Olusegun Fagbohun

University of Ibadan

Introduction: Newcastle Disease (ND) is the major constraint to poultry production in developing country like Nigeria. Numerous outbreak cases of ND have being reported frequently even in vaccinated farms. The large antigenic disparity of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and potential for significant evolutionary divergence between field strains a...

Introduction: Newcastle Disease (ND) is the major constraint to poultry production in developing country like Nigeria. Numerous outbreak cases of ND have being reported frequently even in vaccinated farms. The large antigenic disparity of the Newcastle Disease Virus (NDV) and potential for significant evolutionary divergence between field strains a...

Background and aim: Newcastle disease (ND) caused by ND virus (NDV) is a serious impediment to effective poultry production in developing countries such as Nigeria. Despite employing vaccination and other control measures to curtail this disease, its severe forms still persist. This study aimed to confirm the virus strains in the NDV vaccine brand...

African swine fever (ASF), a highly fatal haemorrhagic viral disease of domestic pigs has been ravaging swine industries in affected countries. Effective management of this malady is hamstrung by lack of protective vaccines. A cost-effective avenue to develop potent ASF vaccines is by harnessing immunoinformatic tools to construct a multi-epitope b...

Confirmatory diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis is paramount to ensure proper treatment and effective management of the disease in food and companion animals. Suspected invasive aspergilllosis in chickens was encountered at post-mortem. Morphological and molecular methods were employed to identify Aspergillus from samples collected from dead ch...

In dogs, canine parvovirus (CPV) enteritis is associated with high morbidity and fatality rates requiring early diagnosis to facilitate treatment and reduce its spread. In recent times, various commercial immunochromatographic (IC) test kits are available for rapid diagnosis, which require an assessment of their accuracy. Therefore, precision of a...

Canine parvovirus (CPV) the causative agent of canine parvovirus enteritis is an intractable pathogen of dogs characterised by mutations, evolutionary changes and eventual vaccine failure. The disease is a serious problem in dogs with limited studies conducted in Nigeria. Therefore, this study was designed to characterise the subtypes of CPV isolat...

Report on epizootic lymphangitis, a chronic contagious zoonosis of Equidae caused by Histoplasma capsulatum var. farciminosum characterized clinically by pyogranulomatous multifocal dermatitis with lymphadenitis, is rare in donkeys. This case reports a 6-year-old, 200-kg local male donkey at the University of Ibadan zoological garden with wounds on...

This report describes the clinical presentation, pathology and molecular diagnosis of canine parvovirus infection in male Boerboel and female Alsatian puppies. The history of the dogs was considered, examined clinically for vital parameters, haemogram changes and faeces screened for parasites and canine parvovirus faecal antigen. Tissue samples wer...

Rumen fluke infections (paramphistomoses) in cattle are increasingly being reported. Serious issues with the parasite genus Paramphistomum are reported in sub‐tropical and tropical regions, with cases of paramphistomosis causing morbidity and mortality in ruminants. Routine laboratory diagnosis involves conventional methods, such as optical microsc...

Rapid mutation rates and correspondingly high levels of intra- and interhost diversity are often cited as key features of viruses with the capacity for emergence and sustained transmission in a new host species. However, most of this information comes from studies of RNA viruses, with relatively little known about evolutionary processes in viruses...

Canine parvovirus (CPV) is a highly successful pathogen that has sustained pandemic circulation in dogs for more than 40 years. Here, integrating full-genome and deep sequencing analyses, structural information, and in vitro experimentation, we describe the macro- and micro-scale features that have accompanied CPV’s evolutionary success. Despite 40...

H. suis is a prevalent cause of gastritis and gastric ulcers in man. The highly fastidious organism mainly colonizes the stomach of domesticated pigs and occasionally jumps to humans. This study was designed to assess the genetic diversity of the porcine H. suis strains in Nigeria. Multilocus sequence typing (MLST) method which is based on the seq...

Fowlpox is a relatively slow developing disease characterized by discrete, proliferative lesions on the skin of toes, legs or head, and/or mucous membranes of the mouth and upper respiratory tract of birds. Several diseases of birds such as infectious coryza, infectious laryngotracheitis, Mareks, and vitamin A deficiency can be confused with fowlpo...

An adult green monkey (Chlorocebus sabaeus) donated to the zoological garden after history of attack on the owner about a year earlier was found dead a week later with history of sluggish reflexes. At necropsy, there was severe adhesive pleuritis, multifocal to coalescing broncho-interstitial granulomatous pneumonia, diffuse granulomatous splenitis...

Infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) is an acute respiratory disease of chickens which often results in severe losses in the poultry industry as well as backyard flocks. It is also a latent viral infection of chickens worldwide capable of being shed through poultry droppings. To check if some Nigerian commercial and backyard chickens shed the virus,...

Canine parvovirus-2 (CPV-2) is the most common viral cause of gastroenteritis in puppies in Nigeria and worldwide. After its emergence in 1978, the wild-type CPV-2 was rapidly replaced by three antigenic subtypes CPV-2a, CPV-2b and CPV-2c. Subtype CPV-2a has been reported in Nigeria based on limited number of samples. As such, this study was carrie...

Helicobacter suis mainly colonizes the stomach of pigs and occasionally infects humans. It is a prevalent cause of gastritis and gastric ulcers in both species. This study was designed to determine the colonization rate of H. suis in the stomach of pigs in Nigeria. Pig slaughter house surveys were conducted and stomach mucosa samples were collected...

Hydnora Johannis Becc (HJ) is a herbal plant used in treating menopausal symptoms and other diseases in different countries, but the mechanism of actions are not known. The effect of HJ (0.1–2 mg/ml) extract on the proliferation of H1299 cell line was investigated. Cells were plated in 96 well plates and the effects of HJ were evaluated using MTT a...

Bovine Papillomaviruses (BPVs) cause cutaneous papillomatosis, a common disease of the skin that manifests as non-threatening, non – invasive cancer(warts), seen mostly in young cattle. Various methods have been used in the identification of bovine papillomatosis associated with skin warts worldwide such as clinical signs, immunohistochemistry, his...

A very paramount strategy for effective therapeutic management of tumors is the selective delivery of cancer therapeutic to the site of the malady employing the concept of targeted delivery. Although, a pleothora of ligands have been developed for targeting therapeutics to the site of the disease, only a few have been successfully used because of t...

Grasscutter (Thryonomys swinderianus) is a large rodent distributed across sub-Saharan Africa that is highly valued as a source of protein. There has been little effort to evaluate the genetic structure of grasscutters despite long-term harvesting pressure and over 40 years of grasscutter domestication in West Africa. Our objectives were to quantif...

The ubiquitous presence of lead (Pb) and its release by anthropogenic activities has remained a major environmental pollution risk to both humans and animals. Lead toxicity has been associated with different systemic toxicities and biochemical impacts (such as oxidative stress and DNA damaging effects) with dire health consequences. In Nigeria, the...

Helicobacter pylori and Helicobacter suis are zoonotic gram negative bacteria associated with gastritis and gastric ulcers in man and pig. This study was designed to detect the presence of these organisms in the stomach of pigs in Nigeria. Stomach mucosa samples were collected from 160 pigs slaughtered in 4 different regions of Nigeria. DNA was...

Background (Willd) D.C. (Fabaceae) tubers are already used in traditional medicine by Ayurvedic physicians for the management of fertility disorders, general weakness, and also as anti-ageing therapies. Other known pharmacological properties include: anti-hyperglycemics, hepatoprotective, anti-hyperlipidemic, diuretic, nutritive, and anti-fertility...

In the present study, we investigated the occurrence of intersex condition, histopathological changes in the gonad and endocrine disruptor biomarker responses in Tilapia species (Tilaipia guineensis, Sarotherodon galileaus and Oreochromis niloticus) along the Ogun River, Nigeria. The study sites covered a length of 320 km and a total of 1074 tilapi...

Introduction Plant materials have been used for medicinal purposes since ancient time because cost, availability, accessibility and effectiveness are some of the reasons attributable for its widespread use in modern times. Researches on plant based scientific works being are being carried out so as to discover/develop lead agents which can be used...

We have examined the mechanism of SAABFAT6‐induced antiproliferation and cytotoxic effects on A549 adenocarcenoma cell line. Ethanol extracts of SAABFAT6 (0.5–2 mg/mL) was incubated with A549 cell line and in vitr o in the presence or absence of PTK/PKC activator or inhibitor (Ang II, PMA, Tyrphostin, or Calphostin C). Effects of treatments on prol...

Objective: To conduct sero-epidemiological and virological surveillance for lowly pathogenic avian influenza virus (LPAIV) in apparently healthy birds slaughtered at live-bird markets (LBMs) in Southwestern Nigeria. Methods: A competitive ELISA was used for detecting avian influenza virus-specific antibodies in 491 chicken sera obtained from five L...

Prostate‐specific antigen (PSA) is a cardinal marker for molecular diagnosis and proper management of prostate tumors. Therefore, development of specific probes for this marker is paramount for precise molecular diagnosis and targeted delivery of therapeutics to prostate cancer cells. Screening of the multibillion landscape libraries proffers a sim...

The environmental obesogen hypothesis has proposed the role of EDCs in the development of obesity through the activation of PPARγ, a key regulator of adipogenesis and medically implicated in obesity. In addition, the induction of cytochrome P450 by environmental pollutants (PAHs, PCBs, dioxin and furans) in organisms through the AhR is generally us...

Classical swine fever (CSF) is a highly infectious and economically significant viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. The disease cause serious economic losses in the pig industry. It has been eradicated in developed countries such as the US. However, the status of CSF in Nigeria remains largely unknown and underreported. Serological investigati...

Anthropogenic chemicals in the aquatic environment have been found to cause endocrine disruption in vertebrates and invertebrate organisms. Teleost vitellogenin (VTG’s) are large domain apolipoproteins and are considered to be estrogen responsive precusors of the major egg yolk proteins expressed by female fish and synthesized in hepatic tissue. As...

One of the cardinal requirements for effective therapeutic management of tumors is the selective delivery of cancer drugs to the right site by ligand-decorated nanomedicines. Screening of 2 x 109 clone landscape phage library provides a reliable avenue for generating protein ligands specific for tumor cells. It was shown that selective phage protei...

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in the USA. The efficacy of existing anticancer therapeutics can be improved by targeting them through conjugation with ligands binding to cellular receptors. Recently, we developed a novel drug targeting strategy based on the use of pre-selected cancer-specific 'fusion pVIII proteins' (fpVIII),...

Breast cancer is a leading cause of death among women in the USA. The efficacy of existing anticancer therapeutics can be improved by targeting them through conjugation with ligands binding to cellular receptors. Recently, we developed a novel drug targeting strategy based on the use of pre-selected cancer-specific ‘fusion pVIII proteins’ (fpVIII),...

Disclosed are targeted particles comprising or consisting of a plurality of landscape phage fusion proteins complexed with heterologous nucleic acid, the landscape phage fusion proteins displaying a heterologous peptide and the targeted particle binding specifically to a target site. The particles may be utilized in methods for modulating expressio...

Unlabelled: Efficacy of siRNAs as potential anticancer therapeutics can be increased by their targeted delivery into cancer cells via tumor-specific ligands. Phage display offers a unique approach to identify highly specific and selective ligands that can deliver nanocarriers to the site of disease. In this study, we proved a novel approach for in...

To explore cancer cell-specific phage fusion pVIII coat protein, identified using phage display, for targeted delivery of drug-loaded liposomes to MCF-7 breast cancer cells. An 8-mer landscape library f8/8 and a biopanning protocol against MCF-7 cells were used to select a landscape phage protein bearing MCF-7-specific peptide. Size and morphology...

The cross reactivities of rabbit anti chicken horse radish peroxidase (conjugate) was tested with sera of Chicken, Ducks, Geese, Guinea fowl, Hawks, Pigeons and Turkeys in indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) technique. Sera from mammalian species (Bat, Equine and swine) were used as negative controls. The conjugate was coated on well...

We developed a natural challenge method using sentinel chickens reared on litter contaminated with infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT) vaccine virus (V) and a nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to determine the presence of ILTV in the feces and tracheas of the chickens. In 3 separate experiments, we determined that several commercially available...

Landscape phage libraries are collections of filamentous phages displaying random foreign peptides on all 4,000 surface domains of the major coat protein. They serve as a rich source of bioselective materials that can be used in different areas of technology and medicine, including gene delivery, drug delivery and imaging of tumor cells. In this st...

A serological survey was conducted to determine the prevalence of Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD), using the quantitative Agar Gel Precipitin Test (AGPT), in flocks of apparently healthy, unvaccinated adult indigenous Nigerian ducks in Oyo and Osun states of Nigeria. Of the 126 sera tested, 24 (19.1%) were positive for IBDV precipitins. None of the...

As part of ongoing studies on the blood profiles of the Nigerian avian species, haematological and plasma biochemical parameters were determined in the Nigerian laughing dove (Streptopelia senegalensis). There were no significant sex differences in all the parameters studied. However, when the values that were observed in the Nigerian laughing dove...

Chicken anemia virus (CAV) was isolated for the first time from the Nigerian chicken population. The virus was recovered from necropsied birds from broiler and pullet flocks that suffered disease outbreaks tentatively diagnosed as infectious bursal disease. A sensitive polymerase chain reaction (PCR) assay detected CAV DNA in tissues of necropsied...

A survey of haemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibodies against influenza A virus was carried out on pigs sera collected at Bodija abattoir, Ibadan between December, 2001 and August 2002. Out of the 107 sera tested, 101 (94.39%) had HI antibodies to influenza A (H1N1) human strain while the remaining 6 (5.61%) were negative. The result of this wor...

Sera samples from seven poultry farms in southwest Nigeria consisting of 7 broiler, 10 pullet, 1 layer, 1 cockerel, and 1 broiler breeder flocks were tested for the presence of chicken infectious anemia virus (CIAV) antibodies using a commercial enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kit. Eleven of the 20 flocks (55%) and six out of seven (86%) farms we...

An outbreak of infectious bursal disease (IBD) occurred in a flock of 11-week old crossbreeds of Harco cocks and indigenous Nigerian hens (referred to as exotic and locals respectively in the text). Clinical signs observed include depression, anorexia, ruffled feathers and diarrhoea. Haemorrhages were present in the bursa of Fabricius, muscles and...

A total of 15 sera samples from cattle egrets ( Ardeola ibis ), 30 from pigeons ( Columba livia ) and 30 from Nigerian laughing doves ( Streptopelia senegalensis ) were screened for antibodies to infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Three (20%) samples from cattle egrets were positive for antib...

Antibodies to Newcastle disease virus (NDV) were detected in 20% of 15 serum samples of cattle egrets ( Ardeola ibis ), 16.7% 30 sera samples of Nigeran laughing doves ( Streptopelia senegalensis ) and none from sera of 30 pigeons ( Columba livia ) screened for antibodies to NDV using haemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test.