympäristö / Katsaus, vol. 11, nro 2, s. 21., 1237-0711 During 1991-1995 the transport of nutrients to the Finnish coastal waters included 69 000 t of nitrogen and 3 800 t of phosphorus annually. About half of the nutrient transport was disharged to the Bothnian Bay. The Gulf of Finland was responsible for about 20 % of the nutrient transport. As a...
Julk.: Rantajärvi, Eija (toim.). Leväkukintatilanne Suomen merialueilla ja varsinaisella Itämerellä vuonna 1996. Helsinki, Merentutkimuslaitos. S. 11-12. Meri - Report Series of the Finnish Institute of Marine Research ; 29., 1238-5328 The trophic status of Finnish coastal waters in late summer 1996 was classified on the basis of the level of chlor...
Ympäristö / Katsaus, vol. 14, nr 2, p. 17, 1237-0711
In: Ryhänen, Eeva-Liisa (toim.) 2003. Itämeri. Helsinki, WSOY. s. 158-165.
In: Pitkänen, Heikki. (toim.) 2004. Rannikko- ja avomerialueen tila vuosituhannen vaihteessa : Suomen Itämeren suojeluohjelman taustaselvitykset. Helsinki, Suomen ympäristökeskus. S. 10-11. Suomen ympäristö ; 669., 1238-7312
In: Pitkänen, Heikki. (toim.) 2004. Rannikko- ja avomerialueen tila vuosituhannen vaihteessa : Suomen Itämeren suojeluohjelman taustaselvitykset. Helsinki, Suomen ympäristökeskus. S. 14-16. Suomen ympäristö ; 669., 1238-7312
In: Hildén, Mikael, Auvinen, Ari-Pekka, Primmer, Eeva (toim.). Suomen biodiversiteettiohjelman arviointi. Helsinki, Suomen ympäristökeskus. S. 70-77. Suomen ympäristö ; 770., 1238-7312
The tackling of coastal eutrophication requires water protection measures based on status assessments of water quality. The main purpose of this thesis was to evaluate whether it is possible both scientifically and within the terms of the European Union Water Framework Directive (WFD) to assess the status of coastal marine waters reliably by using...
