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Journal of Noakhali Science and Technology University (JNSTU), 3(1&2): 15-19 (2019)
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield
Performance of Tomato
Mamun-Al-Munsur1, Mohammad Shafiqul Islam2*, Nusrat Jahan Methela2 and
Md. Habibur Rahman1.
1Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agriculture, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh - 2202,
Bangladesh.
2Department of Agriculture, Faculty of Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali -
3814, Bangladesh Correspondence: safi.agri21@gmail.com
ABSTRACT
Organic matter helps safe vegetable production rather than inorganic fertilizer. An experiment was conducted
to study the effects of organic–inorganic fertilizer on growth and yield of BARI tomato-2 (Ratan) at the
Horticulture Farm of Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh. The investigation consisted of three
treatments of organic-inorganic fertilizer doses, viz., 25t cowdung/ha, 20t cowdung + 75% recommended
inorganic fertilizer/ha, 15t cowdung + recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha. The experiment was laid out in
RCBD with three replications. Organic-inorganic fertilizer showed significant influence on the growth and
yield contributing characters of tomato. The plant height at 60 DAT (52.47cm), number of flower clusters per
plant (24.40), flowers per cluster (7.04), flowers per plant (183.38), fruit clusters per plant (7.12), fruits per
cluster (3.26), ripe fruits per plant (24.23), fruit diameter (5.81cm), weight of individual fruit (68.60g), weight
of fruits per plant (2.06kg) and fruit yield/plot (32.93) were the highest when 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha was applied. The yield of tomato under this treatment was 58.80 t/ha. The
minimum yield (49.16 t/ha) was obtained from the control plants with only 25t cowdung/ha.
Key words: Organic fertilizer, Inorganic fertilizer, Tomato, Growth and yield.
1. INTRODUCTION
Tomato (Lycopersiconesculentum Mill.)
belongs to the family Solanaceae is one of
the most popular and quality vegetables
of Bangladesh. The total production of
tomato in Bangladesh was about 414000 t
from 30769 hectares of land with an
average yield of 5.47 t/ha (BBS, 2015).
Tomato is popular fruit vegetable for its
nutritional value and diversified use like
salad, juice, sauce etc. It contains vitamin
A, B and C including calcium and
carotene. The amount of nutrient is 1.98 g
protein, 320 IU vitamin-A, 1.8 mg iron and
31 mg vitamin-C in 100 g edible tomato
(Bose and Som, 1990). Lycopene in tomato
is a powerful antioxidant and reduces the
risk of prostate cancer (Hossain, 2001).
Tomatoes, aside from being tasty, are very
healthy as they are a good source of vitamins
A and C. Vitamin A is important for bone
growth, cell division and differentiation, for
helping in the regulation of immune system
and maintaining surface linings of eyes,
respiratory, urinary and intestinal tracts.
Vitamin C is important in forming collagen,
a protein that gives structures to bones,
cartilage, muscle and blood vessels. It also
helps maintain capillaries, bones and teeth
and aids in the absorption of iron. It is much
popular as raw salad. It is also used as
vegetable or as processed food items such as
sauce, soup, juice, ketchup, pickles, paste,
puree, powder, jam, and jelly. The demands
of tomato in both domestic and foreign
markets increased manifold due to its
excellent nutritional and processing qualities.
So the popularity of the tomato and its
products continues to rise. Organic fertilizers
play vital role in increasing the population of
soil microorganisms that helps in protecting
plant from pathogens like nematodes and soil
born insects. These also provide plant growth
hormones like auxins (Agbede and Ojeniyi,
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Performance of Tomato
16
2009). Inorganic fertilizers reduces soil
nutrient balance, leading to a decrease in
crop yield potential (Palm et al., 1997).
Organic and bio fertilizers prepared from
animal and plant origin are most commonly
used for sustainable production (Premsekhar
and Rajashree, 2009). Organic fertilizers like
cowdung, Trichoderma, compost and vermi-
compost amend texture, structure, color,
water holding capacity, microbial activity,
anion and cation exchange capacity, organic
matter and carbon-content of soil. It also
enhance the vegetative growth, flowering,
fruit set, yield and quality of tomato like as
inorganic
fertilizers(Tonfacketal.,2009).Research on
the effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers
on the growth and yield of tomato under
Bangladesh conditions is limited. Therefore,
this experiment has undertaken to study the
effect of organic and inorganic fertilizers on
the growth and yield of tomato.
2. MATERIALS AND METHODS
2.1 Experimental Site, Materials, Design
and Treatment
This investigation was conducted at the
Horticulture Farm, Bangladesh Agricultural
University (BAU), Mymensingh,
Bangladesh to study the performance of
organic and inorganic fertilizers on the
growth and yield of tomato. The planting
material was seeds of BARI tomato-2
(Ratan), a high yielding indeterminate type
tomato genotype collected from Horticulture
farm, BAU. The seedlings were raised in
five seedbeds of 3x1 m2. Thirty five days
old seedlings were transplanted to the
experimental field following RCBD with 3
replications. The plot size was 2.8 x 2.0 m2
and spacing was 70 x 50 cm2. Standard
management practices were done for tomato.
Three treatments were- F1 = 25t
cowdung/ha, F2 = 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha and F3
= 15t cowdung + recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha. Recommended inorganic
fertilizer doses of urea, TSP, MoP, gypsum
and borax 300, 200, 200, 100 and 10 Kg per
hectare, respectively.
2.2 Data collection and Statistical Analysis
Data were collected and recorded on 14
parameters such as plant height (cm), days to
first flowering, number of flower clusters per
plant, flowers per cluster and flowers per
plant, number of fruit clusters per plant,
fruits per cluster and ripe fruits per plant,
fruit length (cm), diameter (cm), weight of
individual fruit (g), weight of fruits per plant
(g), weight of fruits per plot (kg) and fruit
yield per hectare (t/ha). The analysis was
performed by F-test, and the significance of
the difference between pairs of treatment
means was evaluated by Least Significant
Different (LSD) test at 5% and 1% level of
probability using SAS software (version 9.0).
3. RESULTS
3.1 Plant Height and Days to First
Flowering
The main effects of organic-inorganic
fertilizer on plant height of tomato at 30
DAT, 45 DAT, and 60 DAT and days to first
flowering were significant. Plant height was
increased gradually with the progress of
time. The maximum plant height (52.47cm)
at 60 DAT were found from 20t cowdung +
75% recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha
and the minimum (39.84cm) was observed
from only 25t cowdung/ha (Figure 1).
Similarly the plant fertilized with 20t
cowdung + 75% recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha produced early flowering
(34.33days) and delayed flowering (36.62
Days) from control treatment with of only
25t cowdung/ha (Table 1).
Figure 1. Effect of organic and inorganic fertilizer on
plant height in tomato at different days after
transplanting. Vertical bar indicates LSD at
1% level of significance.(F1 = 25t
cowdung/ha, F2 = 20t cowdung + 75%
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
30 45 60
Days after transplanting (DAT)
Plant height (cm)
F1 F2 F3
Munsur et al.
17
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha, F3 =
15t cowdung + recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha.)
3.2 Number of flower clusters per plant,
flowers per cluster and flowers per
plant
Oganic-inorganic fertilizer effect on number
of flower clusters per plant, flowers per
cluster and flowers per plant were also
significant (Table 1). The highest number
(24.40) of flower clusters per plant was
found from 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha and the
lowest (21.92) was found from control
treatment with only 25t cowdung/ha. The
topmost number of flowers per cluster (7.04)
was produced at 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha and the
minimum (5.84) was produced from control
treatment with only 25t cowdung/ha.
Likewise, the maximum number of flowers
(183.38) per plant was obtained at 20t
cowdung + 75% recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha, and the less number (128.27)
was produced at control treatment with only
25t cowdung/ha (Table 1).
Table 1. Effect of organic-inorganic
fertilizers on the flowering
characters of tomato
Organic-
inorganic
fertilizers
Days
to
first
flowe
ring
No. of
flowers
cluster
per
plant
No. of
flowers
per
cluster
No. of
flowers
per
plant
No. of
fruits
per
cluster
F1
36.6
2
21.92
5.84
128.2
7
3.08
F2
34.3
3
24.40
7.04
183.3
8
3.26
F3
35.6
2
23.21
6.33
148.5
1
3.11
LSD0.05
0.15
0.18
0.20
1.81
0.05
LSD0.01
0.21
0.25
0.27
2.50
0.07
Level of
signific
ance
**
**
**
**
**
** = Significant at 1% level of probability, * =
Significant at 5% level of probability
F1 = 25t cowdung/ha, F2 = 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha, F3 = 15t
cowdung + recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha.
3.3 Number of fruit clusters per plant,
fruits per clusters and ripe fruits per
plant
The leading effects of organic-inorganic
fertilizer on number of fruit clusters per
plant, fruits per clusters and ripe fruits per
plant were significant (Table 1& 2). Highest
number of fruits per cluster (3.26) was
obtained from 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha and the
lowest number (3.08) was produced from
control treatment with only 25t cowdung/ha
(Table 1). The utmost number of fruit
clusters per plant (7.12) was obtained from
20t cowdung + 75% recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha, and the lowest number (6.51)
was obtained from control treatment with
only 25t cowdung/ha (Table 2). The
maximum number of ripe fruits per plant
(24.23) was produced by the application of
20t cowdung + 75% recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha and the lowest number of fruits
per plant (19.49) was produced from control
treatment with only 25t cowdung/ha (Table
2).
Table 2.
Effect of organic-inorganic fertilizers
on the yield contributing characters
and yield of tomato
Organ
ic-
inorga
nic
fertiliz
ers
No. of
ripe
fruits
per
plant
No. of
fruits
cluste
r per
plant
Frui
t
lengt
h
(cm)
Fruit
diame
ter
(cm)
Weig
ht of
indivi
dual
fruit
(g)
Weigh
t of
fruits
per
plant
(kg)
Fruit
yield
per
plot
(kg)
F
1
19.49
6.58
4.05
5.56
57.3
6
1.72
27.5
3
F
2
24.23
7.12
4.75
5.81
68.6
0
2.06
32.9
3
F
3
21.51
6.76
4.37
5.28
62.4
4
1.87
29.9
7
LSD
0
.05
0.16
0.10
0.13
0.07
0.93
0.05
0.45
LSD
0
.01
0.22
0.14
0.18
0.09
1.29
0.06
0.62
Level
of
signif
icanc
e
**
**
**
**
**
**
**
** = Significant at 1% level of probability
F1 = 25t cowdung/ha, F2 = 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha, F3 = 15t
cowdung + recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha.
Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizer on Growth and Yield Performance of Tomato
18
3.4 Fruit length and diameter:
Fruit length and diameter of tomato were
also significant and increased gradually with
the increasing levels of organic-inorganic
fertilizer up to 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha. The
longest fruit (4.75cm) was obtained from
20t/ha cowdung + 75% recommended
inorganic and the shortest (4.05 cm) was
produced from control treatment with only
25t/ha cowdung (Table 2). The maximum
diameter of fruit (5.81cm) was found from
20t cowdung + 75% recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha and the minimum fruit diameter
(5.28cm) was produced from 15t cowdung +
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha (Table
2).
3.5 Weight of individual fruit, fruit per
plant and yield per plot
Significant difference was observed in case
of weight of individual fruit, fruit per plant
and yield per plot (Table 2). The results
showed that individual fruit weight was
increased with the increasing levels of
organic-inorganic fertilizer up to 20t
cowdung + 75% recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha. The highest weight of individual
fruit (68.60g) caused by 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha and the
minimum weight of individual fruit (57.36g)
was produced from only 25t cowdung/ha
(Table 2). The highest weight of individual
fruit (2.06 kg) caused by 20t/ cowdung +
75% recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha
and the lowest weight of individual fruit
(1.72) was produced from control treatment
with only 25t cowdung/ha (Table 2). The
maximum yield per plot (32.93 kg) was
achieved by the application of 20t cowdung
+ 75% recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha
and the minimum yield per plot (27.53 kg)
was produced from control treatment with
only 25t cowdung/ha (Table 2).
3.6 Fruit yield per hectare
Significant variation in yield per hectare of
tomato due to the influence of different
organic-inorganic fertilizer levels was
observed. The maximum yield per hectare
(58.80 kg) was achieved by the application
of 20t cowdung + 75% recommended
inorganic fertilizer/ha and the minimum yield
per plot (49.16 kg) was produced from
control treatment with only 25t cowdung/ha
(Figure 2).
Figure 2. Effect of organic-inorganic fertilizer on the
yield of tomato. Verical bar indicates LSD at
1% level of significance. (F1 = 25t
cowdung/ha, F2= 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer/ha, F3 =
15t cowdung + recommended inorganic
fertilizer/ha.)
3.7 DISCUSSION
Organic and in organic fertilizer have
remarkable effect on growth and
development in tomato. The minor amount of
inorganic fertilizer or lack of inorganic
fertilizer application may not available for
uptake by the plants in control plots. Hence,
the normal soil probably was not sufficient
for normal plant growth and development
that resulted in reduction of plant height,
number of flower cluster per plant, number
of flowers per cluster, flower number per
plant, fruit number per plant, length of fruit,
diameter of fruit, weight of individual fruit,
fruit weight per plant, fruit yield per plot and
fruit yield per hectare on tomato production.
Most of similar findings have been obtained
from many researchers at response of
cowdung. Sharma and Mann (1972) reported
that nitrogen application at higher rates
increased plant height. Fisher (1969) also
found that a high level of organic-inorganic
fertilizer prior to flower initiation tended to
promote earlier flowering. Nassar (1986)
also found that the higher organic-inorganic
fertilizer level tended to increase average
number of fruit clusters per plant. They also
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
F1 F2 F3
Organic-inorganic fertilizers
Fruit yield (t/ha)
Munsur et al.
19
observed that weight of individual fruit
decreased under low organic inorganic
fertilizer levels in tomato. On the other hand,
Tonfack et al., (2009) reported non-
significant difference in case of plant height,
number of branch, fruits per plant and yield
with single dose of organic or inorganic
fertilizers. Bipradas et al., (2016) found that
50% organic fertilizer with 50%
recommended inorganic fertilizers together
gave maximum production in tomato. Saha et
al.,(2017) observed maximum yield of
tomato with combined dose compost and
50% recommended inorganic fertilizer over
single dose of organic or inorganic fertilizers.
4. CONCLUSION
Singly organic fertilizer or inorganic
fertilizer cannot perform a better yield of
tomato. But their combined effect help in
better growth and yield of tomato. From the
above results it can be concluded that, fruit
yield of BARI tomato-2 (Ratan) was
increased with the combined doses of
organic and inorganic fertilizers. Finally, it
may be said that, 20t cowdung + 75%
recommended inorganic fertilizer will
perform the maximum yield.
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