Pablo Osvaldo Canziani

National Scientific and Technical Research Council | conicet · UIDI - UTN-FRBA/CONICET

Synoptic-scale disturbances, existing in the lower stratosphere of middle to high southern latitudes and linked to tropospheric synoptic systems, are reviewed. Geopotential and wind fields show that synoptic-scale perturbations exist in the re-analysis products of the US National Center for Environmental Prediction, at least up to the 50 hPa level....

There is growing evidence of significant changes in components of the Antarctic climate system, an important issue given the influence Antarctica has on global climate. It is important to infer to what extent these regional changes could be attributed to human-induced processes and to what extent to natural variability. Standard methods such as lin...

An objective four‐dimensional (4D) algorithm developed to track extratropical relative vorticity anomaly 3D structure over time is introduced and validated. The STACKER algorithm, structured with the TRACKER single‐level tracking algorithm as source of the single‐level raw tracks, objectively combines tracks from various levels to determine the 3D...

Extra‐tropical cyclones are a relevant feature in the climate at middle and high latitudes. Despite their importance, most studies typically focus only on cyclones identified at a single atmospheric level and on events close to the surface. This paper provides a new perspective on the Southern Hemisphere (SH) cyclone events based on the multilevel...

A climate analysis of the monthly mean temperatures of Southern Patagonia during the late-XIXth and early-XXth centuries was carried out as part of the international data rescue Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) program partnership in Argentina, together with other data sources with regional and global records. The data...

Invited presentation

The recovery of early records of maximum, minimum, and mean temperatures; pressure; and relative humidity measurements in Puerto Madryn for the period 1902–1915 is presented. A careful evaluation of the quality of the data was performed using internal coherence, tolerance, and temporal consistency tests. The monthly mean series of all the variables...

An analysis on the differences between two thermal tropopauses at 59 South American upper-air stations was carried out. The original lapse rate tropopause (LRT) derived from significant-level radiosonde temperature profiles following the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) definition was compared with the tropopause estimated from radiosonde ma...

Se llevó a cabo un estudio de diferencias entre dos tropopausas térmicas sobre 59 estaciones aerológicas de Sudamérica. La tropopausa térmica primigenia, llamada lapse rate tropopause (LRT) y obtenida de perfiles verticales de temperatura en niveles significativos incluidos en los radiosondeos siguiendo la definición de la Organización Meteoroló...

The international Atmospheric Circulation Reconstructions over the Earth (ACRE) initiative works to recover global climate history and build an accessible databank, with data from the past 250 years of terrestrial and marine surface. Argentina is part of that effort with ACRE Argentina recovering data from various sources that have been recorded th...

An updated climatology for the occurrence of blockings in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) using daily reanalysis data from 1948–2021 is presented. Geopotential height (z) at 500 hPa was the working variable. The blocking index (BI) was defined for every 2.5° of longitude whenever z(35° S)−z(50° S)<0. The results were organized in longitudinal bands of...

La teología, la filosofía y la ciencia concuerdan en la visión de un universo armónico, o sea, un verdadero «cosmos», dotado de una integridad propia y de un equilibrio interno y dinámico. San Juan Pablo II Todos los días escuchamos preocupantes noticias: incendios forestales en Norteamérica, Australia, Amazonia, desmontes, desaparición de especies...

An unsupervised k-means/k-means++ clustering algorithm was implemented on daily images of standardized anomalies of brightness temperature (T b) derived from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES)-13 infrared data for the period 1 December 2010 to 30 November 2016. The goal was to decompose each individual T b image into four...

The document presents an assessment of NDCs presented by national governments to the Paris Accord. The NDCs are compard on a same metric and classified into 4 categories. The different national responsabilities are highlighted through the per capita national emissions

The document presents a summary of the ACRE Argentina activities under way including Data Rescue as well as preliminary analysis of meteorological data for Buenos Aires for the period 1820-1840.

Este informe identifica y analiza algunas de las principales brechas de conocimiento que afectan la formulación e implementación de la política de adaptación al cambio climático en Argentina. En primer lugar, se identifican vacíos de información críticos. Los resultados del trabajo señalan que hay déficits de conocimiento muy significativos sobre l...

A statistical analysis of 100-year historic Southern Annular Mode (SAM) time series is carried out, for a set of indices calculated by different methods, in view to understanding their value as simple indicators of climate variability and of the physical processes involved, particularly for the early part of the 20th century. Historic SAM time seri...

AbstractObservations are the foundation for understanding the climate system. Yet, currently available land meteorological data are highly fractured into various global, regional and national holdings for different variables and timescales, from a variety of sources, and in a mixture of formats. Added to this, many data are still inaccessible for a...

20th Century Reanalysis (NOAA-CIRES) and ERA 20 C (ECMWF) provide datasets spanning the entire twentieth century. Different historical SAM indices, the principal variability mode of Southern Hemisphere, were derived from both datasets and were compared on a range of timescales by spatial patterns analysis, correlation analysis, wavelet transform an...

A seasonal climatology for the Lambertian equivalent reflectivity (LER) in ultraviolet (UV) for southern South America is introduced. The study region was limited by 10° and 60°S and by 100° and 30° W; the data set spanned the period 1978-2015. Features of the seasonal means and of the quarterly (Q) and the interannual (IA) variabilities for each s...

In order to address the behaviour of nitrogen dioxide (NO2) and sulphur dioxide (SO2) in the context of a changing climate, linear and non‐linear trends for the concentrations of these two trace gases were estimated over their seasonal standardised variables in the Southern Hemisphere—between the Equator and 60° S—using data retrieved by the Ozone...

Abstract To understand how the tropopause annual evolution relates to the troposphere and lower stratosphere over southern South America, the study analyzes the joint behavior of single and double thermal tropopauses with the 500 and 100 hPa levels in the region. Radiosonde data spanning the period 1973–2014 were used. Geopotential height time seri...

Differences between lapse rate tropopauses (LRTs) and LRT-like tropopauses retrieved from mandatory levels (LRTMs) were studied for height, pressure and temperature at 37 locations of the Indian subcontinent on a long-term annual, summer and winter basis covering the period 1973–2015. LRTM is usually found below LRT and statistical distinctions hin...

Annual anomalies of Lambertian equivalent reflectivity (LER) retrieved from the total ozone mapping spectrometer spanning the period November 1978–November 2005 were studied in the Southern Hemisphere, in a region bounded by 0° S and 60° S, and their trends were estimated. With the exception of few regions where the variable may represent the contr...

This report analyses the climate model projections for various emissions scenarios and discusses the possibility of meeting the 1.5 and 2.0 degree Celsius goals established in the Paris Agreement. Stopping global warming at 1.5 degrees Celsius probably cannot be met. the 2 degree Celsius goal will require a far stronger commitment than can be curr...

Understanding the causes of recent climatic trends and variability in the high-latitude Southern Hemisphere is hampered by a short instrumental record. Here, we analyse recent atmosphere, surface ocean and sea-ice observations in this region and assess their trends in the context of palaeoclimate records and climate model simulations. Over the 36-y...

A lo largo de esta segunda parte de Atmósfera: la piel de la vida se presentan las consecuencias sociales y ambientales de los cambios que la humanidad introduce en la atmósfera de nuestra única casa. Se analizan situaciones específicas vividas en las décadas recientes en distintas regiones del planeta y se demuestra que, inclusive para las socieda...

Tropical social-ecological systems are highly vulnerable to climate change, given the limited natural climate variability in the tropics. Tropical rural populations, with livelihoods dependent on agriculture, are particularly vulnerable to climate variability and changes. To develop climate change social communication, plan and implement adaptation...

The work is aimed at detecting trends in monthly time series of tropopause variables at southern South America. Multiple thermal tropopauses were calculated from radiosonde ascents at 23 upper-air stations in continental southern South America plus Easter Island (SCIP), a Chilean overseas territory located in the Pacific Ocean (27º09’36’11’’S, 109º...

A lo largo de las páginas de esta primera parte se presenta la historia de la atmósfera de nuestro planeta, nuestra única casa, resaltando múltiples aspectos de su evolución en su relación íntima con la vida así como de su funcionamiento. Se presenta en términos comprensibles para el lector el funcionamiento del sistema climático como sistema compl...

Laudato Si as an integrator of science, reason and faith, spirituality and human and nature´s reality.The global, regional and environmental issues need to be viewed in this integral approach inorder to find solutions to the socio-environmental crisis

La Provincia de Mendoza representa cerca del 70% del área nacional cultivada con vid en Argentina, con una producción cercana al 65%. Los departamentos San Martín y Luján de Cuyo son reconocidos por su alta producción vitícola y la calidad enológica de sus uvas, respectivamente. temporada productiva. Se infiere que estas localidades están experimen...

A World Climate Research Programme (WCRP) Special Workshop titled the "Climatic effects of ozone depletion in the Southern Hemi-sphere: Assessing the evidence and identifying gaps in the current knowledge" focused on the current understanding of Southern Hemisphere (SH) ozone depletion, in particular high-latitude ozone depletion, with regards to i...

Six existing models and one proposed approach for estimating global solar radiation were tested in Buenos Aires using commonly measured meteorological data as temperature and sunshine hours covering the years 2010-2013. Statistical predictors as mean bias error, root mean square, mean percentage error, slope and regression coefficients were used as...

Este libro busca poner en perspectiva la presente situación crítica del ambiente, escenario de la vida en todas sus formas ante la historia de la creación, desde el big bang, pasando por la evolución de las especies, de la humanidad y de las culturas. Sólo de esta forma es posible comenzar una paroximación real a la magnitud de este grave problema,...

Desde hace años, los Cirrus han sido motivo de mucha atención debido a su importante rol e impacto sobre el balance radiativo de la atmósfera. El efecto radiativo de dichas nubes ha sido identificado como un importante regulador del sistema climático global. Debido a la altura donde se encuentran dichas nubes resulta dificultosa la realización de m...

Mendoza Province is the major Argentinian vitivinicultural region, and its grape production is fundamental for the national vintage. The 1979–2009 climate–annual grape yield relationships are analyzed, and total grape yield is shown to depend significantly on regional ‘‘summer’’ (October–March) precipitation. Precipitation negatively affects yields...

Deforestation/land-use changes are major drivers of regional climate change in central South America, impacting upon Amazonia and Gran Chaco ecoregions. Most experimental and modeling studies have focused on the resulting perturbations within Amazonia. Using the Regional Climate Model PRECIS, driven by ERA-40 reanalysis and ECHAM4 Baseline model fo...

Recent studies have shown that the tropical belt (TB) has progressively expanded since at least the late 1970s. This trend has been largely attributed to the radiative forcing due to greenhouse gas (GHG) increase and stratospheric ozone depletion, even if an influence of sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies has been also suggested. The impact of...

Broadband overcast cloud effective transmittance was determined at Arica (18.47S, 70.31°W, 20 m above sea level (asl)) and Poconchile (18.45°S, 70.07°W, 560 m asl), Atacama Desert, northern Chile, from 10 min averaged pyranometer measurements of total solar irradiance (ToSI) and ultraviolet solar irradiance (UVSI) during the period 2002-2005. The p...

Abstract: This work shows an statistical study of Cirrus clouds time series evolution with its temporal variability measured with a backscatter LIDAR System at mid-latitudes over Buenos Aires. This study was made with 95 observations during 2005 and 2006. The time series range goes from one hours up to nine hours of continuous observations. We pres...

RESUMEN La zona Este de la Provincia de Mendoza (Argentina) es la subregión más importante en cuanto a superficie cultivada y producción de uvas, debido a sus apropiadas condiciones para el cultivo. La variedad Chardonnay en una de las variedades blancas de mayor cultivo y utilización en la provincia de Mendoza. Distintas proyecciones realizadas en...

The relationship between the October (spring) total ozone column (TOC) midlatitude zonal asymmetry over the Southern Hemisphere (SH) and the stratospheric quasi-stationary wave 1 (QSW1) interannual phase variability is analyzed. Once contributions to the TOC from known global predictors, estimated with a multi-regression model, are removed, the res...

Lidar measurements of midlatitude cirrus clouds over Buenos Aires, collected between 2002 and 2003, are compared with multiple tropopauses (MT) retrieved from rawinsonde temperature retrievals. Results derived from the rawinsondes display MT events with an annual cycle which are fewest in March. Comparison with lidar observations shows that cirrus...

This study presents a comparison of lidar observations of midlatitude cirrus clouds over Buenos Aires between 2002 and 2003 with multiple tropopauses (MT) retrieved from rawinsonde temperature retrievals. The temporal variability of MT properties is discussed. Results show an annual cycle, with MT frequency reaching its lowest point in March. Compa...

Cirrus clouds have recently garnered much attention due to their important role and impact on the atmospheric radiative balance. This stresses the need for active remote sensing such as lidar, whose capability to perceive high and optically thin cirrus makes it one of the most accurate systems for cirri study. The dynamic range of backscatter lidar...

The Southern Hemisphere midlatitude Total Ozone Column (TOC) shows a "horseshoe" like structure with a minimum which appears to have two preferential extreme positions during October: one, near southern South America, the other, near the Greenwich Meridian approximately. The interannual zonal ozone asymmetry exists independently of the variations i...

Broadband overcast cloud optical parameters were determined at Arica, Atacama Desert, Northern Chile, from 10-minutes averaged pyranometer measurements of total solar irradiance (ToSI) and ultraviolet solar irradiance (UVESI) during the period 2002-2003. The predominant cloud type is marine stratocumulus. The cloud effective transmittance (CET) is...

RESUMEN La validación es una parte esencial para el uso de Modelos Climáticos tanto regional como global. Representar con los Modelos Climáticos Globales (MCG) una zona tan compleja como es Sudamérica no es suficiente, debido a la variada topografía, extensas líneas de costa y a las diversas coberturas vegetales como las selvas amazónicas. Para est...

Los Niños Benguela son eventos cálidos, intermitentes y extremos que afectan la costa oeste de África. A diferencia de su homónimo del océano Pacífico (ENSO), la información disponible sobre las modificaciones introducidas en la atmósfera por estos eventos es muy limitada. El presente trabajo muestra perturbaciones abruptas generadas en la atmósfer...

In order to provide further insights into the relationships between the tropopause and different mandatory levels, this paper discusses the coupling between standardized tropopause height anomalies (STHAs) and standardized 500-hPa and 100-hPa height anomalies (S5HAs and S1HAs, respectively) within the ‘climatic year’ for three sets of upper-air sta...

Recent research on climatologies for temperature structure and tropopause parameters in the tropics, based on radiosonde, satellites data and model reanalysis show good agreement between radiosonde (RS) and data derived from remote sounding, such as GPS Radio Occultation (GPS RO), and reanalysis. The agreement is remarkably good over and immediatel...

Cirrus clouds in the upper troposphere and the lower stratosphere have recently drawn much attention due to their important role and impact on the atmospheric radiative balance. Because they are located in the upper troposphere their study requires a high resolution technique not only to detect them but also to characterize their behaviour and evol...

1] Total ozone relationships with selected upper troposphere/lower stratosphere variables (400-and 70-hPa temperatures, tropopause height and temperature, 70-hPa geopotential height, and 340-K potential vorticity), as well as between the variables, are analyzed on decadal scales over Southern Hemisphere midlatitudes for the period 1980–2000. Total...

1 INTRODUCCION Los filtros de fase mínima son extensamente utilizados en diferentes campos de la ingeniería desde hace ya varios años [1]. En el presente trabajo se comparan los resultados obtenidos con dos filtros de alta performance que en el caso de señales registradas en el espacio, como lo es el caso del ozonosondeo, introducen un mínimo corri...

Patagonia is a sizeable portion of the territory where major economic activities linked to the environment take place. The viticulture sector is also conditioned by it. It is necessary to understand both the present climate and future scenarios in order to establish an efficient, lasting and sustainable production, in equilibrium with the environme...

Evaluating several methods to determine cirrus clouds properties using lidar measurements in Cuba and Argentina Evaluación de diversos métodos para determinar las propiedades de los cirrus utilizando mediciones hechas con lidar en Cuba y Argentina ABSTRACT: Lidar measurements provide information to determine the cirrus clouds optical and geometrica...

ABSTRACT

Argentine operational rawinsonde records spanning a 30-year period (1968-1997) were used to study the climatology of the tropopause from the subtropics to the southern mid-latitudes, approximately along the 60°W meridian. The thermal tropopause annual cycle as well as its variability was analyzed at three sites: Resistencia (RES), Ezeiza (EZE), and...

Validation of radio occultation technique by Global Positioning System (GPS), carried out on board the SAC-C and CHAMP satellites, is analyzed over three stations of Chile and four for Argentine, as a reference for South America during 2001-2003. The discussion is based on the statistical comparison of the data of GPS with data from nearby radioson...

Satellite-derived climatologies of UV index (UVI) and erythemal daily dose were determined for Argentina at a geographical resolution of 0.5° latitude by 0.5° longitude. Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer climatology of key input parameters was used to calculate the clear-sky ground-level solar UV irradiance. NASA Surface meteorology and Solar Energy...

Climate variability at different scales of the atmosphere is a research field that has received a very special interest in re cent years. In this work we study the temporal and spatial atmospheric circulation variability, through an analysis of monthly anomalies for the 850 hPa at three South America rawinsonde stations. In particular, we analyze e...

The temporal tendency of the monthly mean meteorological observations from the Argentine Antarctic Station Orcadas (60º45'S / 44º43'W), Laurie Island or Orcadas del Sur Archipelago is analysed for the period 1904-2003, i.e., 100 years of continuous observations. Most other available Antarctic datasets for surface climate trend analysis span shorte...

Palabras clave: Trayectorias atmosféricas, dinámica de fluidos, algoritmos paralelos, modelos isentrópicos Resumen. En el presente trabajo desarrollamos modelos computacionales bidimensionales y tridimen-sionales para el problema de transporte de trazadores en la atmósfera. Éstos son modelos de trayectorias lagrangianas y hemos programado versiones...

The analysis of measurements of daily mean temperature, daily mean relative humidity and daily total solar irradiation for the period 1979-1985, at the Antarctic stations Almirante Brown (64.9ºS, 62.9ºW, 10m a.s.l., West of Antarctic Peninsula), and BelgranoII (77.9ºS, 34.6ºW, 250m a.s.l., East of Antarctic Peninsula) is presented. A short-term cha...

Palabras claves: cambio climático, wavelets, análisis multiresolución, análisis de señales. Resumen. En base a datos medidos en superficie en la base de Orcadas en la Antártida Argentina se determinó la tendencia a lo largo de un período de cien años en variables climáticas como ser la temperatura, la presión atmosférica y la precipitación. Se obtu...

IPCC/TEAP Special report provided for WMO/UNEP

The variability of atmospheric midlatitudinal ozone between 1980 and 2000 over the Southern Hemisphere is discussed. The distribution of ozone and ozone change during the seasonal cycle is discussed using Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer Nimbus and Earth Probe data binned at 72 (30° longitude by 5° latitude) bins, between 60° and 30°S. Rather than...

An adaptive grid model, called AMR (Adaptive Mesh refinement) is used for the first time to study the stratosphere over the Southernn Hemisphere. The model was used to study the evolution of potencial vorticity (PV), a passive dynamical tracer, during the particularly perturbed 2002 Antarctic ozone hole season. The AMR-CTM is a mechanistic model dr...

The purpose of the present work is to gain a better understanding of the coupling stratospheric ozone/tropopause. It is found that there is a significant influence in the trends of the stratospheric ozone concentration at midlatitudes due to changes in the tropopause height. Moreover, the cases of extreme stratospheric ozone concentrations and mass...

An elastic backscatter Lidar is in operation at Buenos Aires (34.6S, 58.5W) for more than 8 years now starting in August 1995. A large data set has been collected on atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), natural and anthropogenic aerosols, mid and high cirrus clouds. Different improvements have been made over the years to the original single wavelength...

Monthly mean NCEP reanalysis potential vorticity fields at the 650 K isentropic level over the Northern and Southern Hemispheres between 1979 and 1997 were studied using multivariate analysis tools. Principal component analysis in the T-mode was applied to demonstrate the validity of such statistical techniques for the study of stratospheric dynami...

During the austral autumn of 1997, a sequence of record low ozone events with anomalous behavior occurred at subtropical latitudes to midlatitudes over southern South America, also known as the South Cone (Chile, Argentina, Uruguay, and Southern Brazil). The extreme low ozone events took place in Mayand early June 1997, i.e., at a time of the year...

We describe recent, ongoing, and future efforts to create a lidar network in Latin America through the integration of existing lidar projects and the establishment of new ones. An important part of this effort is to build on existing capabilities and to train scientists at each of the new sites to be able to operate their own observatories.

En este trabajo se implemento un modelo cuasitridimensional de aguas poco profundas para modelizar el vortice polar austral. El sistema de ecuacionesresuhante se integro mediante un metodo espectral basado en las autofunciones del operador de aguas poco profundas sobre la esfera y en la vertical se emple6 interpolacion de trazadores cubicos entre l...

The lower stratosphere monthly temperature anomalies over the Southern Hemisphere derived from soundings made by the Microwave Sounding Unit (MSU) between 1979 and 1997 are analysed. Specifically MSU channel 4 temperature retrievals are considered. Principal component (PC) analysis with the S-mode approach is used in order to isolate grid points th...

Monthly lower stratosphere temperature anomalies in a layer centred about 70 hPa, from the MSU data set are analysed for the period 1979–1997. T-mode approach principal component analysis (PCA) is used in order to obtain the leading spatial anomaly patterns and their sequences of occurrence throughout the period under study. Five principal componen...

A new eigentechnique approach, Principal Sequence Pattern Analysis (PSPA), is introduced for the analysis of spatial pattern sequence, as an extension of the traditional Principal Component Analysis set in the T-Mode. In this setting, the variables are sequences of k spatial fields of a given meteorological variable. PSPA is described and applied t...

Temperature retrievals from the Cryogenic Limb Array Etalon Spectrophotometer (CLAES) on board the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are used to determine the behaviour of the slower Kelvin-wave modes in the lower and middle stratosphere. the CLAES dataset permits their study during the easterly phase of the quasi-biennial oscillation and...

A method is derived for estimating the Kelvin wave contribution to the vertical flux of westerly momentum in the equatorial stratosphere, which is based on temperature and geopotential perturbations. This method is used to estimate the momentum transfer due to Kelvin wave activity as derived from the cryogenic limb array etalon spectrophotometer (C...

A clear recognition of the unique role that Latin America plays in the global environment was one of several major themes to emerge at a recent workshop on distributions of ozone and UVB radiation over Latin America. The region covers a very broad latitude range and has a major influence on the atmospheric circulation of the southern hemisphere. Th...

Temperature and ozone data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are used to analyze the variability of Kelvin wave activity during the first two years of the UARS mission. The analysis is carried out using the asynoptic mapping technique. Time frequency plots for zonal wavenumbers 1 and 2, a...

Data from the Microwave Limb Sounder (MLS) instrument on the Upper Atmosphere Research Satellite (UARS) are used to compare two periods of Kelvin wave activity during different stages of the equatorial quasi-biennial oscillation. The analysis is carried out using an asynoptic mapping technique. A wide bandpass filter is used to isolate the frequenc...