P K Sahoo

Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture | CIFA · Fish Health Management Division

Diseases are the major bottleneck for the successful development of the aquaculture industry. Carassius auratus (goldfish) is one of the major cultured and traded ornamental fish worldwide. Goldfish are frequently encountered with different disease conditions. Cyprinid herpes virus 2 (CyHV-2) is one of the most dreadful diseases of goldfish and its...

GENETIC IMPROVEMENT OF GIANT PRAWN Macrobrachium rosenbergii THROUGH SELECTIVE BREEDING IN INDIA- STATUS AND SCOPE Bindu R. Pillai*, D. Panda, K. D. Mahapatra, P.K. Sahoo, R. Ponzoni, R. Rathod, F. Hoque, S. Sahu, B. Mishra, N. Naik, Jyoti, R. Kannauj, A. Champati, Pravin, P., A. Das and A. Miriyala ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquacultur...

Argulosis is one of the most unrestrained economically significant freshwater fish ectoparasitic diseases. Proper selection or normalization of the best reference gene governs the accuracy of results of gene expression studies using real-time PCR. Earlier studies in rohu carp (Labeo rohita) have used reference genes without proper validation. Here,...

Aim: Methodology: Results: Interpretation: The present study was carried out to ascertain the prevalence and species-spectrum of Dactylogyrus in Indian major carp farms of Odisha state, India. Further it is to establish host preference of Dactylogyrus catlaius among Indian major carps. The study was conducted from September 2018 to March 2020 in th...

The effect of dietary mannan oligosaccharide (MOS) on growth, digestive enzymes activity, innate immunity and disease resistance in the Indian minor carp Barbodes carnaticus (Jerdon, 1849) was evaluated over a period of 90 days in soil based cement tanks. B. carnaticus recorded higher weight gain after feeding MOS incorporated diets, with no differ...

•Argulosis, a disease caused by Argulus spp. of ectoparasites in scaly fish, is a global concern for aquaculture industry.•The resistance of the parasite to anti-parasitic drugs and the quantum of loss has been felt world-wide.•The current scenario of management and the development in vaccination are discussed herewith.

Aim An immunoproteomic approach was followed to identify immunoreactive antigens of fish ectoparasite, Argulus siamensis with rohu (Labeo rohita) immune sera for screening of potential vaccine candidates. Materials and results The whole adult Argulus antigen was run in 2D electrophoresis with IEF in 7 cm IPG strips of pH 4‐7 and SDS‐PAGE with 12%...

Dactylogyrus is one of the major parasites ubiquitously present in the aquatic environment causing severe economic loss. The present study documented a new species of Dactylogyrus from India infecting the Indian major carp, i.e. rohu (Labeo rohita) both in natural and experimental conditions. The 18 s and 28 s rDNA sequence analyses revealed the pr...

Aeromonas hydrophila is an opportunistic pathogen that causes enormous loss to aquaculture industry. The outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas help in bacterium-host interaction, and are considered to be potential vaccine candidates. In the present study, we evaluated immunogenicity and protective efficacy of recombinant OmpC (rOmpC) of A. hydrophil...

Co-infections in fish by the wide array of pathogens have been little researched, although such infections are commonly noticed in nature. A murrel farm recorded 100% mortality in adults of Channa striata within 3-4 days of infection during winter. The clinical signs included cloudy eyes, excess mucus secretion, haemorrhages on the body, lethargy a...

Linker histone H1 (LHH1) is an abundant nuclear protein that condenses chromatin to form higher-order structure. The present study reported cloning and sequencing of 942 bp of LHH1 from liver tissue of rohu, Labeo rohita, with a complete coding sequence of 792 bp of having 263 amino acids. The phylogenetic tree of L. rohita LHH1 (LrLHH1) shared max...

Natural killer enhancing factor (NKEF) of peroxiredoxin family is an important innate immune molecule with having anti-oxidant activity. Although this gene has already been studied in a few fish species, it is yet to be identified and functionally characterised in Indian major carps. In the present study, the complete NKEF-B cDNA of rohu, Labeo roh...

Infectious spleen and kidney necrosis virus (ISKNV), a type species of the genus Megalocytivirus, poses a threat to ornamental fish trade as most cases show nonspecific symptoms, thus making timely diagnosis challenging. Apparently health molly (Poecilia sphenops) and angelfish (Pterophyllum scalare) collected from two distinct geographic localitie...

Lectins are proteins that bind to the carbohydrate moieties on surface of bacteria, erythrocytes and other cells of invertebrates causing agglutination and mediate in recognition of foreign substances. In the present study, we isolated and characterized a lectin molecule present in the hemolymph of Macrobrachium rosenbergii, an important cultured f...

Most environmental parameters have no consistent effect on the expression of bacterial genes responsible for their virulence. However, as fish are poikilothermic, the possibility of temperature variation having a pronounced effect on the expression of virulence-associated gene(s) of bacteria infecting the host needs to be investigated. In this stud...

During the period 2014-18, a total of 219 cases of fish mortalities were being investigated under a passive surveillance programme. Among different disease incidences parasitic diseases were found to the major contributor accounting for 74.88% cases followed by bacterial diseases of 12.79%, mixed bacterial and parasitic diseases of 10.50% and viral...

Koi sleepy disease caused by carp edema virus (CEV) of pox virus is a potential carp killer and poses a constant threat to co-cultured fish. Only limited studies are available on its occurrence from the eastern part of India. Here, we report a large-scale mortality of koi carps (Cyprinus carpio koi) in ornamental fish farm of Choudwar, Cuttack, Odi...

Apolipoprotein A-I is an anti-inflammatory, antioxidative, cardioprotective, anti-tumorigenic, and anti-diabetic in mammals. Apolipoprotein A-I also regulates innate immune defense mechanisms in vertebrates and invertebrates. Apolipoproteins A-I from mammals and several teleosts display antibacterial activities against Gram negative and Gram positi...

Argulus spp. are economically important fish ectoparasites. The development of antiparasitic drugs is thus important and real time PCR is an indispensable tool in drug development. The analytical potential of RT-PCR depends upon accurate normalisation by the use of stable reference genes. Here, we identified stable reference genes of Argulus siamen...

The complement component 9 (C9) plays a significant role in the formation of membrane attack complex (MAC) on the targeted cell surface. The current study is dealt with molecular characterization of C9 gene from rohu, Labeo rohita, an important cultured carp species in India. An open reading frame (ORF) of 1998 bp was amplified by polymerase chain...

Hepcidin, an antimicrobial peptide produced in the liver, also regulates iron balance and recycling in vertebrates. To study the antibacterial activity of Labeo rohita hepcidin (LrHep), full-length cDNA of LrHep was cloned. The 800 bp amplicon contained an open reading frame of 276 bp, encoding 91 amino acids including a signal peptide of 24 amino...

Piscine nodavirus is the causative agent of viral encephalopathy and retinopathy in marine and freshwater fish worldwide. The present investigation was carried out to know the persistence and diversity of betanodavirus in wild healthy seabass seeds around east and west coasts of India from three major landing sites. The seeds obtained from two coas...

Lysozyme, an important secretory innate immune component, possesses antimicrobial activity against broad spectrum of bacteria and viruses. In the present study, complete CDs (558 bps) of g-type lysozyme of rohu (Labeo rohita) was amplified and translated for a putative protein of 185 amino acids. The domain architecture and tertiary structure was a...

A study was undertaken to develop a western blot method for detection of immunogenic proteins of fish ectoparasite, Argulus siamensis for its further use as potential vaccine candidates. Argulus antigens were prepared by homogenization and injected to rohu (Labeo rohita) juveniles for development of immune serum. The serum was used to immunostain t...

Ceruloplasmin is an ancient multicopper oxidase evolved to insure a safe handling of oxygen in some metabolic pathways of vertebrates. The current knowledge of its structure provides a glimpse of its plasticity, revealing a multitude of binding sites that point to an elaborate mechanism of multifunctional activity. Ceruloplasmin is highly conserved...

The outer-membrane proteins (OMPs) of Aeromonas hydrophila, an imperative fish pathogen accountable for massive economic losses to aquaculture industry, are found to be immunogenic and considered as potential vaccine candidates. In spite of development in the formulation of vaccine candidates against Aeromonas infection, no commercial preparation h...

The knowledge of mucosa-associated molecular events that occur during infections is scarce despite the well-established importance of mucus in fish immunity. Using qRT-PCR, we analyzed the immune gene expression patterns in mucus of Labeo rohita experimentally infected with an ectoparasite Argulus siamensis. Mucus samples were collected at 0 h, 12...

Aeromonas hydrophila is responsible for causing fatal infections in freshwater fishes. Besides chemical/antibiotic treatment and whole-cell vaccine, no subunit vaccine is currently available for A. hydrophila. Outer membrane proteins of gram-negative bacteria have been reported as effective vaccine candidates. Peptide antigens elicit focused immune...

Demand and production of freshwater pearl mussel Lamellidens marginalis (Lamarck, 1819) have increased many folds in the last few decades. There are only very scanty reports of infective agents and their pathogenicity affecting this particular mussel species. Heavy infestation and mortality of L. marginalis were observed in the ponds of Freshwater...

Global aquaculture production of Channa striata has increased from 480 tons in 1950 to 17847 tons in 2014 and it is expected to be the species of interest in aquaculture in near future. The process of intensification of its culture practices has led to emergence or appearance of many diseases in stressful conditions, thus leading to large scale mor...

Although vaccination and post-vaccination studies have gained considerable importance in the field of aquaculture diseases, little is understood about the mechanism of immune-protection in vaccinated fish following infection. In the present study, an attempt was made to discover the mechanism of protection rendered by a modified adjuvant-based reco...

Parasite species often show a heterogeneous, highly dispersed pattern of infestation within hosts. Varieties of factors including morphological, physiological, immunological and nutritional characteristics affect the infestation level of a specific parasite in homogenous pray. Limited attempts, however, have been made to explore such underlying dri...

The fish has a strong innate immune system, and antimicrobial peptides play a major role in fish innate immunity, providing potential defence against broad spectrum of fish pathogens. Apolipoproteins,that are abundant proteins of plasma, playing important role in lipid transport and metabolism, also have potential antimicrobial activity. The presen...

Argulus spp. are important ectoparasites of fish, and the current approach of their control using chemical pesticides has numerous drawbacks. Vaccination is a promising alternative but identification of protective antigens is a limiting step. The ribosomal protein P0, essential for protein synthesis, has been studied as a vaccine candidate. We gene...

Systomus sarana (Hamilton, 1822) (weight; 370 g; length: 29.0 cm ) obtained from a carp polyculture pond revealed presence of a solid nodular tumorous mass on right dorso-lateral side of the body. Surgical excision and further histopathological examination of the focal non-invasive mass revealed that the tumor is a fibroma covered by thick stratifi...

The book is all about the inception, planning, execution, product development, on-farm trials and dissemination of India's first genetically improved rohu "Jayanti" produced through selective breeding at ICAR-Central Institute of Freshwater Aquaculture (ICAR-CIFA). The experiences along with the lessons learnt all are compiled in this book so that...

Canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2) comprises three major antigenic variants CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. Their mutated variants in geographically distinct locations need to be investigated to understand viral evolution and for development of effective management measures. In the present study, 71 faecal and 12 blood samples from suspected dogs in the s...

Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I) is the most abundant and multifunctional high-density lipoprotein (HDL) having a major role in lipid transport and potent antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microbes. In this study, a complete CDS of 771 bp of Labeo rohita (rohu) ApoA-I (LrApoA-I) encoding a protein of 256 amino acids was amplified, cloned an...

This outbreak report details of a mortality event where cyprinid herpes virus-2 (CyHV-2) was detected in association with multidrug-resistant Aeromonas hydrophila infection in goldfish, Carassius auratus, from commercial farms. The goldfish exhibited large scale hemorrhages on the body, fins and gills, lepidorthosis, necrosed gills, protruded anus...

Branchiuran ectoparasites of the genus Argulus can have extensive damaging effects on cultured fish. There exist no systematic studies that evaluate susceptibility or resistance of various carp species to Argulus sp. and the underlying mechanisms. The present study aimed at identifying the most susceptible and resistant cultured species, studying s...

Abstract: Giant freshwater prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii is an important freshwater crustacean widely cultured in several countries and is the most cultured freshwater prawn species in India. Of late, its production has come down due to slow growth rate and disease occurrences. The Central Institute Freshwater Aquaculture (CIFA), Bhubaneswar in...

Interleukin-10, an important regulator of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, is a multifunctional major cytokine. Though it is one of the major cytokines, IL-10 from the Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, has not yet been characterized. In the present study, we report large scale production and purification of biologically active recombinan...

Recombinant IL-10 of Labeo rohita was resolved by 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis and the spots numbers 1-3 shown in Fig. 2A were subjected to MALDI-TOF-MS analysis for protein identification. For this, the spots were carefully excised out from the polyacrylamide gel using a sterile salpel and subjected to trypsin digestion. The tryptic digests w...

The reference intervals for haematological and innate immune response variables of healthy adult yellow catfish Horabagrus brachysoma raised in captivity were determined. Reference ranges were established for all parameters and significant (P < 0.05) seasonal variations in most of the haematological and innate immune parameters were observed. Total...

This study reports presence of IgZ transcripts, its ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression following various stimulations/infections in rohu. The derived rohu IgZ sequence clustered together with IgZ of Ctenopharyngodon idella and Cyprinus carpio in phylogenetic analysis. IgZ expression was detected at early developmental stages with higher e...

Antimicrobial peptides are considered as effector immune molecules and during last decades, many workers have demonstrated the significant role and mechanism of hepcidin (hamp), an antimicrobial peptide in regulating the absorption, transport, storage and mobilization of iron. In the present work, hepcidin cDNA was cloned, sequenced and characteriz...

Aim: An epidemiological study of canine parvovirus infection in dogs in and around Bhubaneswar, Odisha was conducted between December 2012 to March 2013 and prevalence rate was studied on the basis of age, breed, and sex. Materials and methods: A total of 71 fecal samples from suspected diarrheic dogs were collected in sterile phosphate buffer s...

β-glucan binding protein (βGBP), a pattern recognition protein was purified from the haemolymph of freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii by heparin affinity chromatography that showed a single band in native gradient PAGE. The β-glucan binding property of the purified protein was confirmed in a phenoloxidase (PO) assay, where addition of βGBP...

Interleukin 15 (IL-15) is an important cytokine of fish immune system. Sequence characterization of IL-15 from rohu, Labeo rohita revealed a mRNA sequence of 1064 bp with coding sequence of 567 bp and signal peptide of 16 amino acids. There are four characteristic sequence features viz., presence of four out-of-frame AUG initiation codons, four hig...

A set of 221 contigs containing simple sequence repeats (SSR) that were identified from mRNA-seq data of rohu (Labeo rohita) generated twenty-seven polymorphic SSRs out of which 17 had significant homology to known genes. The number of alleles per locus and observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 2 to 6 and 0.066–0.846, respectively whereas the ex...

Bacterial diseases cause significant losses in many shrimp and prawn hatcheries worldwide. Vibrios in particular cause heavy mortalities and are ubiquitous and predominant pathogens in prawn culture environment. In lieu of any permanent preventive measures, selective breeding for developing disease resistant strain remains to be one of the approach...

Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is a pleiotropic cytokine and plays an important role in inflammation, immunoregulation and the pathogenesis of various diseases. Therefore, it is our interest to isolate, clone, sequence and characterize IL-10 gene from the fish Labeo rohita (Lr). The gene was amplified using genomic DNA isolated from head kidney with primer...

The immunomodulatory effect of garlic–mineral oil as a modified adjuvant was investigated in rohu, Labeo rohita along with formalin-killed Aeromonas hydrophila. The garlic extract was not having any proteolytic effect on the tested antigen as marked in SDS-PAGE. The efficacy of graded levels of modified adjuvant formulation was assessed by measurin...

A total of 137,629 contigs generated via de novo transcriptome assembly from resistant and susceptible lines of rohu (first generation) raised against aeromoniasis were further analyzed in terms of defence-related genes. Out of 1,939 contigs showing homology to genes involved in immune processes, 1,866 were further categorised into different functi...

Heat shock protein (Hsp) genes are stress-related genes that activate the host immune system during infection. Hsp genes expression in fish, studied during bacterial infections, is mostly confined to Hsp70 and Hsp90. The present study is an expression analysis of seven Hsp genes: Apg2, Hsp90, Hsp70, glucose-regulated protein 78 (Grp78), heat shock...

High incidence of mortality in carps was noticed in a polyculture fish farm situated in Orissa, India during March 2009 accounting for cumulative mortality of nearly 2% per day. The infected fish revealed gross ulcerative lesions on skin with erosion of scales and fin-and tail-rot. Acute tubular and diffused interstitial necrosis was observed in ki...

Selective breeding of rohu, Labeo rohita to Aeromonas hydrophila infection requires a challenge model to obtain LD50 dose and study of bacterial persistence in survivors' tissues. Fish were bath challenged with various routes viz., only immersion, after scale removal (with and without high stocking), after skin abrasion (with and without high stock...

Aquaculture is the fastest growing food producing sector in the world. How-ever, diseases result in a major loss in production. Among the several management tech-niques, selective breeding for resistant trait is one of the most reliable methods and provides long-term control over disease problems. Field survival or challenge survival records provid...

Toll-like receptor 22 (TLR22) is present in teleost but not in mammals. Among Indian farmed carps, Catla catla is relatively more resistant than Labeo rohita to Argulus siamensis lice infection. TLR22 is believed to be associated with innate immunity against ectoparasite infection. To investigate the TLR22 mediated immunity against argulosis, we ha...

Background Production of carp dominates world aquaculture. More than 1.1 million tonnes of rohu carp, Labeo rohita (Hamilton), were produced in 2010. Aeromonas hydrophila is a bacterial pathogen causing aeromoniasis in rohu, and is a major problem for carp production worldwide. There is a need to better understand the genetic mechanisms affecting r...

Despite the importance and success of developing a candidate vaccine against Aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish, little is known about the molecular mechanisms of the vaccine-induced immunoprotection in Indian major carp, Labeo rohita, primarily due to lack of information on most of the immune related genes of the species. In this study, a nove...

##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END##

In the present article, immunoglobulin (Ig) of Puntius sarana (a vulnerable medium carp species) was purified by affinity chromatography, characterized, and identified as only IgM type with a native molecular weight of 879 kDa having one heavy (88 kDa) and one light (26 kDa) chain. Further, the developed rabbit antisera against IgM was found to be...

The monogenean ectoparasite, Dactylogyrus sp. is a major pathogen in freshwater aquaculture. The immune responses in parasitized fish were analyzed by quantitation of innate immune factors (natural agglutinin level, haemolysin titre, antiprotease, lysozyme and myeloperoxidase activities) in serum and immune-relevant gene expression in gill and ante...

##Assembly-Data-START## Sequencing Technology :: Sanger dideoxy sequencing ##Assembly-Data-END##

Porins, the outer membrane proteins of gram negative bacteria, perform vital roles in bacterial survival and virulence, such as nutrient transportation across the membrane as well as adhesion to host cells during infection. The outer membrane proteins, OmpF and OmpC, are part of a two-component regulatory system, essential for the maintenance of so...

The present study was conducted to evaluate the haematological parameters in parvo virus infected dogs and the gross and microscopic changes in the tissues of cases dying due to this infection. The haematology revealed low mean values of haemoglobin, total leukocyte count, total erythrocyte count, packed cell volume. The gross changes were found to...

Kalbasu, Labeo calbasu (Hamilton) reared under natural conditions were examined for variation in selected innate immune parameters during three different seasons of a year. The reference ranges for the innate immune parameters viz.. lysozyme, peroxidase, ceruloplasmin, antiprotease and alternative complement haemolytic activitiy, superoxide product...

Argulus siamensis is the most damaging fish parasite prevalent in the freshwater aquaculture systems of India. In an attempt to further understand the behavior of this economically important parasite, the means of biological transmission, egg laying strategies and effect of temperature on development of eggs was studied. A. siamensis showed opportu...

Argulus siamensis is a major ectoparasitic pathogen of freshwater fish capable of causing substantial economic loss. None of the available control measures have been able to address the problem of argulosis resourcefully. To combat this pathogen effectively, it is necessary to have a comprehensive understanding of its life processes with informatio...

Argulus siamensis is a major pathogen in freshwater aquaculture. The immune responses of Indian major carp, Labeo rohita to experimental infection of A. siamensis was evaluated by quantitation of immune-relevant gene expression in head kidney and skin, and serum innate immune parameters through the course of infection. In skin of infected fish, ant...

The immunoglobulin (Ig) from the serum of Channa striata was isolated by gel electroelution and characterized further to understand its nature and subsequent applications in studying the immune response. The purity of the sample was confirmed with the presence of a single band on native gradient PAGE and the molecular weight of ∼897 kDa was determi...

The present study was conducted to isolate, identify, characterize and to determine the enzymatic activities of the thermophiles from Atri hot spring of odisha. The optimal temperature for growth of these isolates was 55°C and the optimal pH was 8. These bacterial cells were Gram positive rods and endospore forming. All the strains were amylase, ca...

A study on vitellogenin (Vtg), the egg yolk precursor protein from Asian catfish, Clarias batrachus was undertaken. Vtg synthesis was induced in male C. batrachus by three intraperitoneal injections of 17β-estradiol (E2). It was purified from E2-induced plasma by precipitation with EDTA and MgCl2 followed by gel filtration chromatography on Sephacr...

Argulosis caused by crustacean ectoparasites of the genus Argulus is one of the parasitic diseases that pose a major threat to freshwater aquaculture industry around the globe. The actual loss incurred due to this disease has gone mostly unnoticed. In the present study, economic burden imposed by Argulus sp. in carp culture ponds in India was estim...