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DIVERT for realistic simulation of heterogeneous vehicular networks
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Simulation of vehicular networks has been extensively studied in the last few years. In order to have an holistic view of the network functioning, communications and vehicle mobility aspects should be modeled in detail and fully integrated. This article presents a tool for simulating heterogeneous vehicular networks. The existing microscopic traffic simulator, DIVERT, has been extended by adding NS-3 support resulting in a very tightly integrated simulator. The feasibility of the approach has been tested by means of an application example: in-vehicle traffic lights. The provided results demonstrate the superior performance and the scalability of this novel simulator.
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... The instantaneous information of vehicle movements used in microscopic traffic models are usually collected from microscopic traffic models or collected from real-world vehicles (e.g., GPS Trajectories). During the past years, several microscopic traffic models, such as VISSIM, DIVERT [11] and SUMO [12], have been employed to evaluate the effects of various traffic policies on CO 2 emissions from vehicles [13], [14]. In [14], based on microscopic emission model PHEM and microscopic traffic model VISSIM, the researchers quantified amount of emissions reduced by traffic-light-tovehicle communication. ...
... To make the above problem simpler in form, we transform the decision variables v 1 , v 2 , ...v k to T 1 , T 2 , ...T k , as shown in (6). The equivalent problem is shown in (7)- (11). ...
... The driving is simulated in a VANET environment allowing the driver to interact with devices and applications that are communicating with the cars in his virtual vicinity. Our simulator builds on top of the open source microscopic traffic simulator DIVERT [137]. ...
... Any action performed by the driver in the driving simulator affects all his neighbours in DIVERT, as explained in Section 6.2.2. This coupling interface was developed in collaboration with the authors of the DIVERT [137]. ...
... Fernandes et al. [17] presented a tool for simulating heterogeneous VNs. In particular, they extended DIVERT, an existing microscopic traffic simulator, by adding ns-3 support resulting in a very tightly integrated simulator. ...
... Singh et al. proposed the VENTOS simulation framework, as an integration between SUMO and OMNeT++, in [37] to implement a leader election protocol for platoons. The integration of a microscopic traffic simulator, DIVERT, and the NS-3 network simulator is proposed in [38] [42]. In [43] a traffic management solution is evaluated using the Jason MAS framework and SUMO. ...
Recent advancements in Intelligent Transportation Systems have endowed ve- hicles with autonomous driving capabilities as well as V2X communication. Vehicular networks allow vehicles to augment their perception range beyond Line of Sight conditions, enabling novel strategies for effective conflict reso- lution in challenging scenarios (e.g. platooning) making use of (Multi-Agent System [MAS]) coordination mechanisms (e.g. voting). Simulation-based eval- uation of coordination mechanisms should consider real-world constraints, such as kinematics and communication constraints (e.g. packet loss). To this effect, this paper presents a simulation framework that unifies vehicular, communi- cations and MAS simulators in order to test more effectively and realistically these mechanisms. The framework is benchmarked using a lane-merging and platoon voting scenario. Results show the scalability of the framework and the capability to model coordination mechanisms in next to real-world conditions.
... Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering Traffic congestion Waze [55] Live traffic conditions Waze [55] Platooning Plexe [56] Point-of-interest notifications GENIVI [54] OsmAnd [57] Vacant parking information Waze [55] Parkncloud [58] Nearby driver collaboration (Verse) Verse Waze [55] Fog This concept is specific to promoters and service providers as 363 a strategy for drawing customers to their stores. The goal is 364 to advertise gas stations or highway restaurants, for example, 365 or to enable businesses to advertise their services to drivers 366 within communication range. ...
Recent developments in communication technologies, hardware and software are facilitating the implementation of different types of intelligent networks in various environments. One such network is the Internet-connected vehicles network. Internet of Vehicles (IoV) has recently become an active area of standardization, development and research, because it has shown to improve vehicle usage, traffic efficiency, road safety, as well as drivers’ and passengers’ comfort. As vehicles are becoming more connected and smarter, they are also becoming more reliant on software built with open source software (OSS). The deployment of OSS in the IoV field is, however, erratic and does not follow a clear approach. This study overviews the different applications in IoV as well as the existing and available open source software, in order to represent the current state of how this software paradigm is being used in IoV. This study also outlines challenges that remain to be addressed if we are to facilitate the widespread deployment and prevalent implementation of open source in IoV. Finally, this study explores some potential opportunities within IoV open source software for developing different IoV applications.
... Experimental techniques are expensive (both in terms of time and resources) and analytical methods are unable to fully grasp the characteristics associated with communications in wireless networks. A number of simulation tools (i.e., NS-2 [2], NS-3 [3], OMNeT++ [4] [5], OPNET [6], QualNet [7], DRMSim [8], Artery [9], JiST/SWANS [10] [11], DIVERT [12], NC-TUns [13], iTETRIS [14] etc.) are being employed by computer network researchers to verify the working of designed protocols for both infrastructure-based and Ad hoc networks. However, the selection of an appropriate network simulator involves certain considerations, such as: ease in configuration, learning curve of the respective programming language, type of communication system, provisioning of GUI envi-ronment, and support for scalability. ...
Large-scale network simulations are resource and time intensive tasks due to a number of factors i.e., setup configuration, computation time, hardware, and energy cost. These factors ultimately force network researchers to scale-down the scope of experiments, either in terms of simulation entities involved or in abridging expected micro-level details. The Cloud technology facilitates researchers to address mentioned factors by the provisioning of pre-configured instances on shared infrastructure. In this paper, an academic Cloud architecture SIM-Cumulus targeting the research institutions is proposed. SIMCumulus provides the framework of Virtual Machine (VM) instances specifically configured for large-scale network simulations, with the aim of efficiency in terms of simulation execution time and energy cost. The performance of SIM-Cumulus is evaluated using large-scaleWireless Network simulations. Simulation results show that SIM-Cumulus is beneficial in three aspects i.e., (i) promotion of research within the domain of computer networks (ii) consumption of considerably fewer resources in terms of simulation elapsed time and usage cost and (iii) reduction of carbon emission leading towards sustainable IT development.
As modern vehicles are capable to connect to an external infrastructure and Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) communication technologies mature, the necessity to secure communications becomes apparent. There is a very real risk that today's vehicles are subjected to cyber-attacks that target vehicular communications. This paper proposes a three-layer framework (sensing, communication and control) through which automotive security threats can be better understood. The sensing layer is made up of vehicle dynamics and environmental sensors, which are vulnerable to eavesdropping, jamming, and spoofing attacks. The communication layer is comprised of both in-vehicle and V2X communications and is susceptible to eavesdropping, spoofing, man-in-the-middle, and sybil attacks. At the top of the hierarchy is the control layer, which enables autonomous vehicular functionality, including the automation of a vehicle's speed, braking, and steering. Attacks targeting the sensing and communication layers can propagate upward and affect the functionality and can compromise the security of the control layer. This paper provides the state-of-the-art review on attacks and threats relevant to the communication layer and presents countermeasures.
The shift that we are witnessing toward vehicle connectivity and autonomy is going to be perhaps, the most disruptive since the early days of automobiles and could revolutionize movement of people and goods. According to one estimation, the number of connected cars sold globally will grow to 152 million across the globe by 2020, a sixfold increase with respect to 2015 (McCarthy, Connected cars by the numbers, 2015, [1]).
Connected and automated vehicles (CAV) are marketed for their increased safety, driving comfort, and time saving potential. With much easier access to information, increased processing power, and precision control, they also offer unprecedented opportunities for energy efficient driving. This paper is an attempt to highlight the energy saving potential of connected and automated vehicles based on first principles of motion, optimal control theory, and a review of the vast but scattered eco-driving literature. We explain that connectivity to other vehicles and infrastructure allows better anticipation of upcoming events, such as hills, curves, slow traffic, state of traffic signals, and movement of neighboring vehicles. Automation allows vehicles to adjust their motion more precisely in anticipation of upcoming events, and save energy. Opportunities for cooperative driving could further increase energy efficiency of a group of vehicles by allowing them to move in a coordinated manner. Energy efficient motion of connected and automated vehicles could have a harmonizing effect on mixed traffic, leading to additional energy savings for neighboring vehicles.
This paper presents the possibilities of validating the microscopic traffic flow simulation model VISSIM, both on a microscopic and a macroscopic level. VISSIM implements a psycho-physical car-following model and thus provides a very realistic driving behavior. The complex model offers -but also requires -many model parameters that can be calibrated using measurement data from driving experiments. Some examples of how certain parameters influence driving behavior are given by com-paring a simulated approach-and-following-process with records from a probe vehicle. The model parameters can be adjusted to reflect different traffic situations. As examples, the model is validated using measurement data taken from a German freeway and from a US freeway, where driver behavior as well as traffic regulations are substantially different.
As no exact model of traffic flow exists due to its high complexity and chaotic organisation, researchers mainly try to predict traffic using simulations. Within this field, many simulation packages exist and differ in their software architecture paradigm as well as in the models that describe traffic itself. We will introduce yet another system which, in contrast to most of the other simulation software packages, is available as on open-source programm and may therfore be extended in order to fit a researcher´s own needs and also be used as a reference testbed for new traffic models.
Vehicular networks are being developed for efficient broadcast of safety alerts, real-time traffic congestion probing and for distribution of on-road multimedia content. In order to investigate vehicular networking protocols and evaluate the effects of incremental deployment it is essential to have a topology-aware simulation and test-bed infrastructure. While several traffic simulators have been developed under the intelligent transport system initiative, their primary motivation has been to model and forecast vehicle traffic flow and congestion from a queuing perspective. GrooveNet is a hybrid simulator which enables communication between simulated vehicles, real vehicles and between real and simulated vehicles. By modeling inter-vehicular communication within a real street map-based topography it facilitates protocol design and also in-vehicle deployment. GrooveNet's modular architecture incorporates mobility, trip and message broadcast models over a variety of link and physical layer communication models. It is easy to run simulations of thousands of vehicles in any US city and to add new models for networking, security, applications and vehicle interaction. GrooveNet supports multiple network interfaces, GPS and events triggered from the vehicle's on-board computer. Through simulation, we are able to study the message latency, and coverage under various traffic conditions. On-road tests over 400 miles lend insight to required market penetration
A widespread methodology for performance analysis in the field of communication systems engineering is network simulation. While ns-2 has established itself as virtually the standard network simulation tool, other network simulators have gained more and more attention during the last years. In this paper, we briefly survey new developments in the field of network simulation and conduct a performance comparison study by implementing an identical simulation set-up in five simulators, namely ns-2, OMNet++, ns-3, SimPy and JiST/SWANS. Our results reveal large differences according to both run-time performance and memory usage.
The OMNeT++ discrete event simulation environment has been publicly available since 1997. It has been created with the simulation of communication networks, multiprocessors and other distributed systems in mind as application area, but instead of building a specialized simulator, OMNeT++ was designed to be as general as possible. Since then, the idea has proven to work, and OMNeT++ has been used in numerous domains from queuing network simulations to wireless and ad-hoc network simulations, from business process simulation to peer-to-peer network, optical switch and storage area network simulations. This paper presents an overview of the OMNeT++ framework, recent challenges brought about by the growing amount and complexity of third party simulation models, and the solutions we introduce in the next major revision of the simulation framework.
This paper presents the design and implementation of the NCTUns 1.0 network simulator, which is a high-fidelity and extensible network simulator capable of simulating both wired and wireless IP networks. By using an enhanced simulation methodology, a new simulation engine architecture, and a distributed and open-system architecture, the NCTUns 1.0 network simulator is much more powerful than its predecessor––the Harvard network simulator, which was released to the public in 1999. The NCTUns 1.0 network simulator consists of many components. In this paper, we will present the design and implementation of these components and their interactions in detail.
ABSTRACT Simulation of network protocol behavior in Vehicular Ad Hoc Network (VANET) scenarios is strongly demanded,for evaluating the applicability of developed network protocols. In this work, we discuss the need for bidirectional coupling of network simulation and road trac,microsimulation for eval- uating such protocols. The implemented mobility model, which denes all movement of nodes, inuences the out- come of simulations to a great deal. Therefore, the use of a representative mobility model is essential for producing meaningful results. Based on these observations, we devel- oped the hybrid simulation framework,Veins (Vehicles in Network Simulation), composed of the network simulator OMNeT++ and the road trac,simulator SUMO. Based on a proof-of-concept study, we demonstrate the advantages and the need for bidirectionally coupled simulation. Categories and Subject Descriptors
This paper presents an overview of the concept and features of the CORSIM traffic simulation program and the TSIS package that provides an integrated, user-friendly interface and environment for executing CORSIM. The new functions and feature of CORSIM and TSIS in the most recent release are highlighted. Several successful TSIS/CORSIM applications are used to demonstrate that CORSIM is a very effective tool to perform traffic operations analysis and to evaluate new ITS technologies.
Providing vehicles with enhanced ability to communicate and exchange real-time data with neighboring vehicles opens up a variety of complex challenges that can only be met by combining different research fronts such as wireless com- munications, information processing, self-organization pro- tocols and collaborative optimization. The difficulty in per- forming real tests in this area forces the use of computer sim- ulation. In this paper we introduce an efficient simulation framework for large scale vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) networks in urban environments. Our main contribution is a sophisti- cated traffic simulator, which is oriented towards simulating car-to-car communications, and relies on a global position- ing server in order to convey location information for micro- simulated vehicles. To illustrate the various studies made possible by our simulation system, we provide a preliminary characterization of how the wireless transmission range in an urban-like environment affects the freshness and inter- vehicle propagation characteristics of real-time mobility in- formation.