Pingping (Gareth) Jiang

University of Copenhagen · Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 is an important anti-inflammatory protein in milk and colostrum. TGF-β2 supplementation appears to reduce gut inflammatory diseases in early life, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in young mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β2 protects immature intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remain to...

Background & aims: Gut immaturity leads to feeding difficulties in very preterm infants (<32 weeks gestation at birth). Maternal milk (MM) is the optimal diet but often absent or insufficient. We hypothesized that bovine colostrum (BC), rich in protein and bioactive components, improves enteral feeding progression, relative to preterm formula (PF)...

Background: Human breast milk has a high microRNA (miRNA) content. It remains unknown whether and how milk miRNAs might affect intestinal gene regulation and homeostasis of the developing microbiome after initiation of enteral nutrition. However, this requires that relevant milk miRNA amounts survive gastrointestinal passage, are taken up by cells...

Newborn infants are prone to sepsis and related inflammation of different organs. Neuroinflammation has been associated with long-term adverse neuronal (neuropsychiatric/neurodegenerative) outcomes, including attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) or even Alzheimer's disease. Despite a vast number of findings on sepsis-induced inflammatory...

Breast milk has neurodevelopmental advantages compared to infant formula, especially in low-birth-weight infants, which may in part relate to the fat source. This study compared neurodevelopmental outcomes in three-day-old normal birth weight (NBW) and intrauterine growth restricted (IUGR) piglets fed a formula diet with either vegetable oil (VEG)...

Prolonged parturition duration has been widely demonstrated to be a risk factor for incidence of stillbirth. This study evaluated the supply of dietary fibre on the parturition duration, gut microbiota and metabolome using sows as a model. A total of 40 Yorkshire sows were randomly given diet containing normal level of dietary fibre (NDF, 17.5% die...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is closely associated with diarrhoea in children in resource-limited countries. This study aims to investigate the change of the mucosal microbiome and protein expression in the ileum induced by E. coli K88 (ETEC) using pigs as a model. Seven weaned male pigs were orally given ETEC (1 × 109 CFU, n = 7), and t...

Chorioamnionitis (CA) is a risk factor for preterm birth and is associated with neurodevelopmental delay and cognitive disorders. Prenatal inflammation-induced brain injury may resolve during the immediate postnatal period when rapid brain remodeling occurs. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected at birth may be a critical source of predictive biomark...

Compare with preterm formula, donor human milk (DM) is associated with a lower risk of mortality and morbidity in preterm infants. It is thus deemed superior to preterm formula as the sole diet or supplement to own mother's milk (OMM) for preterm infants, especially for those with very low birthweight (VLBW). This historic cohort study investigated...

Background: Antibiotics are widely prescribed by obstetricians, which exposes a large number of infants to antenatal antibiotics (AAB). The effect of AAB on various aspects of neonatal development of preterm infants remains unclear. Methods: In this retrospective study, infants born with gestational age (GA) between 22 ⁺⁰ and 36 ⁺⁶ weeks at our uni...

Background Chorioamnionitis (CA) is a risk factor for preterm birth and is associated with neurodevelopmental delay and cognitive disorders. Prenatal inflammation-induced brain injury may resolve during the immediate postnatal period, which is a time of rapid metabolic and brain remodeling. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collected at birth may be a crit...

Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC) is closely associated with diarrhoea in children in resource-limited countries and of travellers’ diarrhoea. This study aims to investigate the change of ileal mucosal microbiome and ileal protein expression as well as their correlation in pigs by E. coli K88 (ETEC). Seven weaned male pigs were orally given 1...

Objective Exclusive breastfeeding is the best source of nutrition for most infants, but it is not always possible. Enteral nutrition influences intestinal gene regulation and the susceptibility for inflammatory bowel disorders, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). In modern neonatology it is observed that lactase activity increases during intes...

Mucositis is a serious adverse effect of chemotherapeutic treatment. During intestinal mucositis, the mucosal barrier is compromised, increasing the risk of severe infections. Mucositis necessitates dose reduction or pauses in treatment, which affect the outcome of the treatment. Deleted in malignant brain tumors 1 (DMBT1) is a secreted scavenger p...

Background: Treatment of antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) to women at risk of preterm labour can decrease neonatal mortality and morbidity. However, effect of ACS exposure on enteral feeding and body growth of preterm infants remains elusive. Methods: This retrospective study collected information of eligible singleton infants born between 22+0 a...

Background: In the first weeks after birth, enteral feeding and bacterial colonization interact to influence gut maturation in preterm infants. Bovine colostrum (BC) has been suggested as a relevant supplementary diet when own mother's milk (MM) is insufficient or absent. In a pilot trial whether the supplement type, BC or human donor milk (DM), a...

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a microbiome-dependent gut disease in preterm infants in early life. Antibiotic treatment is a common intervention for NEC. How NEC lesions, with or without antibiotics, affect plasma metabolome was explored in this study. Formula-fed preterm pigs were used as a model for human NEC and treated with saline, parente...

PurposeTo explore whether probiotic supplementation could attenuate serum trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) level and impact the intestinal microbiome composition.DesignForty healthy males (20–25 years old) were randomized into the probiotic group (1.32 × 1011 CFU live bacteria including strains of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG,...

Background: Gestational intake of dietary fibre improves the parturition progress, which largely affects developmental outcomes of the offspring. Dietary fibre can alter the gut microbiome and production of symbiotic metabolites, e.g. short chain fatty acids (SCFAs). We hypothesized that the improvement of parturition progress by dietary fibre is a...

Flaxseed oil (FO), enriched in n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), is an important oil source for intestinal development and health. We aimed to study the different effects of FO versus soybean oil (SO) on growth, intestinal health and immune function of neonates with intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) using a weaned piglet model. Forty pa...

Preterm birth interrupts intrauterine brain growth and maturation and may induce a delay in postnatal neurodevelopment. Such developmental delays can result from the reduced fetal age at birth, together with the clinical compli­cations of preterm birth (e.g., hypoxia, ischemia, and inflammation). We hypothesized that late preterm birth, inducing on...

Objective: Children with severe acute malnutrition (SAM) may have impaired intestinal function which can result in malabsorption, diarrhoea and poor growth. This study evaluated the gut function of children with SAM using fecal and blood biomarkers and assessed their correlates. Methods: A cross-sectional study, nested in a randomized trial (htt...

Sepsis, the clinical manifestation of serious infection, may disturb normal brain development, especially in preterm infants with an immature brain. We hypothesized that neonatal sepsis induces systemic metabolic alterations that rapidly affect metabolic signatures in immature brain and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Cesarean-delivered preterm pigs sys...

Background Gestational hypothyroidism (G-HypoT) is one of the most common thyroid diseases in pregnant women. Human milk, which closely links the mother with infant, is an important factor to the infant health. Here, we analyzed the colostrum whey proteome of women with or without G-HypoT. Methods and results Using high–mass accuracy and high-reso...

Overview of all identified protein. (XLSX)

Supplemental experimental procedures. (DOCX)

Neonatal sepsis remains a significant cause of morbidity and mortality especially in the preterm infant population. The ability to promptly and accurately diagnose neonatal sepsis based on clinical evaluation and laboratory blood tests remains challenging. Advances in high-throughput molecular technologies have increased investigations into the uti...

Objectives: Mother's own milk (MM) is the best nutrition for newborn preterm infants, but is often limited in supply just after birth. Pasteurized human donor milk (DM), and especially preterm infant formula (IF) are less optimal diets than MM. We hypothesized that it is feasible to use bovine colostrum (BC), the first milk from cows, as a supplem...

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC) is a serious gut inflammatory condition in premature neonates, onset and development of which depends on the gut microbiome. Attenuation of the gut microbiome by antibiotics can reduce NEC incidence and severity. However, how the antibiotics-suppressed gut microbiome affects the whole-body metabolism in NEC-sensitive...

Preterm infants are highly susceptible to late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but disease pathogenesis and specific diagnostic markers are lacking. Circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA) and immune cell-derived proteins are involved in multiple immune diseases in adults but have not been investigated in preterm neonates. We expl...

Background: Holder pasteurization (HP) destroys multiple bioactive factors in donor human milk (DM), and UV-C irradiation (UVC) is potentially a gentler method for pasteurizing DM for preterm infants. Objective: We investigated whether UVC-treated DM improves gut maturation and resistance toward bacterial infections relative to HP-treated DM. Metho...

Preterm neonates are highly sensitive to systemic infections in early life but little is known about systemic immune development following preterm birth. We hypothesized that preterm neonates have immature systemic immunity with distinct developmental trajectory for the first several weeks of life, relative to those born at near-term or term. Using...

Background: Exogenous glucagon-like peptide 2 (GLP-2) stimulates intestinal adaptation after resection in animal models of pediatric short bowel syndrome (SBS). It is unknown whether the molecular mechanisms of such GLP-2 effects are similar to those of postresection spontaneous adaptation. Using preterm pigs as a model, we hypothesized that GLP-2...

Chemotherapy- induced gastrointestinal (GI) toxicity is a common adverse effect of cancer treatment. We used preweaned piglets as models to test our hypothesis that the immunomodulatory and GI trophic effects of bovine colostrum would reduce the severity of GI complications associated with doxorubicin (DOX) treatment. Five-day-old pigs were adminis...

Objective: Chemotherapy-induced intestinal toxicity is a common adverse effect of cancer treatment. We hypothesized that a milk diet containing bovine colostrum (BC) would reduce intestinal toxicity in doxorubicin-treated piglets. Methods: Study 1 investigated intestinal parameters nine days after a single dose of doxorubicin (1 × 75 mg/m) in pi...

Immature immunity may predispose preterm neonates to infections and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). Intravenous antibiotics are frequently given to prevent and treat sepsis while oral antibiotics are seldom used. We hypothesized that oral antibiotics promote maturation of systemic immunity and delay gut bacterial colonization and thereby protect p...

Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) is one of the leading nutrition-related causes of death in children under five years of age. The clinical features of SAM are well documented, but a comprehensive understanding of the development from a normal physiological state to SAM is lacking. Characterising the temporal metabolomic change may help to understand...

AIM: To analyze how enteral food introduction affects intestinal gene regulation and chromatin structure in preterm pigs. MATERIALS & METHODS: Preterm pigs were fed parenteral nutrition plus/minus slowly increasing volumes of enteral nutrition. Intestinal gene-expression and chromatin structure were analyzed 5 days after birth. RESULTS: Enteral f...

Intensive chemotherapy frequently results in gut toxicity, indicated by oral and intestinal mucositis, resulting in poor treatment outcomes and increased mortality. There are no effective preventive strategies against gut toxicity and the role of diet is unknown. We hypothesized that the severity of chemotherapy-induced gut toxicity in early life i...

Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β2 is an important anti-inflammatory protein in milk and colostrum. TGF-β2 supplementation appears to reduce gut inflammatory diseases in early life, such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) in young mice. However, the molecular mechanisms by which TGF-β2 protects immature intestinal epithelial cells (IECs) remain to...

Necrotising enterocolitis (NEC), short bowel syndrome (SBS) and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) are three conditions associated with intestinal dysfunction in newborn infants, particularly those born preterm. Piglet (Sus scrofa) models have recently been developed for NEC, SBS and IUGR, and tissue proteomic analyses have identified unknown...

The serious feeding- and microbiota-associated intestinal disease, necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), occurs mainly in infants born prematurely (5-10% of all newborns) and most frequently after formula-feeding. We hypothesized that changes in gene methylation is involved in the prenatal maturation of the intestine and its response to the first days o...

The use of cavitational means to create transient membrane pores on living cells (i.e., sonoporation) may potentially induce a broad range of downstream bio-effects that disrupt the functioning of various organelles. Here we observed that on HL-60 leukemia cells, sonoporation may induce endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress on a time-lapse basis and, i...

Immaturity of the gut predisposes preterm infants to nutritional challenges potentially leading to clinical complications such as necrotizing enterocolitis. Feeding milk formulas is associated with greater risk than fresh colostrum or milk, probably due to loss of bioactive proteins (e.g., immunoglobulins, lactoferrin, insulin-like growth factor, t...

Objective: Preterm infants often show intolerance to the first enteral feeds, and the structural and functional basis of this intolerance remains unclear. We hypothesized that preterm and term neonates show similar gut trophic responses to feeding but different expression of intestinal functional proteins, thus helping to explain why preterm neona...

Background: Changes in the intestinal and colonic proteome in patients with necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) may help to characterize the disease pathology and identify new biomarkers and treatment targets for NEC. Methods: Using gel-based proteomics, proteins in NEC-affected intestinal and colonic sections were compared with those in adjacent, n...

Background The hepatoprotective potential of Phellinus linteus polysaccharide (PLP) extracts has been described. However, the molecular mechanism of PLP for the inhibition of liver fibrosis is unclear. This study aims to investigate the molecular protein signatures involved in the hepatoprotective mechanisms of PLP via a proteomics approach using a...

The appropriate use of antibiotics for preterm infants, which are highly susceptible to develop necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), is not clear. While antibiotic therapy is commonly used in neonates with NEC symptoms and sepsis, it remains unknown how antibiotics may affect the intestine and NEC sensitivity. We hypothesized that broad-spectrum antibi...

No description

Carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4)) is a common hepatotoxin used in experimental models to elicit liver injury. To identify the proteins involved in CCl(4)-induced hepatotoxicity, two-dimensional gel electrophoresis was employed followed by mass spectrometry - mass spectrometry (MS/MS) to study the differentially expressed proteins during CCl(4) exposure...

In newborns, colonizing bacteria and enteral nutrition are important for early gut development and immunity. However, in preterm newborns, bacterial colonization, coupled with enteral feeding, can lead to marked intestinal inflammation and disease such as necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC). We hypothesized that the initial bacterial colonization of th...

Intestinal adaptation from parenteral to enteral nutrition is crucial for survival and growth of newborns. Rapid feeding-induced gut maturation occurs immediately after birth in both preterm and term neonates, but it remains unclear whether the responses depend on factors related to birth transition (e.g. bacterial colonization, endocrine, and meta...

Lymphocyte homoeostasis is essential in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases. In search of natural fungal metabolites with effects on lymphocyte homoeostasis, we recently reported that polysaccharopeptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor exhibited ciclosporin-like activity in controlling aberrant lymphocyte activation. This object of this study was t...

Polysaccharopeptide (PSP) from Coriolus versicolor (Yunzhi) is used as a supplementary cancer treatment in Asia. The present study aims to investigate whether PSP pre-treatment can increase the response of the human leukemia HL-60 cells to apoptosis induction by Camptothecin (CPT). We used bivariate bromodeoxyuridine/propidium iodide (BrdUrd/PI) fl...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), a serious gastrointestinal inflammatory disease, frequently occurs in preterm neonates that fail to adapt to enteral nutrition. A temporal gel-based proteomics study was performed on porcine intestine with NEC lesions induced by enteral formula feeding. Functional assignment of the differentially expressed proteins...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in newborn premature infants. Clinical studies show increased incidence of NEC in premature infants with enteral formula feeding; however, pathogenesis remains unclear. To identify the NEC-related proteins for molecular mechanisms, we applied proteomics analysis to charac...

The activation of T helper (Th) cell subsets plays an important role in the human immune system. Uncontrolled Th1 and Th2 responses lead to autoimmune and inflammatory diseases, respectively. The identification of agents that modulate the Th1/Th2 cytokines is therefore essential for controlling these diseases. We recently reported that polysaccharo...

Necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC) is the most common gastrointestinal emergency in newborn premature infants. Clinical studies show increased incidence of NEC in premature infants with enteral formula feeding; however, pathogenesis remains unclear. To identify the NEC-related proteins for molecular mechanisms, we applied proteomics analysis to charac...

The aberrant activation of T lymphocyte proliferation is one of the key events in organ transplant recipients and autoimmune disorders. The present study adopted a gel-based proteomics approach to define the proteins representative of the T cell proliferation and to discover the molecules that play critical roles during the suppression of T cell pr...

Membranous nephropathy (MN), a common cause of idiopathic nephrotic syndrome in adults, remains a potentially devastating problem worldwide. At present, there is no reliable noninvasive method for predicting and/or monitoring this glomerular disease, and its pathophysiology remains poorly understood. In the present study, the urinary proteome profi...

Membranous nephropathy is one of the most common causes of primary glomerular diseases worldwide. The present study adopted a gel-based proteomics approach to better understand the pathophysiology and define biomarker candidates of human membranous nephropathy using an animal model of passive Heymann nephritis (PHN). Clinical characteristics of Spr...

HUPO