P. L. Iglesias-Rey

Universitat Politècnica de València | UPV · Department of Hydraulic Engineering and Environment

El acceso al agua potable en cantidad y calidad aceptable es uno de los derechos reconocidos por la ONU y la OMS. De hecho, está explícitamente recogido en el Objetivo de Desarrollo Sostenible ODS 6, Agua Limpia y Saneamiento. Si bien en la Unión Europea este objetivo se considera alcanzado, en algunos casos ha habido problemas relacionados con la...

Los sistemas de distribución de agua (SDA) se diseñan para un estado de funcionamiento máximo, garantizando en todos los casos determinadas condiciones de funcionamiento (caudal máximo y presión mínima). Sin embargo, estas condiciones de funcionamiento tienen una frecuencia de ocurrencia muy baja. Es posible por tanto que gran parte del tiempo se s...

Extreme rainfall events cause immense damage in cities where drainage networks are nonexistent or deficient and thus unable to transport rainwater. Infrastructure adaptations can reduce flooding and help the population avoid the associated negative consequences. Consequently, it is imperative to develop suitable mathematical models rooted in a thor...

A proper pumping station (PS) design should consider multiple criteria, such as technical, economic, and environmental aspects. The analytic hierarchy process (AHP) method can be applied for multi-criteria analysis in this type of engineering design, and it is based on the judgment of a group of experts for the criteria considered. On the other han...

Mapas De Infactibilidad Como Herramienta Para Reducir El Espacio De Soluciones En El Dimensionado Óptimo De Una Estación De Bombeo

Analysis and design of siphonic roof drainage systems are usually performed with specific software developed by the system’s manufacturers. An experimental study was carried out to verify if a general software for the analysis of hydraulic pressurized pipe networks can be used to analyze a siphonic roof drainage system. A test model was built and t...

The design of pumping stations in a water distribution network determines the investment costs and affects a large part of the operating costs of the network. In recent years, it was shown that it is possible to use flow distribution to optimize both costs concurrently; however, the methodologies proposed in the literature are not applicable to rea...

One of the main factors contributing to water scarcity is water loss in water distribution systems, which mainly arises from a lack of adequate knowledge in the design process, optimization of water availability, and poor maintenance/management of the system. Thus, from the perspective of sustainable and integrated management of water resources, it...

This paper presents an innovative and comprehensive methodology considering yearly demand variability and environmental factors in the design of pumping stations serving closed water distribution systems. While a single daily pattern of demand is typically considered for the design in most cases in the literature, the new methodology considers a se...

Over time, cities have grown, developing various activities and accumulating important economic assets. Floods are a problem that worry city administrators who seek to make cities more resilient and safer. This increase in flood events is due to different causes: poor planning, population increase, aging of networks, etc. However, the two main caus...

In water distribution networks, the adjustment of the driving curves of pumping systems to the setpoint curves allows for determining the minimum energy cost that can be achieved in terms of pumping. This paper presents the methodology for calculating the optimal setpoint curves in water networks with multiple pumping systems, pressure dependent an...

The sizing of air valves during the air expulsion phase in rapid filling processes is crucial for design purposes. Mathematical models have been developed to simulate the behaviour of air valves during filling processes for air expulsion, utilising 1D and 2D schemes. These transient events involve the presence of two fluids with different propertie...

The investment and operating costs of pumping stations in drinking water distribution networks are some of the highest public costs in urban sectors. Generally, these systems are designed based on extreme scenarios. However, in periods of normal operation, extra energy is produced, thereby generating excess costs. To avoid this problem, this work p...

Pumping station (PS) designs in water networks basically contemplate technical and economic aspects. Technical aspects could be related to the number of pumps in PS and the operational modes of PS. Meanwhile, economic aspects could be related to all the costs that intervene in a PS design, such as investment, operational and maintenance costs. In g...

This paper proposes a methodology for the layout selection of an urban drainage system as an extension to the methodology for an optimal sewer network design proposed by Duque, Duque, Aguilar, & Saldarriaga. The layout selection approach proposed in this paper uses an objective function that takes into account all input data in the problem, such as...

In recent years, a significant increase in the number of extreme rains around the world has been observed, which has caused an overpressure of urban drainage networks. The lack of capacity to evacuate this excess water generates the need to rehabilitate drainage systems. There are different rehabilitation methodologies that have proven their validi...

The pumping station is a very important hydraulic system in urban water supplies because the pumps raise the water head, ensuring the minimum pressure required in drinking water systems. In the design of a pumping station, one of the most important criteria is the number of pumps. However, in the traditional design, this criterion is defined arbitr...

A problem for drainage systems managers is the increase in extreme rain events that are increasing in various parts of the world. Their occurrence produces hydraulic overload in the drainage system and consequently floods. Adapting the existing infrastructure to be able to receive extreme rains without generating consequences for cities’ inhabitant...

The control system’s point is to bring the pumping curve close to the set-point curve. That concept is essential for proper design of a pumping station. An adequate design is focused not only on selecting the total number of pumps and the type of control to use (flow or pressure), but it also is important to determine the optimal number of fixed sp...

The excess pressure available in water distribution networks (WDNs) is a relevant aspect in the management and appropriate handling of water resources. If a WDN meets the minimum performance criteria (minimum pressure and maximum flow), excess pressure can occur throughout the day, which is usually lost. These excesses could be considered as potent...

Based on some biological mechanisms to find solutions Genetic Algorithms demonstrate robustness and efficacy to solve optimization problems. However, one of the problems faced by this type of heuristic is that the efficiency of the algorithm decreases when applied to real-world problems due to the large space that it must explore to find an optimal...

Water distribution networks are considered as large energy consumers and usually have excess of energy that, in a classical methodology, are evaluated from the difference between the pressure and the minimum required (potential energy recovery, PRE). These excesses could be recovered either by the users (consumers) of the system (PREu) or by the ma...

In recent years, there has been an increase in the frequency of urban floods as a result of three determinant factors: the reduction in systems' capacity due to aging, a changing environment that has resulted in alterations in the hydrological cycle, and the reduction of the permeability of watersheds due to urban growth. Due to this, a question th...

The paper presents the results of the Battle of Postdisaster Response and Restoration (BPDRR) presented in a special session at the first International water distribution systems analysis & computing and control in the water industry (WDSA/CCWI) Joint Conference, held in Kingston, Ontario, Canada, in July 2018. The BPDRR problem focused on how to r...

Water temperature is often monitored at water sources and treatment works; however, there is limited monitoring of the water temperature in the drinking water distribution system (DWDS), despite a known impact on physical, chemical and microbial reactions which impact water quality. A key parameter influencing drinking water temperature is soil tem...

The Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) of the United Nations mentions that extreme rainfalls might increase their intensity and frequency in most mid-latitude locations and tropical regions by the end of this century, as a consequence of the rise of the average global surface temperature. Human act...

Proper design of a pumping system requires the use of a pump curve and set-point curve system. Both have to be as close as possible to optimize energy use. This is achieved by control systems in which the type of control (flow or pressure) and the combination between fixed speed drive (FSD) pumps and variable speed drive (VSD) pumps are involved. T...

Filling and emptying processes are common maneuvers while operating, controlling and managing water pipeline systems. Currently, these operations are executed following recommendations from technical manuals and pipe manufacturers; however, these recommendations have a lack of understanding about the behavior of these processes. The application of...

RESUMEN Se presenta un caso de estudio correspondiente al abastecimiento de agua potable de la cabecera cantonal de Guano, en la provincia de Chimborazo en Ecuador. La red actual fue construida hace más de 50 años y presenta graves problemas de presión, con un 21% de los nudos con presiones por debajo del límite inferior establecido por la normativ...

The drainage network always needs to adapt to environmental and climatic conditions to provide best quality services. Rehabilitation combining pipes substitution and storm tanks installation appears to be a good solution to overcome this problem. Unfortunately, the calculation time of such a rehabilitation scenario is too elevated for single-object...

Drainage networks are civil constructions which do not generally attract the attention of decision-makers. However, they are of crucial importance for cities; this can be seen when a city faces floods resulting in extensive and expensive damage. The increase of rain intensity due to climate change may cause deficiencies in drainage networks built f...

The drainage networks of our cities are currently experiencing a growing increase in runoff flows, caused mainly by the waterproofing of the soil and the effects of climate change. Consequently, networks originally designed correctly must endure floods with frequencies much higher than those considered in the design phase. The solution of such a pr...

The analysis of transient flow is necessary to design adequate protection systems that support the oscillations of pressure produced in the operation of motor elements and regulation. Air valves are generally used in pressurized water pipes to manage the air inside them. Under certain circumstances, they can be used as an indirect control mechanism...

Emptying pipelines can be critical in many water distribution networks because subatmospheric pressure troughs could cause considerable damage to the system due to the expansion of entrapped air. Researchers have given relatively little attention to emptying processes compared to filling processes. The intricacy of computations of this phenomenon m...

p class="Resumen">El proceso de vaciado en conducciones de agua genera depresiones por la expansión del aire en el interior de las tuberías y esto podría causar el colapso del sistema dependiendo de las condiciones de instalación y de la rigidez de la conducción. En este artículo se presenta el análisis de sensibilidad del modelo matemático desarro...

The cost of pumping is one of the most significant operational expenditures in a water distribution network. When a network has multiple water sources, which are associated with pumping stations, it may be possible to optimize those costs. One way to minimize costs is to determine the optimal flow rate for each pumping station and for every point o...

The problem presented in this edition of the Battle of the Water Networks is to define district metering areas (DMAs) in a large network. The problem is addressed in two phases. First, the complexity of the network is simplified by dividing it into three operational areas. Second, an optimization algorithm defines DMAs, looking for the best feasibl...

This paper presents a mathematical model for analyzing the emptying process in a pipeline using pressurized air. The rigid water column model (RWCM) is used to analyze the transient phenomena that occur during the emptying of the pipeline. The air-water interface is also computed in the proposed model. The proposed model is applied along a 271.6-m-...

One of the main concerns in many cities is the need to rehabilitate or expand their drainage systems. Increasing rainfall intensities related with climate change, uncontrolled growth and excessive waterproofing of cities causes that original drainage networks design have became insufficient. Inadequate drainage networks make necessary to develop re...

The optimal sizing in water distribution networks (WDN) is of great interest because it allows the selection of alternative economical solutions that ensure design requirements at nodes (demands and pressure) and at lines (velocities). Among all the available design methodologies, this work analyzes those based on evolutionary algorithms (EAs).

EPANET is probably the most widespread model for water distribution network (WDN). More than twenty years after its appearance, it has become a global reference both for hydraulic and quality analysis of water networks. In 2000, EPANET 2 appears, which includes as most important computational feature a new Toolkit. This toolkit was a library of fun...

Hydraulic models of water supply networks are widely used by utility companies to assist in decision making. The reliability of the model strongly depends on the quality of its calibration, that is, the correspondence between the measure variables and the calculated ones. When dealing the model is static, the calibration is easy to reach for averag...

A mathematical model is a powerful tool for simulating different scenarios that occur in a water distribution network without making physical experimentation. According to the objectives, a model can be classified into three categories: layout, design and operation. Furthermore, the level of detail is strongly related to the objective that the mode...

Storm tanks are an increasingly solution used to control floods caused by the increase of runoff flows generated by rain. To expedite the construction of these infrastructures and reduce downtime of urban supplies plastic modular elements as basic building structures are used. This paper presents the characterization of this sort of modular element...

One of the most important concerns within the field of urban hydraulic engineers is the right management of water resources. When there is more than one water source, there is a question that must be answered: How much water should be provided by each water source according to the demand curve of the network? This work proposes a methodology that s...

Uno de retos derivados de la puesta en marcha del Espacio Europeo de Educación Superior es la búsqueda de nuevos métodos de evaluación y aprendizaje. En este trabajo se plantea una nueva iniciativa de aprendizaje basada en proyectos y en una evaluación competitiva de los alumnos en sus conocimientos relacionados con el análisis y planificación de l...

Pressure reducing valves (PRVs) are a widely used device for controlling water distribution systems. The behavior of these valves is based on a chamber where inlet and outlet water are controlled. Proportional pressure reducing valves (PPRVs) are a variation of PRVs where the control system is a direct connection between the chamber and the point d...

Different Population-based Algorithms (PbAs) have been used in recent years to solve all types of optimization problems related to water resource issues. However, the performances of these techniques depend heavily on correctly setting some specific parameters that guide the search for solutions. The initial random population size P is the only par...

The optimal function of a water distribution network is reached when the consumer demands are satisfied using the lowest quantity of energy, maintaining the minimal pressure required at the same time. One way to achieve this is through optimization of flow rate injection based on the use of the setpoint curve concept. In order to obtain that, a met...

Design of sewer systems has been traditionally performed using the normal flow regime. However, dynamic wave models can also be used to make the hydraulic calculation of sanitary and storm water systems. The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a hydraulic model developed by the USEPA whose use is increasing nowadays. This paper presents an enhan...

RESUMEN: El análisis de una tubería simple presenta una serie de particularidades que no pueden ser ignoradas durante el proceso de vaciado. Este trabajo presenta el estudio y la modelación del problema del vaciado para tres (3) casos diferentes: Caso 1, una tubería simple con el extremo aguas arriba abierto; Caso 2, una tubería simple con el extre...

This dataset contains a Toolkit for interfacing SWMM that allows the modification of network data during simulation directly without the need to access the input file. This Toolkit has been tested in order to evaluate both calculation time and accuracy of results. Finally, this library was used for the design of a sewerage network by using a geneti...

The Storm Water Management Model (SWMM) is a dynamic simulation engine of flow in sewer systems developed by the USEPA. It has been successfully used for analyzing and designing both storm water and waste water systems. However, despite including some interfacing functions, these functions are insufficient for certain simulations. This paper descri...

This paper presents a methodology for optimizing the operations of water distribution networks. The methodology combines the use of best management practices with a pseudogenetic algorithm, and has been applied to solve the problem of the battle of background leakage assessment for water networks. This problem involves more than 70,000 decision var...

The objective of this work was to performed a detailed study of the actual behavior of different valves (air intake and exhaust). The first part of the work describes the different experimental techniques used to characterize the valves. The second part uses an air valve bench test developed by Bermad CS at its Evron factory, Israel, to perform sta...

This paper presents a modified Shuffled Frog Leaping Algorithm (SFLA) applied to the design of water distribution networks. Generally, one of the major disadvantages of the traditional SFLA is the high number of parameters that need to be calibrated for proper operation of the algorithm. A method for calibrating these parameters is presented and ap...

The objective of this work was to performed a detailed study of the actual behavior of different valves (air intake and exhaust). The first part of the work describes the different experimental techniques used to characterize the valves. The second part uses an air valve bench test developed by Bermad CS at its Evron factory, Israel, to perform sta...

RESUMEN El diseño de redes de distribución de agua mediante algoritmos evolutivos es de gran interés, puesto que permite la búsqueda de soluciones económicas alternativas que cumplen una serie de requisitos de diseño. Sin embargo, las técnicas evolutivas disponibles son numerosas y hasta la fecha no existen metodologías que permitan comparar unas c...

The pipe sizing of water networks via evolutionary algorithms is of great interest because it allows the selection of alternative economical solutions that meet a set of design requirements. However, available evolutionary methods are numerous, and methodologies to compare the performance of these methods beyond obtaining a minimal solution for a g...

This work aims to study in detail the methods of experimental characterization of air valves. In the first part, different experimental techniques are compared to the measurements made in the Air Valves Test Bench built by Bermad CS at its factory in Evron (Israel). The second part deals with the study of a collection of commercial air valves from...

The paper presents a solution to the problem of the Battle of Background Leakage Assessment for Water Networks (BBLAWN) using a methodology that combines the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and an optimization model based on a Pseudo-Genetic Algorithm (PGA) as described in [1]. In a first stage, an analysis of marginal costs of pipes whose...

Water distribution networks were included in the catalogue of critical infrastructures by different institutions as the European Council. One of the vulnerabilities of a water distribution networks consists of the contamination due to accidental or provoked events. Therefore, it is increasingly common to develop water quality models which allow the...

The Battle of the Water Networks II (BWN-II) is the latest of a series of competitions related to the design and operation of water distribution systems (WDSs) undertaken within the Water Distribution Systems Analysis (WDSA) Symposium series. The BWN-II problem specification involved a broadly defined design and operation problem for an existing ne...

Water distribution networks were included in the catalogue of critical infrastructures by different institutions as the European Council. One of the vulnerabilities of a water distribution networks consists of the contamination due to accidental or provoked events. Therefore, it is increasingly common to develop water quality models which allow the...

The paper presents a solution to the problem of the Battle of Background Leakage Assessment for Water Networks (BBLAWN) using a methodology that combines the use of Best Management Practices (BMPs) and an optimization model based on a Pseudo-Genetic Algorithm (PGA) as described in [1]. The problem presents more than 70 000 decision variables. Such...

This work aims to study in detail the methods of experimental characterization of air valves. In the first part, different experimental techniques are compared to the measurements made in the Air Valves Test Bench built by Bermad CS at its factory in Evron (Israel). The second part deals with the study of a collection of commercial air valves from...

Genetic algorithms (GA) are optimization techniques that are widely used in the design of water distribution networks. One of the main disadvantages of GA is positional bias, which degrades the quality of the solution. In this study, a modified pseudo-genetic algorithm (PGA) is presented. In a PGA, the coding of chromosomes is performed using integ...

This work shows the development of a method for the optimal design of the proposed water network in "The Battle of the Water Networks II". The methodology combines the use of metaheuristics techniques with a previous concept for the simplification of a network: The setpoint curve. The application of heuristic techniques of optimization allows the s...