Paulo Smith Schneider

Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul | UFRGS · Departamento de Engenharia Mecânica

Sumário 1. Visão geral do hidrogênio na industria 2. Indústria Siderúrgica 3. Processos em siderurgia e metalurgia 4. Indústria Química e Agronegócio 5. Hidrogênio Verde em edifícios 6. Células de combustível: Visão geral do mercado 7. Fornecimento de energia às instalações industriais 8. Referências

Sumário 1. Avaliação da Viabilidade do Projetos e Países Exportadores 2. Países importadores e exportadores 3. Mercado Internacional de Hidrogênio 4. Regulamentação 5. Contrato de carbono por diferença 6. Perspectivas para o Mercado Nacional e Internacional Considerações Finais Referências

This paper contributes with a review of current and future electric vehicle battery geometries, as there are few comparisons regarding performance criteria in the literature. With these considerations, this paper seeks to fill this gap by comparing commercial batteries with different geometries. First, the specifications of each battery (found on m...

Thermal energy storage has been integrated into Heat Pumps (HP) in a variety of applications, including residential space heating. It is commonly used to shift the load from peak to off-peak periods, and various control strategies can be used for this purpose. This study explores different control logic for residential space heating systems consist...

Land use and water management have considerable impacts on regional climates. This paper proposes that in humid regions with low wind patterns the construction of hydropower storage reservoirs contributes to the increases in the probability of precipitation in the regional climate. This observation has been tested with a methodology that calculates...

The most challenging aspect of developing a green hydrogen economy is long-distance oceanic transportation. Hydrogen liquefaction is a transportation alternative. However, the cost and energy consumption for liquefaction is currently prohibitively high, creating a major barrier to hydrogen supply chains. This paper proposes using solid nitrogen or...

Integrating thermal energy storage (TES) into air source heat pumps (ASHP) is an alternative that may leverage their deployment in the next years. The simulation of such systems often requires detailed models running 8.760 h with hourly time steps, hence, increasing the computational effort. In this paper, we explore how thermal load models with di...

Full decarbonization in buildings requires the replacement of combustion appliances with electric ones, and air source heat pumps (ASHP) are a candidate alternative. However, technical limitations, such as the efficiency decrease when operating in cold weather, limit their adoption in the global heating market. Among several options to improve ASHP...

The most challenging aspect of developing a green hydrogen economy is long-distance oceanic transportation. Hydrogen liquefaction is a transportation alternative. However, the cost and energy consumption for liquefaction is currently prohibitively high, creating a major barrier to hydrogen supply chains. This paper proposes the use of solid nitroge...

South America has been developed from its coast to its hinterlands since the beginning of its Western colonization. However, to this point, no significant effort has been made to integrate its interior. Waterways transportation can be considered the most sustainable inland mode of transportation due to its low CO2 emissions per ton of cargo transpo...

Air-source heat pumps (ASHPs) can support a decarbonized economy by replacing combustion appliances in homes and electrifying heating systems in buildings. However, ASHPs have not seen significant adoption primarily due to deteriorated performance under cold conditions—at very low temperatures they require auxiliary resistance heating to meet the h...

Tesla turbines can be employed as small-scale turbines to recover waste energy in several industrial applications. However, there is no consensus on the turbine efficiency as experimental studies show significantly lower values than those obtained by analytical and CFD approaches. The present work addresses that question by performing a systematic...

O presente estudo tem o objetivo de avaliar, através da dinâmica dos fluidos computacional (CFD), o escoamento de água em uma turbina Francis de 5,9 MW de potência, instalada em uma pequena central hidrelétrica, buscando identificar pontos passíveis de melhoria em seu funcionamento, visando à sua repotenciação. Para tanto, foram pesquisados aspecto...

Replacing combustion appliances with heat pumps can be part of a strategy to electrify buildings. When their electricity is supplied by renewables, the adoption of heat pumps for space heating may help curb the CO 2 emissions inherent to traditional heating systems that burn natural gas or coal. When operating in very cold climates, however, heat p...

High level of efficiency is pursued whenever an energy convertion system is operated, such as steam generators, but emission contents must be kept within legal and reasonable values at the same time. The interdependence of these two factors often limit the system performance, and optimization procedures allow for finding combinations of parameters...

This paper contributes with a review of current and future electric vehicle battery shapes, as there are few comparisons of different battery geometries regarding performance criteria in the literature. With these considerations, this paper seeks to fill this gap by comparing commercial batteries with different geometries. First, the specifications...

Complex engineering systems, such as power plants, deliver their best performance when operating along a designed range of some priority parameters. However, plant field operation may deviate from design conditions, and new references must be identified. Actions towards high-quality operation can be supported by fine modeling, which helps building...

Water management strategies can have considerable impacts on the regional climate and hydrology. It is usually the case that the construction and operation of hydropower reduce the river flow downstream due to the increase in evaporation. However, this paper shows that in humid regions, such as in Brazil, the hydropower storage reservoirs contribut...

In tropical climates, the energy consumed by heating, ventilation and air conditioning can exceed 50% of the total energy consumption of a building. The demand for cooling is rising steadily, driven by global warming and rapidly increasing living standards in developing economies. In addition, there is a rise in water demand due to population incre...

The Indus basin has a large hydropower untapped potential for electricity generation and to regulate the Indus river flow, which could reduce flooding events and provide water supply during drought periods. In this paper, a computational module is developed to localize potential sites for hydropower generation and seasonal pumped hydropower storage...

Water management strategies can have considerable impacts on the regional climate and hydrology. It is usually the case that the construction and operation of hydropower reduces the river flow downstream due to the increase in evaporation. However, this paper shows that in humid regions, such as in Brazil, the hydropower storage reservoirs contribu...

The world is undergoing a substantial energy transition with an increasing share of intermittent sources of energy on the grid such as wind and solar. These variable renewable energy sources require an energy storage solution to allow a smooth integration of these sources. Batteries can provide short-term storage solutions. However, there is still...

Power plant performance can decrease along with its life span, and move away from the design and commissioning targets. Maintenance issues, operational practices, market restrictions, and financial objectives may lead to that behavior, and the knowledge of appropriate actions could support the system to retake its original operational performance....

The global energy matrix has been transforming in recent years and today it is moving toward a decentralized form of management for the generation of clean energy worldwide. With this, new ways of management for the energy environment has been emerging, being the Energy Cloud (EC), through cloud computing, one of these trends that seek to optimize...

The rise in distributed renewable energy generation creates a growing need to find viable solutions for energy storage to match energy demand and supply at any time. This paper evaluates the possibility of using swimming pools as a long-term cooling energy storage solution, i.e., Swimming Pool Thermal Energy Storage (SPTES). This technology allows...

The increase in intermittent sources of electricity in national grids is increasing the need for energy storage solutions. Brazil's energy grid has a hydrothermal conformation that the provision of power to meet the demand is easily met with its numerous hydropower generators if there is water available to turn their turbines. With the intent of st...

The operation of complex systems can drift away from the initial design conditions, due to environmental conditions, equipment wear or specific restrictions. Steam generators are complex equipment and their proper operation relies on the identification of their most relevant parameters. An approach to rank the operational parameters of a subcritica...

The rapid increase in cooling demand for air conditioning worldwide brings the need for more efficient cooling solutions based on renewable energy. Seawater air conditioning (SWAC) can provide base-load cooling services in coastal areas utilizing deep cold seawater. This technology is suggested for inter-tropical regions where demand for cooling is...

Electricity in the short-term market, or spot market, is traded according to the Difference Settlement Price PLD, whose calculation follows a complex and computationally demanding procedure. The present work proposes the use of statistical methods to forecast PLD values and trends in order to mitigate uncertainty in the decision making of market ag...

Land use and water management have considerable impacts on regional climates. This paper proposes that in humid regions with low wind patterns the construction of hydropower storage reservoirs contributes to the increases in the probability of precipitation in the regional climate. This observation has been tested with a methodology that calculates...

Data centers cooling loads may reach about 40% of their electricity demands. The number of that type of facility is continuously growing around worldwide and actions addressing energy saving are welcome to rationalize their operation. Free cooling appears as an effective solution to achieve energy savings, and the present work proposes a methodolog...

The energy sector is undergoing substantial transition with the integration of variable renewable energy sources, such as wind and solar energy. These sources come with hourly, daily, seasonal and yearly variations; raising the need for short and long-term energy storage technologies to guarantee the smooth and secure supply of electricity. This pa...

The use of emerging technologies such as cloud computing, Internet of Things, and Big Data, is increasing as tools to assist the management of data and information related to energy systems grow. This allows for greater flexibility, scalability of solutions, optimization of energy use, and management of energy devices. In this sense, the objective...

In radiation process, a variety of models can be used to represent the spectral radiative properties of combustion gases. In coal combustion, the high level of soot concentration brings higher complexity to the formulation. Several pieces of research are found, comparing different radiation models usually applied to idealized laboratory situations....

The present paper presents two process functions for the estimation of the energy demand for \(\hbox {SO}_{2}\) filtering from coal flue gas streams and the gypsum production by wet flue gas desulfurization (WFGD) systems. Functions are prepared to be used as plugins on conceptual design procedures of industrial processes based on coal combustion w...

A R T I C L E I N F O Keywords: Sensible thermal energy storage Thermal rectifier Cyclic heat storage Lumped element model Numerical design of experiments A B S T R A C T The sensible thermal energy storage system proposed in the present study is composed by a set of flat parallel plates and is meant to work as a thermal rectifier, continuously pow...

The performance of evaporative condensers depends on operating parameters such as the state of ambient air and circulating water (environmental) and the condition of the refrigerant fluid (operational). The equipment behavior can be analyzed in a laboratory environment with the aid of Design of Experiment DoE tools, which effectively assists in the...

The world is going through intensive changes due to global warming. It is well known that the reduction in ice cover in the Arctic Ocean further contributes to increasing the atmospheric Arctic temperature due to the reduction of the albedo effect and increase in heat absorbed by the ocean's surface. The Arctic ice cover also works like an insulati...

Results related to the paper published at SOLARPACES 2017.

The main goal of this paper is to present a methodology to achieve the optimal design of a sensible thermal energy storage system (T3S) working as a thermal rectifier. The system was composed by the heat storage material (HSM), distributed in a set of flat parallel plates, and the working fluid, both modeled by a simplified lumped element model (LE...

In this study, the experimental investigation of the use of nanolubricants based on polyol ester (POE) synthetic refrigeration oil and diamond nanoparticles at two mass concentrations, 0.1% and 0.5%, in a vapor compression refrigeration system is performed. An experimental apparatus has been developed in order to study the main parameters of a refr...

Real data from dynamometric essays of electric and internal combustion engines motorcycles pointed out a 3 times superior energy performance of electric driven vehicles (47.06% efficiency) compared to the average value for liquid fueled engines (15.32%). That conclusion motivated a more comprehensive assessment, based on a bottom-up methodology tog...

The present paper presents the computational implementation of the industrialformulation of the thermodynamic properties of water at liquid andsteam phases, proposed by the International Association for the Propertiesof Water and Steam, known as IAPWS-IF97. The validity field extends overto temperatures T between 0ºC and 800°C, for pressures p up t...

In the present work a one-dimensional model for coal combustion in a Drop Tube Furnace (DTF) is developed. The equations that characterize the flow, heat transfer phenomena and coal combustion reactions are programmed in a FORTRAN90 language code. The results are compared with a reference model and experimental data, showing good agreement. A sensi...

Evaporative condensers present a hard problem for numerical modeling because of the complex phenomena of heat and mass transfer outside of the bundle tubes in turbulent flows. The goal of this work is to study the air and water behavior inside an evaporative condenser operating with ammonia as the refrigerant fluid. A commercial CFD software packag...

Brazil has one of the highest electricity costs in the world, aggravating one of the lowest rates of development in energy efficiency. This context impairs the competitiveness of the Brazilian industrial sector, which consumes approximately one-third of all electricity generated in the country. The researchers aimed to propose a model to diagnose t...

This paper presents an overview of relevant aspects concerning the Brazilian cold chain, such as its infrastructure, energy sources and expenditures, legislation and technology. Some refrigerated products with nationwide relevance were selected to assess the cold chain. Their production and consumption is presented based on available data from the...

The objective of this work consists on presenting a simulation model developed to study the transient operation of a solar aided biomass steam generator integrated into an existing cogeneration plant installed in Brazil. The proposed side-by-side hybridization concept when operated under the fuel economy mode turns possible to reduce the fuel consu...

The present work employs Constructal Design to numerically evaluate the geometrical configuration which facilitates the heat transfer through a T-shaped conductive pathway and heat-generating volumetric medium with low thermal conductivity. It is inserted a third material placed between the conductive pathway and the heat-generating medium which ac...

In this paper, experimental investigation was conducted on the combustion performance for three different residual biomasses. These species are typically found in Brazil’s Central-West region, the Cerrado biome, namely Bocaiúva (from extractive harvesting), Crambe (from agricultural cropping industrial processing) and Eucalyptus (from planted fores...

This study is focused on the optimization of a sensible thermal storage system subjected to a cyclic energy source. The objective is to minimize the system heat storage mass and its geometry to guarantee its operation within an admissible temperature range. The storage medium is modeled as a Lumped system and the working fluid by a non-capacitive e...