Petko Marinov

Medical University of Varna · Faculty of Pharmacy

The objective of the study was to develop an easy, cheap, effective, and safe, small-scale methodfor sample preparation suitable for the simultaneous high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC)-ultraviolet (UV) assay of capecitabine and its 5′-deoxy-5-fluorocytidine (5′-DFCR)metabolite in mouse blood plasma. The suitability of the proposed method...

Hypericum perforatum L. is a spontaneous perennial herbaceous plant, widely distributed in Europe, Asia, Northern Africa, and North America. The dried flowers or dried aerial parts are used to prepare the drug Hyperici Herba or St. John's Wort. Nowadays this drug is largely used as a natural antidepressant; hypericin and hypericin-like substances a...

We present a clinical case of a 53-year-old man who, with suicidal intent, provoked a bite from a terrarium- reared tropical snake, Black mamba Dendroaspis polylepis. Black mamba venom contains 'dendrotoxins' and 'α-neurotoxins'/'curaremimetics'. Clinically, the poisoning begins immediately with a moderately expressed local pain syndrome, 1 hour la...

INTRODUCTION: Initially, the clinical application of lipid emulsions (LEs) was parenteral nutrition. Since 2006, LEs have been widely used as an antidote for various intoxications with lipophilic drugs. Despite the widespread use of LEs, there is insufficient information regarding their pharmacokinetics and mechanism of antidote action. That is why...

Purpose: Wild edible mushrooms are collected and consumed for centuries worldwide and in Bulgaria as well. This questionnaire investigation aimed at assessing some common mushroom usage practices in a random sample from the population in Varna region, Bulgaria. Material/Methods: We performed a study of 200 adult individuals, 100 males and 100 femal...

Introduction: Lipid emulsions are increasingly used as an antidote to lipophilic drug intoxications. The dose recommended by the American Society of Regional Anesthesia is used primarily for the treatment of local anesthetic systemic toxicity. There is insufficient information about what the dose of lipid emulsions (LE) should be in other intoxicat...

Abstract Purpose: The incidence of acute drug intoxications with antidepressants, neuroleptics and cardiovascular drugs is constantly increasing worldwide. In recent years, intravenous lipid emulsions (LEs) have been successfully used as part of complex therapy. Aim: The aim of the study was to compare the incidence of complications and mortality i...

Purpose: The interest in evaluation of real knowledge of wild edible mushrooms at individual and population level increases mainly in developing countries. The purpose of our inquiry study was to assess the level of knowledge and awareness of the wild mushrooms in a random sample from the population of Varna region in Bulgaria. Material/Methods: We...

Introduction: Verapamil is a drug that is used often due to its wide spectrum of action. Many authors consider it to be the most dangerous of the calcium channel blockers due to its negative chronotropic and inotropic effect on the heart, leading to severe cardiodepression. Overdose is difficult to treat and is associated with high mortality despit...

Purpose: To research the frequency of acute alcohol intoxications among young people of age 10-18 in Varna region within the time frame 2015-2017 and to examine the correspondent parent behavior. Material/Methods: A total of 159 adolescents were examined. All of them were registered patients of the Clinic for Intensive Treatment of Acute Intoxicati...

Background The risk of toxicity for the healthy individuals who are chronically exposed to cytostatic drugs was established in 1970s. Since then, many institutions have recommended monitoring of the occupational exposure to antineoplastic agents. Nevertheless, there is still a lack of analytical procedures for the whole group representatives. The p...

Purpose: To adapt and validate an HPLC method for verapamil determination in blood and urine samples. Materials/Methods: Identification of verapamil and its metabolites was made by means of gas-chromatography, using Agilent 7890B/5977A GC-MS system featuring a DB-1701 column. Quantification was done by means of liquid chromatography on Agilent 1260...

INTRODUCTION: Capecitabine (CAP) is an oral antineoplastic pro-drug, whose initial step of activation is carboxylesterase (CES) dependent. The main conversion of CAP to 5-DFCR occurs in the liver by CES1 and a minor part-in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) by CES2. Usually, the enteral pro-drug activation is associated with the appearance of fluoro...

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION: Acute drug intoxications are a serious problem worldwide. The damage to the cardiovascular system is severe and sometimes refractory to standard resuscitation therapy. In recent years, interest has increased in the role of lipid emulsions (LEs) as a potential antidote in patients with severe myocardial damage caused by toxic...

Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) is a drug known for its hallucinogenic properties especially at high doses and in recent years has been used as a pharmacological model to study the neurological substrate of psycho-sis, the effect of antipsychotics, and, in recent decades, the possibility of using it as a remedy for some diseases is being studied....

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of intravenous lipid emulsions (LEs) is a new method of treating lipophilic drug intoxications. Useful mechanisms of action of LE include intravascular sequestration of the toxicant and subsequent enhanced redistribution to biologically inert tissues, increased use of fatty acids for ATP synthesis as well as direct po...

Acute intoxications with organophosphorus pesticides (OPs) are a challenge for the clinical toxicology, because they are common, severe and with high lethality. Most OPs are lipophilic. In recent years, intravenous lipid emulsion (ILE) has been successfully used to treat acute poisoning with lipophilic xenobiotics. A clinical case of a 64-year-old...

The use of intravenous lipid emulsions (ILEs) is a relatively new method of treatment in toxicology. Initially, it was applied to control the resistant to other therapeutic methods systemic toxicity of local anesthetics. In the last decade this therapeutic method has been approved and recommended. Thereafter, attempts have been made to clarify the...

Purpose: To perform a retrospective analysis of mushroom poisonings in Varna region for 25 years (1991-2015). Mushroom poisonings account for 10.7% of hospitalizations associated with acute exogenous intoxication. Poisoning with Amanita phalloides, Amanita pantherina, Amanita muscaria and various fungi that cause only gastrointestinal symptoms are...

ABSTRACT Introduction: The use of intravenous lipid emulsions (LEs) is a new method of treating lipophilic drug intoxications. Useful mechanisms of action of LE include intravascular sequestration of the toxicant and subsequent enhanced redistribution to biologically inert tissues, increased use of fatty acids for ATP synthesis as well as direct po...

Purpose: To develop and implement a UHPLC method for quantitative determination of sertraline in biological samples – mostly human blood and urine. Material&Methods: Blood and urine samples available from Laboratory of analytical toxicology and Clinic for intensive treatment of acute intoxications and toxicoallergies were used during method validat...

Purpose: To develop a reliable method for qualitative determination of amphetamines in biological samples, that combines simplicity, sensitiveness and robustness. Optimization of the method should be carried out in order to meet the needs of forensic expertise as daily routine. Material/Methods: Analytical identification was done by menas of gas ch...

Purpose: Several criteria have been suggested to estimate the intoxication severity, yet so far no system of clinical criteria has been developed to determine the duration of hospitalisation. The forecast is linked to the influence of the extended corrected QT interval and GCS (Glasgow Coma Scale) on the frequency of the developing acute pulmonary...

Purpose: The wide-spread use of organophosphorus pesticides (OPP) and their substantial toxicity determine the high frequency of poisoning with them. Despite the modern treatment methods, the acute exogenous intoxications (AEI) continue to exhibit high lethality and are the source of one of the most serious problems in the clinical toxicology. A nu...

Purpose: The review is provoked because of lack of awareness of the medical practitioners in Bulgaria concerning of the ethnology, pathogenesis, clinical symptoms and treatment of the ciguatera fish poisoning (CFP). This can be a source of prolonged diagnostic delays, as some cases reporting in another country in Europe, for example Germany, Spain...

Purpose: Poisoning with drugs is a serious medical and social problem worldwide. Retrospective analysis of acute poisoning with narcotic drugs had been performed in Varna region for 25 years (1991-2015). Material and Methods: The number of patients received hospital treatment after poisonings with narcotic substances was 677, which represented 3.9%...

The acute envenomations after a sting by the fish great weever/Trachinus draco/continue to represent a medical problem in the regions along the Black sea coast. The venom of the great weever is a complex mixture of biogenic amines with a main component -the protein dracotoxin. The sting causes a well expressed local syndrom in all cases. Often it i...

During the last 25 years we have gained clinical experience that showed an expanding of the possibilities of hyperbaric oxygenation for treatment of acute toxic syndromes of different intoxications as well as some of their late complications. Aim: Retrospective analysis of the effect of hyperbaric oxygenation method, used in the Department of Treat...

Purpose: Poisoning with drugs occupies a leading position among the causes of acute intoxications. Etiological distribution of medicated poisoning in different countries, even if they are adjacent, is different. In the most studies, it was reported that the highest incidence of poisoning is with benzodiazepines or other psychoactive drugs. A retros...

Purpose: Methanol (CH3OH) is a monohydric alcohol, vastly used both in housekeeping and industry. Although the acute methanol intoxications are rare, they may include life-threatening symptoms, substantial lethality and negative consequences such as neurological disorders and vision damage. Aim of the work is to conduct a retrospective study on the...

Ethyl alcohol - spirit for technical designation, denaturated is used mostly as dissolving agent in chemical industry and in the everyday life as a spirit for burning. It consists of 95 % ethyl alcohol to which different substances are added and coloring agents to become not fit to drink. For the chemical industry the most often used substances are...

Hypertensionor high blood pressure is one of the most common diseases worldwide affecting people and is a major risk factor for stroke, myocardial infarction, vascular disease, and chronic kidney disease. Health care professionals must not only identify and treat patients with hypertension but also should have a good understanding of the side effec...

PURPOSE: This retrospective study was conducted to follow out acute intoxications with neuroleptics in Varna region, to assess the frequency and proportion depending on other drug and non-pharmacological poisonings. METHODS: The objects of the study are 193 patients with acute neuroleptic intoxications treated in the Clinic of toxicology of the Mil...

The acute pesticide intoxications have a small relative part but quite often cause severe poisonings and death. A retrospective analysis of the epidemiology of acute pesticide intoxications (API) in Varna region during the period 1991-2005 has been done. It was established that 384 patients with pesticide poisoning have been admitted for treatment...

An analysis of the lethality in cases of acute exogenous intoxications /AEI/ with organophosphate pesticides /OP/ in Varna region for a period of 15 years -1991-2005 was done. It was established that from 207 patients with acute OP poisonings there were 40 lethal cases. The frequency of the lethal cases was 19.32%. 28 / 70%/ of them were men and 12...

The examination of sweat excretion for the presence of drugs is a promising clinical method. A monitoring of phenobarbital in the blood, urine and sweat in a 22-year old patient in a toxic coma was carried out. Blood and urine samples were taken on the 13th, 26th, 40th, 46th and 58th hour and on the 8th day after the intoxication. Sweat samples wer...

The clinical applications of plasmapheresis are rapidly increasing in number and scope. This trend is also observed in the application of plasmapheresis as a method of detoxification in clinical toxicology. Because of a lack of large controlled series, the rationale for using plasmapheresis must be confirmed in each type of intoxication by evidence...

The high toxicity of methyl alcohol is usually related to the created formaldehyde and formic acid in organisms. Some researchers, however, assign the high toxicity to other factors such as the long-time circulation of methyl alcohol in blood in an unaffected fashion. For that reason, in cases of non clinically manifested intoxications, the results...

: The aim is to investigation of toxic substances in sweat secret, blood and urine of patients with toxic coma. Study includes 4 patients in toxic coma, caused by: amitriptyline, diazepam, carbamazepine, amitriptyline and clomipramine. The concentration of the drugs substances is determined in sweat samples, collected after stimulation of ecrine sw...

: Patients with severe acute intoxications induced by drugs, narcotics, alcohol and organophosphates (according to our observations) develop specific skin syndrome. It reveals early after ingestion and includes erythema spots, bullae, soft tissue infiltrations, decubitus ulcers and necrosis.The aim of our study is to assess the effect of applying d...

The bite by the centipede scolopendra results in a significant local syndrome with pain and swelling of the bitten limb and also in minor to moderate expressed general toxoallergic symptoms. In some cases differential diagnostic problems are possible. The authors describe 39 patients with scolopendra envenomation. All of them were bitten in Varna r...

The pathogenesis of the skin lesions in acute intoxications is still not clear and the strict mechanism is not defined. Our 10 year investigation reveals considerable relationship between skin lesions appearance and frequency of coma status (RR = 25.59±2.53) and other clinical and laboratory factors connected with the coma. We discussed some mechan...

The aim of investigation of the relationship between the exotoxic coma and the serum levels of the toxic substances in patients with acute intoxications. We defined cerebral toxic agents were in 44 of the comatose patients. The established concentrations of the toxic substances at the admittance in the blood serum of comatose patients have been cla...

: Ethylene glycol can cause severe acute poisonings. In three patients the blood and urine concentration of ethylene glycol and its antidote ethyl alcohol is determined thanks to gas chromatographic methods. The monitoring of concentrations of ethylene glycol in blood and urine determinates the therapeutic methods. INTRODUCTION: Ethylene Glycol is...

: The acute intoxications with medicines / AIM / take the leading place among the other acute intoxications. A retrospective analysis of acute intoxications with medicines in Varna region for a 15-years period / 1991-2005 / has been done. It was established that they were the cause of hospitalization of 5018 patients / 39.94%/of the total number 12...