Óscar Ramón Ramos Gutiérrez

Universidad de Cantabria | UNICAN · Department of Mechanical & Structural Engineering

El puente Treng Treng Kay Kay es un puente atirantado asimétrico de 240 metros que conecta las comunas de Temuco y Padre Las Casas. Dado su carácter de puente no convencional, el SERVIU Región de La Araucanía encargó un estudio especializado que entregara las directrices necesarias para llevar a cabo inspecciones y mantenimientos en el puente atira...

Network arch bridges have inclined hangers with multiple intersections. The hanger force distribution is very sensitive to the construction tolerances. In order to guarantee correct hanger forces, the forces must be measured and adjusted during the construction. In the Manchuria Bridge, Chile the hanger forces were measured with strain gauges and b...

The Manchuria Bridge is a network arch with a span of 60.5 m, which was built in Curacautín, Chile in 2019. Due to the actual construction conditions, design modifications were necessary. The most important are: change of scaffold lowering method, hanger length adjustment without load, change of upper and lower hanger connection details, transverse...

The TrengTreng KayKay is an asymmetrical cable stayed bridge, with a total length of 240 m, spanning the Cautín River on the outskirts of the city of Temuco, in Chile. The two more outstanding elements of the bridge are the main span, 140 m long, over the river, and the concrete pylon, 70 m tall, which is made of two broken line columns bound at th...

Structural health monitoring uses different techniques to predict and diagnose the threat of failure in structures. Vibration-based approaches have demonstrated to be a useful tool in monitoring structures, being attractive for engineering working in this field. They use the intrinsic correlation between vibration response and damage symptoms. Thus...

The combined structural response of the ballasted track and the deck of railway bridges causes longitudinal forces and displacements that can affect the ultimate resistance of the rail or the serviceability of the bridge. Therefore, the resulting rail stresses and relative rail-deck displacements are limited according to the European design codes....

In keeping with the requirements of the latest standards for calculating structures and bridges in Spain, EHE 2008 and EAE 2011, the inspection and maintenance plan developed for the "Constitución de 1812” bridge, over the Cádiz bay, includes a section dedicated to the inspection of cracks that can appear in the steel deck. The estimation of the cr...

In keeping with the requirements of the latest standards for calculating structures and bridges in Spain, EHE 2008 and EAE 2011, the inspection and maintenance plan developed for the "Constitución de 1812” bridge, over the Cádiz bay, includes a section dedicated to the inspection of cracks that can appear in the steel deck. The estimation of the cr...

Se presenta la metodología de diseño sísmico de dos puentes de ferrocarril en California, conforme a los principios contenidos en la normativa Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria, la cual está basada en la protección por capacidad. Se pretende asegurar que el puente no colapsará durante el sismo, pero se acepta que se comportará inelásticamente durant...

Se presenta la metodología de diseño sísmico de dos puentes de ferrocarril en California, conforme a los principios contenidos en la normativa Caltrans Seismic Design Criteria, la cual está basada en la protección por capacidad. Se pretende asegurar que el puente no colapsará durante el sismo, pero se acepta que se comportará inelásticamente durant...

There is usually a high number of bridges within any road network. Every bridge itself has a big amount of associated information, which derives from the initial cadaster and increases considerably during the bridge’s lifetime with every inspection and maintenance work. For an efficient management of this information a computation system is require...

There is usually a high number of bridges within any road network. Every bridge itself has a big amount of associated information, which derives from the initial cadaster and increases considerably during the bridge’s lifetime with every inspection and maintenance work. For an efficient management of this information a computation system is require...

The Treng Treng – Kay Kay Bridge is a one pylon cable‐stayed bridge that crosses over the River Cautín and is located in Temuco, Chile. The deck, with a total length of 240 m, is composed of four minor spans and a main 140 m cablestayed span. It is 27 m wide carrying two traffic lanes and one sidewalk in each direction and an additional bike lane....

The Treng Treng – Kay Kay Bridge is a one pylon cable‐stayed bridge that crosses over the River Cautín and is located in Temuco, Chile. The deck, with a total length of 240 m, is composed of four minor spans and a main 140 m cablestayed span. It is 27 m wide carrying two traffic lanes and one sidewalk in each direction and an additional bike lane....

As required by the latest regulations, an inspection and maintenance plan has been drafted for “Constitución de 1812 bridge over the Cádiz bay” (Cadiz), which defines the tasks to be performed in the different elements of the bridge during its service life. The part of the plan related to the inspection of the steel structure has a section dedicate...

The viaduct over the A-45 (LAV), is a structure of 3 spans (30+70+30 m) of which the central span is made by means of a bowstring arch truss. The construction process is developed by launching the super structure, polygonally built in plant. Therefore, the position of the webs on the supports varies in both longitudinal and transverse positions....

The TrengTreng KayKay is a cable-stayed bridge that crosses the River Cautín and it is located on the outskirts of the city of Temuco, Chile. The broken line design of the pylon shape, 70 m high, is based on a local legend and it simulates the good and evil snakes biting each other. The structure is composed of four minor spans and the main one...

Para dar respuesta a los requerimientos de las normativas actuales se ha redactado un plan de inspección y mantenimiento para el Puente de la Constitución de 1812 sobre la Bahía de Cádiz (Cádiz) que define las tareas a realizar en los diferentes elementos del puente durante su vida útil. En el capítulo de inspección de la estructura metálica se ha...

Arch bridges can be classified into deck arch bridges (featuring arches below the deck) and through arch bridges (those with arches above the deck, generally tied arches). In all arch bridges, the structural difficulty can be found in the minimization of the misalignment of the arch axis and the line of thrust, as well as a sufficient bending and b...

Resumen El Puente de la Constitución de 1812 sobre la Bahía de Cádiz ha sido objeto de estudios y ensayos de viento propios de un puente de esta naturaleza, según las metodologías más avanzadas entre las que comprende el estado del arte. Se han realizado ensayos aeroelásticos en túnel de viento de capa límite de modelos de puente completo y durante...

Resumen La construcción del Puente de la Constitución de 1812 sobre la Bahía de Cádiz ha supuesto la suma de voluntades y esfuerzos de múltiples equipos de trabajo. Entre ellos, el Ministerio de Fomento encargó a APIA XXI realizar los trabajos de asistencia técnica para la supervisión estructural de las principales maniobras del proceso constructiv...

Concrete cracking in timber–concrete composite beams causes a stiffness reduction of the concrete and increases deformations and stresses. The consideration of this effect in design is indispensable, because otherwise an unsafe design is obtained. However, existing design recommendations range from ignoring the effect to suggesting a 60% stiffness...

Despite of widely implemented advances in TCC bridge technology, there are still no satisfying design recommendations that consider the influence of concrete cracking on the distribution of forces and deformation. A research project at Universidad Austral de Chile studied several aspects of concrete cracking in TCC bridges with timber beams of grea...

In the frame of a contract between the Chilean National Highway Authority, APIA XXI IAC S.A. and the Universidad Austral de Chile, all bridges of the Los Rios Region have been inspected for structural, functional and durability damages or deficiencies. The total number of bridges inspected is 600 and includes 95 composite bridges, 98 reinforced and...

The Guadalhorce Viaduct, built as part of the high-speed line Antequera-Peña de los Enamorados (south Spain), has a length of 2525,50 m and consists of 49 spans of 51,25 m length each. It is one of the longest bridges of its type in the country and is situated in a medium risk seismic zone. The superstructure consists of a continuous single-cell po...

TCC bridges are a more durable alternative to the very high number of conventional timber bridges en Chile's road network. In a research project, numerical analyses and laboratory tests were conducted in order to obtain the influence of concrete cracking in TCC beams. The results from the FEM simulations and from the shear tests indicate that the i...

The New Granada Bypass launches from the connection with the A-44 highway (one of the main access paths to Granada) and extends along the Vega de Granada Metropolitan Area. Regarding the highway overpasses, a careful design has been established according to the important aesthetic impact these structures have on the road users. This design consists...

In the frame of a contract between the Chilean National Highway Authority, APIA XXI IAC S.A. and the Universidad Austral de Chile, all bridges of the Los Rios Region have been inspected for structural, functional and durability damages or deficiencies. The total number of bridges inspected is 600 and includes 95 composite bridges, 98 reinforced and...

In Los Gallardos – Sorbas segment of the High Speed Railway between Murcia and Almería, there are 4 viaducts built span by span: Almocaizar Viaduct, Barranco Hondo Viaduct, La Gloria Viaduct and Barranco Los Giles Viaduct. This bridges are formed by a continuous concrete single-cell post-tensioned box-girder, erected span by span by means of a self...

The Ministry of Public Works in Kuwait awarded a contract for the Study, Design and Supervision of the Construction and Maintenance of the Regional Road North Part (Section 1) to the joint venture of Louis Berger SAS and Al Dowailah. Apia XXI has been assigned by Louis Berger SAS to undertake the design of the Interchanges 1 & 5.Interchange 1, situ...

The TrengTreng - KayKay Bridge is a cable-stayed bridge that crosses over the River Cautín and it is located on the outskirts of Temuco, Chile. The design of the pylon`s shape is based on a local legend and it represents two snakes, corresponding to good and evil, biting each other. The structure, with a total length of 240 m, is composed of four m...

The viaduct over Rego das Lamas is part of the Lalín (Baxán) – Lalín (Anzo) section of the High Velocity Railway between Orense and Santiago, which remains under the jurisdiction of ADIF. The viaduct is designed as a 245 meter, composite concrete-steel structure that allows crossing of the railway tracks over the AP-53 motorway by 80 m bowstring sp...

Experience in the field of design and structural analysis of high-speed railway bridges in the last 25 years needs to be fed back to the data obtained from the analysis of the actual behaviour of the structure after commissioning. Aspects as fundamental as the sizing of expansion joints, location of fixed points, the dynamic amplification due to re...

The viaduct over the Genil River is a road bridge built as part of the Albolote-Santa Fe Segment (Granada) of the A44 Highway in Sierra Nevada. It consists of three spans 15 m + 80 m + 15 m long making a total length of 110 m. Three concrete tied arches are placed in the main span. The central arch, with a sag of 16,6 m, remains in a vertical posit...

This paper focuses on the principal engineering aspects of the Network Arch Bridge over the river Tercero, which joins the cities Villa Maria and Villa Nueva in the province of Cordoba, Argentina. This new bridge replaces the old steel structure located nearby.The structural concept of the network arch allows to cross the Tercero riverbed with a si...

The bridge over the river Jauto, located in the province of Almería, is part of the railway tract between Los Gallardos and Sorbas, which belongs to the Mediterranean High Velocity Corridor. This 120 m long bridge is formed by a reinforced concrete arch with 6 pairs of piers that support the set of U-beams. Such structural solution, providing high...

The floating meteorological mast is a floating spar buoy-type structure developed in order to monitor the environmental variables in deep water locations. Main actions over the structure are aerodynamic and hydrodynamic forces. Stability is a critical aspect of the structure, the design is performed by means of theoretical models, finite elements,...

The San Benito Viaduct is a railway bridge over the Lérez River. It is in the Pontevedra - Cerponzons Section in the High Speed Atlantic Corridor, located near the city of Pontevedra, in the Northwest of Spain. The bridge is 171 m long and it consists of 3 spans: 57 m + 84 m + 30 m. It is a hyperstatic post-tensioned concrete structure: The superst...

The track-structure interaction effects are usually analysed with conventional FEM programs, where it is difficult to implement the complex track-structure connection behaviour, which is nonlinear, elastic-plastic and depends on the vertical load. The authors developed an alternative analysis method, which they call the relative displacement method...

This work presents the different methodologies for the high cycle fatigue design of welded structural components. We analyse the use of experimental and design S-N curves, and the differences obtained when using nominal, hot spot and notch stresses. Considering only these distinctions, and not considering other features such as the existence of div...

El articulo detalla los principales aspectos del proyecto del Puente en Arco sobre el Río Tercero, que tiene por objeto el cruce del río del mismo nombre, vinculando las ciudades de Villa María y Villa Nueva (provincia de Córdoba, Argentina), en reemplazo del puente metálico que se encuentra adyacente al emplazamiento del nuevo puente. La tipología...

The new Spanish highway bridge, the Pujayo Viaduct, has a single-cell box girder. Owing to the large width of 26.1 m, the box girder had to be stiffened by transverse upper and lower ribs, by haunches in the connection web-flange and by inclined webs. Together with the variable girder depth, a relatively complicated geometry was created that was an...

El presente documento aborda una investigación teórico-experimental acerca de estructuras de sección mixta hormigón-madera laminada. Se diseñan vigas mediante la aplicación del método gamma, descrito en las normas NCh 1198 y Eurocódigo 5. Para validar este modelo de cálculo, se realizaron ensayos de corte en probetas mixtas (unidas por tirafondos)...

This paper addresses a theoretical and experimental research conducted on glued laminated timber-concrete composite structures. It focuses on the validation of simple wood screws to be used as connectors in bridges. Beams are designed on the basis of the gamma method, described in the standards NCh 1198 and Eurocode 5. To validate this analysis mod...

This work describes some of the most important results of the experimental and numerical analyses of Escaleritas Viaduct, Spain. Before the inauguration of this composite cable-stayed bridge in 2006, the bridge authority required a dynamic load test identifying, for instance, the natural vibration modes, the dynamic magnification factor, and the ma...

The Escaleritas Viaduct (Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain) is an urban structure that links the districts of Escaleritas and La Feria, and provides the area with a great spatial sense. The viaduct has a length of 220 m, divided in four spans of 100 m (the cable-stayed span), 42 m, 42 m and 36 m, respectively. The steelconcrete composite box sectio...

La ampliación del tablero del viaducto del Pintor Fierros, desde una anchura de 12.00 hasta 22.00 m, ha supuesto la continuación y conclusión del trabajo realizado hace ya más de diez años en el proyecto y construcción del Arco de la Regenta (Premio Internacional Puente de Alcántara). La ampliación del tablero está soportada en su totalidad por vol...