Peter Mundy

Hawkin Dynamics

This study represents a pioneering effort in establishing normative benchmarking for countermovement jump (CMJ) metrics on Hawkin Dynamics dual wireless force plate within a substantial cohort (n = 96) of NCAA Division-I (DI) Power Five Men’s College Basketball (MCBB) players. This cohort comprised four centers (age = 20.01 ± 1.31 years, height on...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of dumbbell accentuated eccentric loading on force-time characteristics during countermovement jumps (CMVJAEL) in youth soccer players. Eight male participants performed CMJ with and without dumbbell AEL at 20% of body mass. Results showed significantly greater jump height, unweighting peak veloc...

Talent selection and development in academy soccer is highly dependent on coach intuition. Given such reliance upon subjective inputs, a greater understanding towards the utility of coach intuition may prove invaluable. The present study investigated coach agreement, the associations between subjective and objective outcomes and prominent traits hi...

Force plate testing is becoming more commonplace in sport due to the advent of commercially available, portable, and affordable force plate systems (i.e., hardware and software). Following the validation of the Hawkin Dynamics Inc. (HD) proprietary software in recent literature, the aim of this study was to determine the concurrent validity of the...

The aim of this systematic review was to critically appraise the effects of eccentric resistance training on measures of physical performance (i.e. muscular strength, jump, sprint and change of direction) in youth athletes 18 years of age and under

Various methods of eccentric training that aim to increase muscle mass or reduce ground contact time during a landing task have been extensively researched and practically examined. However, multiple methods to implement eccentric training currently exist; they differ in execution and intended training adaptions. There is a clear differentiation be...

The present study engaged in an ethnographical observation of the processes used to determine player (de)selections within a professional academy. English category-2 youth academy players (n = 96) from U10-U16 age groups undertook anthropometric profiling (height, mass and somatic maturation) and fitness assessments (10m, 20m & 30m linear sprints,...

The purpose of this study was to establish the intrasession reliability of various outcome, propulsion and braking phase countermovement jump (CMJ) variables and to compare the mean differences in youth athletes at different stages of maturity. Thirty male participants, aged 10-16 years, were grouped as either pre-, circa-or post-peak height veloci...

The countermovement jump (CMJ) is one of the most used performance assessments in strength and conditioning. While numerous studies discuss the usability of different metrics in this test, this is often done within the context of a specific aim. However, to our knowledge, no information currently exists providing practitioners with some over-archin...

Eccentric training as a method to enhance athletic performance is a topic of increasing interest to both practitioners and researchers. However, data regarding the effects of performing the eccentric actions of an exercise at increased velocities are limited. This narrative review aimed to provide greater clarity for eccentric methods and classific...

This poster was presented on 20th July 2022 at the ISBS Annual Conference 2022, in Liverpool, UK.

This poster was presented on 7th July 2022 at the NSCA National Conference 2022, in New Orleans, Louisiana.

Post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) can be used in jump performance. This review recommends that PAPE be subcategorised into two groups: training PAPE and performance PAPE. Training PAPE methods can be incorporated for training purposes where more select equipment, time, and space is available. Performance PAPE can be utilised to enhance...

PurposeUnderstanding the desired attributes for talented soccer players may give insight into the process of (de)selection and player development. This study aimed to explore soccer academy personnel’s perceptions of attributes associated with talent and development.Methods Thirty English and Scottish academy personnel (managers, coaches, recruitme...

Background The aim of the study was to examine the kinematics and kinetics of sprint running and countermovement jump performance between the ages of 8–9, and 11–12 years old boys in order to understand the developmental plateau in performance. Methods 18 physically active boys (Age: 10.1 ± 1.6), in an under 9 years old (U9) and an under 12 years...

Purpose: To investigate the influence of recruitment age on retention and release across the development pathway and to explore the influence of anthropometric and physical characteristics on retention and release at different ages throughout the development pathway and the likelihood of obtaining a professional contract. Methods: Following rece...

In part 1 of this two-part review, we addressed the recent criticisms of the use of terms such as power, rate of force development, and explosiveness, over impulse. These terms were distinguished mechanically and conceptually for the benefit of the scientist and coach. In part 2, we use the key mechanical parameters underpinning power development a...

This review will revisit practitioner understanding of the development of power, before outlining some of the key mechanical parameters that contribute to power development. This understanding will help with planning and periodization of strength and power training, which is explored in part 2 of this 2-part review. This review (part 1) discusses t...

The aim of this study was to assess the reliability and validity of the bar-mounted PUSH BandTM 2.0 to determine peak and mean velocity during the bench press exercise with a moderate (60% one repetition maximum [1RM]) and heavy (90% 1RM) load. We did this by simultaneously recording peak and mean velocity using the PUSH BandTM 2.0 and three-dimens...

Strength and conditioning has grown significantly in the United Kingdom over the last 15 years, which is evidenced by an increased number of accredited S&C coaches (ASCC), as well as universities offering S&C degrees. More specifically, ASCC numbers have risen from ~400 in 2011 to ~850 at the end of 2018. Additionally, the UKSCA has recently launch...

Abstract Lawson, C, Mundy, P, Lyons, M, and Duncan, MJ. Optimal loading for force production in the straight bar deadlift: Force-time characteristics in strength-trained adults. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000–000, 2018—This study sought to identify whether there is an optimum load in relation to peak force development and rate of force development...

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The Push Band has the potential to provide a cheap and practical method of measuring velocity and power during countermovement vertical jumping (CMJ). However, very little is known about whether it conforms to laboratory-based gold standards. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between peak and mean velocity and power obtained from th...

The aim of this article is to provide coaches and developing coaches with a resource for understanding the key biomechanical principles involved in effective plyometric exercise. At present, technical models have been published for different plyometric exercises in various resources, but this can create confusion and the impression that each exerci...

This study examined concurrent validity of countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) reactive strength index modified and force-time characteristics recorded using a one dimensional portable and laboratory force plate system. Twenty-eight men performed bilateral CMJs on two portable force plates placed on top of two in-ground force plates, both recording...

The aim of this study was to assess agreement between peak and mean force methods of quantifying force asymmetry during the countermovement jump (CMJ). Forty-five men performed four CMJ with each foot on one of two force plates recording at 1,000 Hz. Peak and mean were obtained from both sides during the braking and propulsion phases. The dominant...

The aim of this study was to quantify the effect that barbell load has on the jump height and force-time characteristics of the countermovement jump (CMJ). Fifteen strengthtrained men (mean ± SD: age 23 ± 2 years, mass 84.9 ± 8.1 kg, height 1.80 ± 0.05 m) performed three CMJ with no additional load, and with barbell loads of 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%...

Increased popularity in the utilization of force plates to measure countermovement jumps (CMJS) for performance monitoring warrants the need for strength and conditioning coaches and sport scientists to better understand its force-time characteristics and the calculation of its associated variables. This article aims to provide information on how t...

The effects of external loading on jumping mechanics have been extensively investigated; however, review of the body of knowledge revealed a number of methodological issues, as well as a common omission of key mechanical theory, with limited studies investigating the effects of changing the position of the external load. Therefore, the primary aim...

RESULTS The review process and its results, and the results of the method comparison are shown in Figure 2. From 1236 studies, only 129 explained how they identified key transitions; 35 identified the start (13 methods), 54 identified different phases (5 methods), 92 identified takeoff (14 methods). Criterion methods were chosen based on their abil...

METHODS Twenty-one men (age: 20 ± 0.8 years, body mass: 82.5 ± 7.2 kg, height: 1.80 ± 0.56 m) performed four CMJs on two portable force plates (PASPORT force plate, PS-2141, PASCO Scientific, California, USA) placed on top of in-ground force plates (Kistler Type 9281, Kistler Instruments, Hampshire, UK). Both force plate systems recorded vertical g...

Oral carbohydrate (CHO) rinsing has been demonstrated to provide beneficial effects on exercise performance of durations of up to one hour. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of CHO mouth rinsing on morning high-intensity exercise performance. Following institutional ethical approval and familiarisation, 12 healthy males (m...

The aim of this study was to examine the effects of barbell load on countermovement vertical jump (CMJ) power and net impulse within a theoretically valid framework, cognisant of the underpinning force, temporal, and spatial components. A total of 24 resistance-trained rugby union athletes (average ± SD: age: 23.1 ± 3.4 years; height: 1.83 ± 0.05 m...

The present study investigated the effect of ingesting caffeine-dose-matched anhydrous caffeine or coffee on the performance of repeated sprints. Twelve recreationally active males (mean ± SD age: 22 ± 2 years, height: 1.78 ± 0.07 m, body mass: 81 ± 16 kg) completed eighteen 4 s sprints with 116 s recovery on a cycle ergometer on four separate occa...

PRACTICAL APPLICATIONS The portable force plates provide a reliable and economical method of obtaining accurate measures of jump height. It is therefore suggested that practitioners interested in measuring and monitoring jump height calculated from center of mass takeoff velocity, but do not have access to laboratory standard force plates, can use...

There are two perceived criterion methods for measuring power output during the loaded countermovement jump (CMJ): the force platform method and the combined method (force platform + optoelectronic motion capture system). Therefore, the primary aim of the present study was to assess agreement between the force platform method and the combined metho...

This investigation assessed whether a Technique Refinement Intervention designed to produce pronounced vertical hip displacement during the kicking stride could improve maximal instep kick performance. Nine skilled players (age 23.7 ± 3.8 years, height 1.82 ± 0.06 m, body mass 78.5 ± 6.1 kg, experience 14.7 ± 3.8 years; mean ± SD) performed 10 kick...

Objectives: The aim of this investigation was to compare peak power between the mid-thigh power clean, squat jump and push press. Design and Methods: Eleven recreationally trained men (age 22.2 ± 3.5 yrs; height 178.6 ± 8.5 cm; body mass 88.7 ± 13.5 kg) performed one set of three repetitions of the mid-thigh power clean, squat jump and push press,...

This study compared the physiological, perceptual and mechanical responses to kettlebell swings at different loads and swing speeds. Following familiarization 16 strength trained participants (10 males, six females, mean age ± SD = 23 ± 2.9) performed four trials: 2 min kettlebell swings with an 8 kg kettlebell at a fast cadence; 2 min kettlebell s...

The aim of this study was to quantify the load that maximized peak and mean power, as well as impulse applied to these loads, during the push press and to compare them to equivalent jump squat data. Resistance-trained men performed two push press (n = 17; age: 25.4 ± 7.4 years; height: 183.4 ± 5 cm; body mass: 87 ± 15.6 kg) and jump squat (n = 8 of...