Piotr Nowakowski

Silesian University of Technology · Faculty of Transport and Aviation Engineering

One of the social measures applied during the COVID-19 pandemic has been the use of personal protective equipment (PPE)-face masks and gloves. As a result, this waste category has expanded enormously. This study investigates waste management issues from multiple perspectives, including local governments, waste collection companies, and individual c...

Mobile collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment is a collection method that is convenient for residents and companies. New opportunities to use mobile apps and internet applications facilitate the ordering of waste pickups from households and preparation of a collection plan for a waste collection company. It improves the secondary r...

This study investigates an image recognition system for the identification and classification of waste electrical and electronic equipment from photos. Its main purpose is to facilitate information exchange regarding the waste to be collected from individuals or from waste collection points, thereby exploiting the wide acceptance and use of smartph...

Some categories of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) escape legal methods of disposal. The waste stream intended for recycling is sometimes disrupted because of the stockpiling of end of life (EOL) equipment in households. In some cases this equipment may be non-functional or broken but it is kept by the individuals. It is usually eq...

Mobile collection of e-waste on demand is one of the methods that can contribute to an increase in the collection rate of waste. In this method, a person requests the waste pick up from a household at a preferred time. To support such a collection method an efficient algorithm and information system for convenient waste disposal for residents has t...

Link for free access untill March 12 2024 https://authors.elsevier.com/a/1iTRl8MwAmu3mJ

Urban mining is a part of a circular economy. One of the categories of products widely used in households is electrical and electronic equipment. There is a big variety of materials required to manufacture any electronic or electrical product. This chapter discusses the recycling potential of various categories of e-waste. The secondary raw materia...

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) can be produced from combustible materials contained in municipal waste. This article investigates energy and material flow of waste in different scenarios for production of RDF from bulky waste, separately collected waste, and mixed municipal solid waste (MSW). We compare the proportion of energy consumption in transporta...

The effectiveness of e-waste collection depends on organizational and social factors. Individuals should have easy access to collection points and be aware of proper methods of e-waste disposal. This article investigates the availability, usability, and occurring irregularities of the container collection of small-waste electrical and electronic eq...

Refuse-derived fuel (RDF) can be produced from combustible materials contained in municipal waste. After pre-treatment of waste it is possible shipping RDF a waste-to-energy plant (WtE). This article investigates energy and material flow of waste for different scenarios for production of RDF from bulky waste, separately collected waste, and mixed m...

Transportation and collection of waste by collection companies should provide an efficient and reliable service for residents and businesses. Many factors related to environmental issues accompany waste collection. These depend on vehicle usage, exhaust emissions, mass, and category of waste. The exhaust emissions contribute to smog phenomena, espe...

Recovery and recycling end-of-life tires (ELT) incur a significant cost of collection and transportation. Improperly conducted ELT collection contributes to excessive vehicle exhaust emissions and high transportation costs. This study investigates the collection and transportation costs of ELT including preliminary processing of waste tires like cu...

The article discusses the utilitarian problem of the mobile collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment. Due to its N P-hard nature, implies the application of approximate methods to discover suboptimal solutions in an acceptable time. The paper presents the proposal of a novel method of designing the Evolutionary and Memetic Algorithms...

Biodegradable waste is a separate group of waste collected from households. The amount of collected waste is characterized by very high variability in the year, resulting from the seasonality of grass mowing, which makes it difficult to properly plan and select appropriate vehicles for collection. It should also be emphasized that due to the lack o...

The recent coronavirus pandemic has many implications for everyday human activity. One of the measures imposed by governments in many countries is the mandatory use of personal protective equipment like face masks and gloves. As a result, after use, these products become a new category of the waste stream from households and other public or private...

This article presents the results of the analysis of waste collection in selected rural and urban municipalities in the Silesian Voivodship in Poland in the years 2014-2018. A new approach has been presented for the evaluation of the economic efficiency of the waste management system including all costs and revenues both for the local administratio...

E-waste collected from households must be properly processed in recycling plants to acquire high-purity output materials and hazardous substances removed. It requires a systematic approach to the disassembly process and wastes classification and categorization. Big variety of shapes and materials used in the equipment need processing lines includin...

This chapter focuses on the main methods for the collection and transportation of waste. The main goal is to create an efficient waste collection framework within circular economy rules. The collection of waste has to be conducted by the involvement of the society, and it has to be supported by education and information campaigns. Other discussed i...

A circular economy approach requires methods of resource management that are sustainable and efficient. A crucial process in waste management is collection and transportation of waste. One of the most valuable streams is waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE). There is a variety of disposal methods available for residents and a variety of...

Bulky waste is one of the groups of household waste that has to be collected separately. Scheduled collection is one of the methods, but in some regions in Poland a collection on demand is an alternative solution. Using this method a household resident requests waste pickup from a household by a collection company. To collect bulky waste from numer...

Summary. Vehicle onboard travel planning systems has been developed within last several years. Since the development of GPS based devices equipped with digital maps had been applied in many vehicles a route planning became easy and convenient for any driver. Although such systems are used by any driver, for delivery or courier companies it is espec...

Recykling odpadów zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego (ZSEE) jest prowadzony w zakładach demontażowych, które dysponują odpowiednio wyposażonymi liniami do demontażu takiego sprzętu. Systemy komputerowo wspomaganego projektowania pozwalają nie tylko na przygotowanie projektu takiej linii, ale jednocześnie dysponują bogatymi możliwościa...

Waste electrical and electronic equipment belongs to a waste group with high recycling potential. After disassembly, the materials can be recycled, bringing economic and environmental benefits. The critical issue in the reverse supply chain is the exchange of information between manufacturers of electrical and electronic equipment and disassembly p...

The task of increasing collection rates of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is an important challenge in the global economy, and especially in the European Union where stiffer collection targets set out in a new WEEE directive are to be effective by 2019. As the circular economy approach replaces the linear model, resource recycling...

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) was separated from the households’ waste stream. WEEE collection level - 65% of equipment put on the market to be achieved in Poland by 2021 as a new WEEE directive target is a very demanding task, especially for individual municipalities. The article presents the results of conducted collections of...

Zużyty sprzęt elektryczny i elektroniczny został wydzielony jako odrębna grupa odpadów z gospodarstw domowych. Charakteryzuje się znaczną zawartością materiałów konstrukcyjnych łatwych do recyklingu, ale również zawiera substancje niebezpieczne dla środowiska. W artykule przedstawiono aktualną statystykę zbiórki ZSEE w Unii Europejskiej (UE) i w Po...

W artykule przedstawiono analizę funkcjonowania łańcucha logistyki zwrotnej zużytego sprzętu elektrycznego i elektronicznego (ZSEE) w Polsce. Wskazane zostały podstawowe ogniwa, w których może dochodzić do zmniejszenia efektywności zbiórki. Czynniki, które decydują o poziome zbiórki, zostały podzielone na społeczne-podejmowanie decyzji o sposobach...

Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE), also known as e-waste, is one of the most important waste streams with high recycling potential. Materials used in these products are valuable, but some of them are hazardous. The urban mining approach attempts to recycle as many materials as possible, so efficiency in collection is vital. There are...

Government agencies have implemented regulations to reduce the volume of waste electrical and electronic equipment to protect the environment and encourage recycling. The effectiveness of systems through which waste electrical and electronic equipment is collected and recycled depends on (a) the development and operation of new programmes to proces...

The requirements of European Union of acquiring high level of collection and recycling of raw materials from separate collection of waste is demanding task for collection and treatment companies. An important task is to limit collection and transportation cost of wastes. A group of raw materials from separate collection is characterized by high vol...

The significance of the flow of information involved in the process of collecting waste electrical and electronic equipment and a challenging combination of the travelling salesman problem, three-dimensional packing and the scheduling occurring in planning of the collection route process form a problem, interesting in terms of logistics and informa...

Waste collection from households is an important task to be completed efficiently by collection companies. It is especially difficult task after introducing recast of waste collection law in Poland – effective from July 2013. Separated collection became a priority task to sort individual material groups from municipal waste from households like pla...

In global demand of improvement of electrical and electronic waste management systems, stakeholders look for effective collection systems that generate minimal costs. In this study we propose a novel model for application in mobile collection schemes - on demand that waste be taken back from household residents. This type of the waste equipment col...

End of life vehicles (ELV) are important stream of waste including significant volume of materials that can be recycled. In European Union the system of collecting and treatment of ELV is described in Directive WE 2000/53/EC. This study analyzes trends in collection and recycling and it is calculated the forecast till 2018 in Poland. It was analyze...

Abstract Waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) is important waste stream from households. It has big recycling potential. There are some materials easily to be recycled. Therefore it should be created effective reverse supply chain. The principles of the system are described in WEEE directive. In the paper the study is focused on determi...

Abstract The problems in collection of waste electrical and electronic equipment (WEEE) in Poland have the influence on low level of collection rate per capita which was 4,25kg in 2013. Therefore, it is necessary to improve some components of the system. In the paper it is discussed problem of optimization transportation tasks. It has been used an...

Waste electronic and electric equipment (WEEE) is a serious problem in XXI century. There were many initiatives undertaken to solve the problems with natural environment pollution and recovery of raw materials from that kind of waste. As a result of that it was created reverse logistics system including collection, transportation, processing and re...

Interdisciplinary approach to management, collection and processing of waste electrical and electronic equipment with many case studies including design phase. Examples of disassembling process, shredding and separating machines and design of treatment facility. Information exchange about electrical and electronic equipment between designers and re...

Dismantling end of life automotive vehicles (ELV) is a task that requires support of information technologies. Collection and dismantling stations are able to disassemble ELV, aided by different systems. Identification techniques, CAD visualization, and waste management software are applied. In the paper there are discussed different systems used i...

The problem of recycling end of life automotive vehicles is serious worldwide. It is one of the most important streams of waste in developed countries. It has big importance as recycling potential of raw materials content in automotive vehicles is valuable. Different parts and assemblies after dismantling can also be reused in vehicles where replac...

Collection systems in several countries in EU do not operate in satisfactory level. It has a lot of differences between Scandinavian countries and Central and Southern countries in EU. It depends on infrastructure, ecological education of citizens and collection systems. There are different methods of collecting waste equipment. It can be distingui...

Waste electronic and electric equipment became a serious problem in XXI century. Within last few years there were many initiatives undertaken to solve the problems with natural environment pollution and recovery of raw materials from the waste. It is almost impossible to manage, acquire data and disassemble the electronic products without informati...

Current requirements for machines and devices design include all stages of life cycle. From one side it must be considered supply chain with all relations between design and manufacturing but from the other side all important factors concerning operation and maintenance of machines should be considered. All stages of life cycle have major impacts o...

In the paper it is presented system for collection, dismantling and recycling of end-of-life vehicles. There are discussed framework of the system based on ELV European directive and Polish act. It is presented profitability of recycling of typical vehicles in Poland and methods of effective preparation of wrecks for shredding and further steel pro...

In the paper there are presented problems with dismantling of end life vehicles in Poland. The new solutions are website based database environment for gaining information about materials used in vehicles and methods of dismantling. There is a project of small size dismantling station presented in this article.

In the paper are presented results of market researches of logisticenterprises in Upper Silesia region which determine the level of implementation of GPS systems in vehicles. The results of that research implied design of GPS-GPRS module to be applied in vehicles as an alternative solution for modules already present on the market.