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Influence d’activités d’appréciation d’oeuvres d’art visuel Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS) sur l’attention sélective et soutenue d’élèves du 2e cycle du primaire
Abstract and Figures
Notre étude porte sur l’influence potentiellement exercée par des activités régulières d’appréciation d’oeuvres d’art sur le développement des seuils d’attention de 125 élèves du primaire. L’attention des enfants a été mesurée sur toute une année scolaire, avec groupe témoin, suite à des activités qui suivaient un protocole d’appréciation d’oeuvres déjà validé par des chercheurs, lequel est appelé Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS). Nos résultats suggèrent une progression significative de l’attention des élèves soumis régulièrement au protocole VTS. Au contraire, chez le groupe témoin, nous avons constaté une légère diminution dans les habiletés attentionnelles.
Our study examines the potential influence of regular art appreciation activities on the development of attention thresholds of 125 elementary school students. The children’s attention was measured over an entire school year, with a control group, following activities that complied to a researcher-validated art appreciation protocol called Visual Thinking Strategies (VTS). Our results suggest a significant increase in the attention of students who were regularly subjected to the VTS protocol. In contrast, in the control group, we found a slight decrease in attentional skills.
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People are more and more using social networking sites (SNSs) like Facebook and MySpace to engage with others. The use of SNSs can have both positive and negative effect on the individual; however, the increasing use of SNSs might reveal that people look for SNSs because they have a positive experience when they use them. Few studies have tried to identify which particular aspects of the social networking experience make SNSs so successful. In this study we focus on the affective experience evoked by SNSs. In particular, we explore whether the use of SNSs elicits a specific psychophysiological pattern. Specifically, we recorded skin conductance, blood volume pulse, electroencephalogram, electromyography, respiratory activity, and pupil dilation in 30 healthy subjects during a 3-minute exposure to (a) a slide show of natural panoramas (relaxation condition), (b) the subject's personal Facebook account, and (c) a Stroop and mathematical task (stress condition). Statistical analysis of the psychophysiological data and pupil dilation indicates that the Facebook experience was significantly different from stress and relaxation on many linear and spectral indices of somatic activity. Moreover, the biological signals revealed that Facebook use can evoke a psychophysiological state characterized by high positive valence and high arousal (Core Flow State). These findings support the hypothesis that the successful spread of SNSs might be associated with a specific positive affective state experienced by users when they use their SNSs account.
Data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care ( N = 1273) were analyzed to assess the longitudinal relations among executive function (EF) components in early childhood (54 months) and adolescence (15 years) and their prediction of academic achievement. We found that after controlling for early achievement, demographic, and home environment variables, only working memory at 54 months significantly predicted working memory at 15 years and that working memory was the only significant EF predictor of achievement at age 15. In contrast, all early achievement measures were significant predictors of later achievement. Furthermore, no demographic or home environment variables at 54 months significantly predicted EF at 15, and only maternal education significantly explained variance in adolescent math and literacy achievement. These findings demonstrate the predictability of working memory and highlight its importance for academic outcomes across development. However, the lack of associations of preschool inhibition and attention measures, after controlling for early achievement, demographic, and home environment variables, to corresponding measures in adolescence suggests the need for more developmentally sensitive measures of EF. Given that the EF measures used in this study are commonly used in educational and psychological research, more care should go into understanding the psychometric properties across development.
Importance
Specifying the association between childhood behaviors and adult earnings can inform the development of screening tools and preventive interventions to enhance social integration and economic participation.
Objective
To test the association between behaviors at age 6 years and employment earnings at age 33 to 35 years.
Design, Setting, and Participants
This study obtained data from the Quebec Longitudinal Study of Kindergarten Children, a population-based sample of boys and girls (n = 3020) born in 1980 or 1981 in Quebec, Canada, and followed up from January 1, 1985, to December 31, 2015. The data included behavioral ratings by kindergarten teachers when the children were aged 5 or 6 years and 2013 to 2015 government tax returns of those same participants at age 33 to 35 years. Data were analyzed from September 2017 to December 2018.
Main Outcomes and Measures
Mixed-effects linear regression models were used to test the associations between teacher-rated inattention, hyperactivity, aggression, opposition, anxiety, and prosociality at age 6 years and reported annual earnings on income tax returns at age 33 to 35 years. Participant IQ and family adversity were adjusted for in the analysis.
Results
The study included 2850 participants, with a mean (SD) age of 35.9 (0.29) years, of whom 1470 (51.6%) were male and 2740 (96.2%) were white. The mean (SD) personal earnings at follow-up were US $33 300 ($27 500) for men and $19 400 ($15 200) for women. A 1-unit increase in inattention score at age 6 years (males mean [SD], 2.47 [2.42] vs females mean [SD], 1.67 [2.07]) was associated with a decrease in annual earnings of $1271.49 (95% CI, −1908.67 to −634.30) for male participants and $924.25 (95% CI, −1424.44 to −425.46) for female participants. A combined aggression-opposition score (males mean [SD] 2.22 [2.52] vs females mean [SD], 1.05 [1.73]) was associated with a reduction in earnings of $699.83 (95% CI, −1262.49 to −137.17) for males only, albeit with an effect size roughly half that of inattention. A 1-unit increase in prosociality score (males mean [SD], 6.12 [4.30] vs females mean [SD], 7.90 [4.56]) was associated with an increase in earnings of $476.75 (95% CI, 181.53-771.96) for male participants only. A 1-SD reduction in inattention score at age 6 years would theoretically restore $3077 in annual earnings for male participants and $1915 for female participants.
Conclusions and Relevance
In this large population-based sample of kindergarten children, behavioral ratings at 5-6 years were associated with employment earnings 3 decades later, independent of a person’s IQ and family background. Inattention and aggression-opposition were associated with lower annual employment earnings, and prosociality with higher earnings but only among male participants; inattention was the only behavioral predictor of income among girls. Early monitoring and support for children demonstrating high inattention and for boys exhibiting high aggression-opposition and low prosocial behaviors could have long-term advantages for those individuals and society.
La littératie visuelle est un concept nouveau, qui vient enrichir celui, mieux connu, de littératie médiatique multimodale. À l’heure où Internet submerge divers publics d’images de toutes sortes, il convient de se demander comment l’école peut contribuer au développement d’une littératie visuelle qui rende l’usager à la fois actif et critique. L’article se penche sur la nature des images et leur lecture afin de mieux définir cette nouvelle littératie visuelle, qui doit beaucoup, entre autres, au courant des multilittératies. Il traite également de la pertinence de la littératie visuelle à l’école et analyse quelques exemples de projets inspirants dans le domaine.