ResearchPDF Available

SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES BY CHEMICAL REDUCTION METHOD

Authors:
Nosheen Zafar at Xi'an University of Architecture and Technology
Nosheen Zafar
Shahzadi Shamaila at University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Shahzadi Shamaila
  • University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Pakistan.
Hina Khalid
Hina Khalid
Hina Khalid
  • This person is not on ResearchGate, or hasn't claimed this research yet.
Download file PDF
Read file
Download citation

Abstract and Figures

Copper nanoparticles have been synthesized by using chemical reduction method using de-ionized water as solvent. The surface morphology is observed by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The formation of copper nanoparticles was confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Copper nanoparticles fabricated by chemical reduction method have diameter in the range 14 nm to 55 nm. Structural analysis revealed the face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure of copper nanoparticles.
Figures - uploaded by Nosheen Zafar
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Nosheen Zafar
Content may be subject to copyright.
Content uploaded by Nosheen Zafar
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Nosheen Zafar on Nov 27, 2015
Content may be subject to copyright.
Sci.Int.(Lahore),27(4),3085-3088,2015 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 3085
July-August
SYNTHESIS OF COPPER NANOPARTICLES BY CHEMICAL REDUCTION
METHOD
Hina Khalid, S. Shamaila*, N. Zafar
Department of Physics, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore-54890, Pakistan.
*Corresponding author: Email: drshamaila.uet@gmail.com
Shamaila Shahzadi
Associate Professor.
Department of Physics,
University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore-54890, Pakistan.
Ph. (off) +92-42-99029204
ABSTRACT: Copper nanoparticles have been synthesized by using chemical reduction method using de-ionized water as
solvent. The surface morphology is observed by Atomic Force Microscope (AFM). The formation of copper nanoparticles was
confirmed by UV-Visible spectrophotometer (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
(FTIR). Copper nanoparticles fabricated by chemical reduction method have diameter in the range 14 nm to 55 nm. Structural
analysis revealed the face centered cubic (fcc) crystal structure of copper nanoparticles.
Keywords: Chemical Reduction, Copper, UV-Visible Spectrophotometer, AFM, FTIR.
INTRODUCTION
Nanoparticles are fascinating materials that find many
applications in fields of basic and applied research. Copper
(Cu) nanoparticles (NPs) with high fraction of surface atoms
and high specific surface area have been widely studied. The
Cu NPs have special physical and chemical characteristics
which include catalytic activity, optical properties, anti-
microbial activity and electronic properties [1]. Copper
nanoparticles can be fabricated by using different physical
and chemical techniques such as chemical reduction [2, 3],
laser ablation [4, 5], electrochemical [3], thermal
decomposition [6] and polyol method [7]. Among all these
methods chemical reduction is convenient method for the
fabrication of nanoparticles. High yield of metallic
nanoparticles has been attained by chemical reduction
method (CRM). This method is economical, simple, faster
and can have better size distribution of nanoparticles by
controlling the experimental parameters [8]. Currently, noble
metal nanoparticles have been extensively studied for many
applications. For nanoparticles synthesis the noble metals
such as silver and gold are being used, despite their cost [9-
11]. In this context, copper are good alternative material
because they are more economical than silver and gold. L. A.
Figueroa et al have reported that chemically synthesized
copper nanoparticles having diameter of 25 nm [12].
In the current research, the attention have been focused on the
fabrication of Cu NPs. Nanoparticles are synthesized by
chemical reduction method (CRM).The Cu NPs were
characterized by using different techniques such as UV-
Visible Spectrometry, Atomic force microscopy (AFM), X-
ray diffractometer (XRD) and Fourier transform infrared
spectra (FTIR).
Materials and method
Materials
All of chemicals used in experiment are of analytical grade
and used as purchased without any purification. Copper
sulfate pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O), of 98% purity is used.
De-ionized water used as a solvents. Sodium borohydride
(NaBH4) is used as reducing agent, while sodium hydroxide
(NaOH) is used to adjust the pH. Ascorbic acid is used as the
antioxidant for colloidal Cu NPs.
METHOD
The flowchart of experimental procedure is shown in figure
1. Ascorbic acid solution (0.02 M) was prepared in de-
ionized water. A 0.01 M solution of copper sulfate
pentahydrate (CuSO4·5H2O) separately prepared in de-
ionized water and this was added to ascorbic acid solution
under continuous magnetic stirring. To adjust the pH, 1 M
solution of NaOH in de-ionized water was added. After
stirring for 30 minutes at room temperature, 0.1 M solution of
NaBH4 in de-ionized water was added under continuous
stirring. The stirring was continued for 15 minutes in ambient
atmosphere to complete the reaction. The blue color of initial
reaction mixture turned red-brown color as shown in figure 2.
Cu2+ + 2BH4- Cu + H2 + B2H6
Figure 1: Flow chart of experimental process.
3086 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 Sci.Int.(Lahore),27(4),3085-3088,2015
July-August
Figure 2: Colloidal solution of copper nanoparticles, initial blue
color turned red-brown.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS
To study the stability of Cu colloidal solution in air, the
absorption of Cu NPs was measured by UV-visible
spectroscopy. The absorption band of copper nanoparticles
has been reported in the range of 500-600nm [10, 13]. UV-
visible absorption spectra of Cu NPs by chemical reduction
method (CRM) is shown in figure 3. This spectrum is
recorded immediately after the synthesis of particles. The
figure show the absorption peaks at 588 nm respectively,
which proves the formation of the copper nanoparticles in the
solution [14]. The initial blue green color turned red-brown,
the shifting in color is due to the surface plasmon resonance
(SPR). Metals possess SPR in visible region due to free
electrons, which give such intense colors. These properties
observed in Cu, Ag and Au due to presence of free electrons
[12].
Figure 3: UV-visible spectra of copper nanoparticles fabricated
by chemical reduction.
AFM is an important technique for study the morphology of
nanoparticles. Tapping mode AFM imaging is applied to
study copper nanoparticles. Figure 4 shows an AFM image (2
μm ×2 μm) of copper nanoparticles (3D) having particle size
range 14 nm to 55 nm.
Figure 4: 3D topographical view of copper nanoparticles, having
particle size 14 nm to 55 nm.
Figure 5: XRD pattern of the copper nanoparticles.
The crystal structure and phase composition of synthesized
copper nanoparticles is analyzed by XRD, as shown in figure
5. The diffraction data exhibits that the copper nanoparticles
have face centered cubic structure (FCC) with characteristic
diffraction peaks (111), (200) and (220) at 2-theta value of
43.4º, 51.1º and 74.9º respectively. On the other hand, two
diffraction peaks were indexed to cuprous oxide (Cu2O)
having corresponding peaks to (110) and (220) at 2-theta
value of 29.1o and 60.5o respectively. The presence of Cu2O
indicates the partial oxidation of copper nanoparticles with
dissolved oxygen in the solution [14, 15].
For copper nanoparticles, the oxygen present in ambient
atmosphere rapidly forms an oxide layer on the particle
surface when exposed to air. This means that copper
nanoparticles could be synthesized in atmospheric
environment, at atmospheric pressure and at room
temperature by using de-ionized water as solvent in the case
of present work. It is not necessary to perform the chemical
Sci.Int.(Lahore),27(4),3085-3088,2015 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 3087
July-August
reaction in an inert atmosphere. All the parameters or
variables reduce the cost of the process [15, 16].
Figure 6: FTIR spectra (a) de-ionized water (b) copper
nanoparticles.
FTIR spectra of de-ionized water and copper nanoparticles
are shown in Figure 6. In the 3500–3000 cm-1 region, a broad
absorption of hydroxyl group (O-H) of de-ionized water
appear at 3234 cm-1 and 3214 cm-1 before and after
nanoparticles formation, respectively, showing 20 units red
shift of this polar group. Intermolecular and intramolecular
hydrogen bonds are considered to be responsible for the
broadening of the –OH band in the FTIR spectra. This
decrease in wave number may occur due to interaction of
copper nanoparticles with–OH group [17]. The bands are in
the region 2000-1500 cm-1 are due to C=C bond. This bond
appears at 1629 cm-1 before nanoparticles formation and
shifted at 1619 cm-1 after nanoparticles formation. The
shifting in wave numbers was due to the C=C stretching and
shows the co-ordination with copper nanoparticles [18, 19].
CONCLUSION
In this work, synthesis of copper nanoparticles (Cu NPs) has
been investigated by chemical reduction method (CRM). The
average size of copper nanoparticles prepared by CRM is 14
to 55 nm. The absorption peak appeared at 591 nm which
confirms the formation of copper nanoparticles. The observed
fcc XRD peaks for copper nanoparticles are ascribed the
growth along different crystallographic planes. Another phase
coprous oxide (Cu2O), also observed which shows the partial
oxidation of copper nanoparticles with dissolved oxygen in
the solution.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors gratefully acknowledge the Physics and polymer
department of University of Engineering and Technology,
Lahore, Physics department of COMSATS, Lahore and
Chemistry department of Forman Christian College, A
Charted University, Lahore for accomplishing the AFM,
FTIR and XRD and UV- visible spectrophotometer analysis
of the synthesized nanoparticles respectively.
REFERENCES
[1] Jumaa, T., Chasib, M., Hamid, M, K. and Al-Haddad, R.,
“Effect of the Electric Field on the Antibacterial
Activity of Au Nanoparticles on Some Gram-positive
and Gram-negative Bacteria” Nanoscience and
Nanotechnology Research, 2: 1-7(2014).
[2] Wei, Y., Huaqing, X., Lifei, C., Yang, L. and Chen, Z.,
“Synthesis and Characterization of Monodispersed
Copper Colloids in Polar Solvents” Nanoscale Res Lett.,
4, 465–470(2009).
[3] Hassan, H., Maryam, E. Z., Rabee, P. and Payman, R.,
“Investigation on synthesis and size control of copper
nanoparticle via electrochemical and chemical reduction
method” International Journal of the Physical Sciences,
6, 4331-4336(2011).
[4] Maurizio, M.M., Cristina, G. and Emilia, G., “Surface-
Enhanced Raman Scattering from Copper Nanoparticles
Obtained by Laser Ablation” J. Phys. Chem., 115,
5021–5027(2011).
[5] Asim, U., Shahid, N., Naveed, R. and Muhammad, S. R.,
“Selection of a suitable method for the synthesis of
copper nanoparticles” NANO: Brief Reports and
Reviews, 7, 18(2012).
[6] Galindo, R.B., Rodriguez, P. Y. R., Urbina, B. A. P. ,
Orta, C. A. A., Fernandez, O. S. R., Pliego, G. C.,
Saldivar, R. H. L. and Cerda, L. A. G., “Synthesis of
Copper Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition and
Their Antimicrobial Properties” Journal of
Nanomaterials, 2014, 5(2014).
[7] Han, X. Z., Uwe, S. R. L. and Wen, B. C., “Facile
Fabrication of Ultrafine Copper Nanoparticles in
Organic Solvent”Nanoscale Res Lett., 4, 705–
708(2009).
[8] Thi. M. D. D., Thi, T. T. L., Eric, F. B. and Mau, C. D.,
“Synthesis and optical properties of copper
nanoparticles prepared by a chemical reduction method”
Adv. Nat. Sci. Nanosci. Nanotechnol, 2, 6(2011).
[9] Thanaa, M. A., “Antibacterial activity of Silver and Gold
Nanoparticles against Streptococcus, Staphylococcus
aureus and E.coli” J. Sci., 23, 45-54(2012).
[10] Rahimi, P., Hashemipour, H., Ehtesham, M. Z. and
Ghader, S., “Experimental Investigation on the
Synthesis and Size Control of Copper Nanoparticle via
Chemical Reduction Method” Int. J. Nanosci.
Nanotechnol, 6, 144-149(2010).
[11] Kheybari, S., Samadi, N., Hosseini, S.V., Fazeli, A. and
Fazeli, M. R., “Synthesis and antimicrobial effects of
silver nanoparticles produced by chemical reduction
method” DARU, 18, 168-172(2010).
[12] Liliana, A. F., Raul, A. M. L., Rogelio, J. S. V. and
Oscar, F. O. M., “Synthesis, characterization and
antibacterial activity of copper, nickel and bimetallic
Cu–Ni nanoparticles for potential use in dental
materials” Progress in Natural Science: Materials
International, 1-8(2014).
[13] Rama, B. P., Prajna, P. S., Vinita, P. M. and Pavithra,
S., “Antimicrobial Activities of Soap and Detergents”
Adv. Biores., 2, 52-56(2011).
[14] Giridhar, M., Satyendra, K. V., Devraj, S., Pramod, K.
Y. and Raja, R. Y., “Synthesis and Ultrasonic
3088 ISSN 1013-5316; CODEN: SINTE 8 Sci.Int.(Lahore),27(4),3085-3088,2015
July-August
Characterization of Cu/PVP Nanoparticles-Polymer
Suspensions” Open Journal of Acoustics, 1, 9-14(2011).
[15] Arunachalam, D. K. and Kannappan, G., “Synthesis of
Copper Precursor, Copper and its oxide Nanoparticles
by Green Chemical Reduction Method and its
Antimicrobial Activity” Journal of Applied
Pharmaceutical Science, 3, 016-021(2013).
[16] Razium, A. S., Syed, T. H. S., Sirajuddin, Najma, M.,
Mohammad, R. S., Nazar, H. K., Keith, R. H. and Afzal,
S., “Synthesis of air stable copper nanoparticles and
their use in catalysis” Adv. Mat. Lett., 5, 191-
198(2014).
[17] Barbara, S., “Infrared Spectroscopy: Fundamentals and
Applications”, (willey) p. 57-67.
[18] Judith, D. V., Carla, D., Claudio, P., Abraham, B.,
Carlos, P. and Apolinaria, G., “Study on antibacterial
alginate-stabilized copper nanoparticles by FT-IR and
2D-IR correlation spectroscopy” International Journal
of Nanomedicine, 7, 3597–3612(2012).
[19] Ridzuan, R., Maksudur, R. K., Najmul, K. C.,
Mohammad, D. H. B., Rohaya, M. H., Astimar, A. A.,
Zawawi, I. and Nahrul, H. Z., “Development of Cu
Nanoparticle Loaded Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced
Nanocomposite” Advances in Nanoparticles, 2, 358-
365(2013).
... Although Cu NPs can be synthesized by various methods like electrochemical, thermal, laser ablation, chemical reduction etc, the chemical reduction method allows a researcher to have superior control over the parameters and size. Thus this method is highly efficient because of its simplicity, high yield, speed and low cost [23,24]. This means that the chemical reduction method does not require any complex reaction setup, produces a large amount of product, is less time-consuming and is a cost-effective method [25,26,27]. ...
The Effect of Precursor Concentration on the Crystallinity Synchronization of Synthesized Copper Nanoparticles
Article
  • Aug 2023
  • J CRYST GROWTH
Highly crystalline copper nanoparticles are formed with Chemical Reduction Method (CRM) by the application of an effective capping agent and changing the precursor concentration. In this study, copper sulphate pentahydrate is used as a precursor which is reduced by ascorbic acid. The synthesized nanoparticles are designated as P, Q and R. These are systematically characterized by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), UV-Visible Spectroscopy (UV), Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) coupled with Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy (EDS). XRD ensured that the crystalline phase gradually changes from 79% to 96% with the change in precursor concentration from 0.08 M to 0.10 M. UV analysis shows that due to the high conductivity of copper nanoparticles might have caused the redshift at 630-634nm. TGA show the energy of activation (Ea) of P is 22.90 KJ/mol which is more reactive than Q and R. An excellent arrangement in XRD and TEM confirms the average particle size near about 40 nm, with consists of crystal plane (111), (200) and (220). SAED confirmed the particles are elongated with the miller indices of the synthesized nanomaterials on (111), (200) and (220) planes. The EDS confirmed the purity of nanomaterials up to 86%. The adopted process may be employed to synthesize and synchronize the crystallinity of other metal nanoparticles.
View
... Thus, it is important to design environmentally friendly alternative solvents to reduce and eliminate environmental risks. Alternative solvents include, e.g., water [111], supercritical fluids [116], and ionic liquids [117,118]. The use of water is beneficial to the environment because it is non-toxic, non-flammable, widely available, and in addition, has a low price with abundant reserves. ...
Nanotechnology-General Aspects: A Chemical Reduction Approach to the Synthesis of Nanoparticles
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
  • MOLECULES
The role of nanotechnology is increasingly important in our society. Through it, scientists are acquiring the ability to understand the structure and properties of materials and manipulate them at the scale of atoms and molecules. Nanomaterials are at the forefront of the rapidly growing field of nanotechnology. The synthesis of nanostructured materials, especially metallic nanoparticles, has attracted tremendous interest over the past decade due to their unique properties, making these materials excellent and indispensable in many areas of human activity. These special properties can be attributed to the small size and large specific surface area of nanoparticles, which are very different from those of bulk materials. Nanoparticles of different sizes and shapes are needed for many applications, so a variety of protocols are required to produce monodisperse nanoparticles with controlled morphology. The purpose of this review is firstly to introduce the reader to the basic aspects related to the field of nanotechnology and, secondly, to discuss metallic nanoparticles in greater detail. This article explains the basic concepts of nanotechnology, introduces methods for synthesizing nanoparticles, and describes their types, properties, and possible applications. Of many methods proposed for the synthesis of metal nanoparticles, a chemical reduction is usually preferred because it is easy to perform, cost-effective, efficient, and also allows control of the structural parameters through optimization of the synthesis conditions. Therefore, a chemical reduction method is discussed in more detail-each factor needed for the synthesis of nanoparticles by chemical reduction is described in detail, i.e., metal precursors, solvents, reducing agents, and stabilizers. The methods that are used to characterize nanomaterials are described. Finally, based on the available literature collection, it is shown how changing the synthesis parameters/methods affects the final characteristics of nanoparticles.
View
... Although Cu NPs can be synthesized by various methods like electrochemical, thermal, laser ablation, chemical reduction etc, chemical reduction method allows a researcher to have superior control over the parametrs and size. Thus this method is highly efficient because of its simplicity, high yield, speed and low-cost [11]. ...
One-pot Low-Temperature Synthesis of High Crystalline Cu Nanoparticles
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2023
This research work has developed a classic method to synthesize high crystalline ~50nm copper (Cu) nanoparticles at a low temperature of 80oC. While nanoparticle synthesis is a concern, a rapid chemical reduction method (CRM) was introduced by reducing copper salts and an appropriate capping agent. The capping agent facilities controlled the movement and formation of nanoparticles that were further investigated by X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Thermo-gravimetric Analysis (TGA), Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM), and Selected Area Electron Diffraction (SAED) as well as TEM couple EDS. The such in-depth analysis demonstrates a 100% crystalline phase with having to predominate (111), (200), and (220) planes and 84% purity. The medium and process protocol selection may be adapted to synthesize other nanoparticles for different functional applications.
View
... In our study, with the reaction time and addition of reactants color changed from light yellow, dark yellow to red and eventually to the dark brick brown-red color. A similar observation was reported by Umer et al. (2012Umer et al. ( , 2014, Rahimi et al. (2010), Khalid et al. (2015), and Jain et al. (2015) where they perceived the final colour of the reaction mixture to be dark brown in color. ...
Copper nanoparticles hold promise in the effective management of maize diseases without impairing environmental health
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2023
  • PHYTOPARASITICA
A novel method of management of maize pathogens in vitro and in vivo using newly synthesized copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) has been documented in this study. CuNPs have been synthesized using CuSO4 as a precursor, NaBH4 and ascorbic acid as a reducing agent, and polyethylene glycol 8000 (PEG-8000) as a stabilizing agent. Characterization of CuNPs using a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) confirmed the nanoparticles’ size range of 35–70 nm. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) revealed the association of alcohol groups and allyl halides group with CuNPs. The synthesized CuNPs exhibited significant inhibition at 20 ppm of three pathogenic fungi namely Macrophomina phaseolina, Bipolaris maydis, and Fusarium verticillioides, and at 50 ppm against Rhizoctonia solani. Bactericidal property of CuNPs was evidenced against Erwinia carotovora and Ralstonia solanacearum at 30 ppm. Evaluation of CuNPs in vivo against two diseases viz., maydis leaf blight (MLB) and banded leaf and sheath blight (BLSB) culminated in a reduction in percent disease index (PDI). Seed treatment together with foliar spray @ 300 ppm of CuNPs resulted in a significant reduction of MLB. However, BLSB disease was reduced relatively less at the same aforesaid concentration nevertheless, it was evinced best in controlling BLSB disease. CuNPs were found inimical against beneficial fungi and bacteria. However, a positive effect was observed on soil enzyme activities namely dehydrogenase, urease, and alkaline phosphatase and maize seedling characters viz., shoot length, root length, number of roots per seedlings, fresh and dry weight.
View
Synthesis and Crystallinity Integration of Copper Nanoparticles by Reaction Medium
Article
  • Nov 2023
  • J CRYST GROWTH
High crystallinity copper nanoparticles are synthesized by a novel simple route at low temperatures under a measurable condition of altering the medium of the reaction. The effect of altering the reaction medium on reducing the surface energy of precursors to form high crystalline copper nanoparticles from their sulphate precursors due to facilities for the capping of nanoparticles is studied in this manuscript. In this observation, copper sulfate pentahydrate (CSP) precursors follow a reduction in the presence of ascorbic acid (reducer) and their crystallinity gradually changes up to 100 % while the CSP medium is water (X), methanol (Y) and watermethanol azeotropic mixture (Z), respectively. XRD identified a pure 100 % metallic copper crystalline phase presence in Y. Exhaustive lattice parameters, peak profiling, lattice constant etc. analysis of the conformation. TGA data ensures the oxidation initiation of pure Cu to CuO at an initial 30 ◦C, while the calculated activationenergy is 27.93 KJ/mol of Y. An outstanding approach in XRD as well as TEM shows that the average size of the particle close to 16 to 78 nm depends on the solvent medium. Furthermore, TEM-couple SAED parallelly proves this consists of miller indices (111), (200) and (220) in X, Y but Z in a single crystal of metallic copper phase for the phenomenon of parallel line diffraction. TEM shows the internal spherical shape of the nanoparticles varies from the medium with the regular arrangement in a uniform distribution that consists of very low agglomeration. EDS confirms highly purified copper nanomaterials in Y is 83 % among the X and Z. The operating process could be applied to synthesize and integrate the crystallinity, particle size and crystal shape of different metallic nanoparticles by alternating the reaction medium.
View
A simple and cost-effective synthesis of graphene oxide stabilized glucose-capped copper oxide nanoparticles and its antibacterial properties
Article
  • Jul 2023
A simple and cost-effective approach has been used to synthesize biocompatible nanocomposites of graphene oxide, glucose and copper oxide. Basically, three types of nanocomposites (i.e., Glucose-capped copper oxide nanoparticles, GO stabilized copper oxide nanoparticles and GO stabilized glucose-capped copper oxide nanoparticles) are synthesized at 35, 75, and 100°C. All the nanocomposites are characterized for their physical properties and studied for their antibacterial properties. Antibacterial testing against laboratory strains of Escherichia coli and Bacillus anthracis shows that all the nanocomposites synthesized at 35°C possess better antibacterial activities compared to other nanocomposites and GO. In this study, the order of antibacterial activity for synthesized nanocomposites observed is Cu/Glu/GO > Cu/Glu > Cu/GO, suggesting that the Cu/Glu/GO possess comparatively significant antibacterial properties owing to the synergistic effect of copper, glucose and GO. However, it should be further explored to be an alternative antibacterial agent to overcome antimicrobial resistance in near future.Graphical abstract
View
Essential oil-grafted copper nanoparticles as a potential next-generation fungicide for holistic disease management in maize
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2023
Sustainable food production is necessary to meet the demand of the incessantly growing human population. Phytopathogens pose a major constraint in food production, and the use of conventional fungicides to manage them is under the purview of criticism due to their numerous setbacks. In the present study, essential oil-grafted copper nanoparticles (EGC) were generated, characterized, and evaluated against the maize fungal pathogens, viz., Bipolaris maydis, Rhizoctonia solani f. sp. sasakii, Macrophomina phaseolina, Fusarium verticillioides , and Sclerotium rolfsii . The ED 50 for the fungi under study ranged from 43 to 56 μg ml ⁻¹ , and a significant inhibition was observed at a low dose of 20 μg ml ⁻¹ under in vitro conditions. Under net house conditions, seed treatment + foliar spray at 250 and 500 mg L ⁻¹ of EGC performed remarkably against maydis leaf blight (MLB), with reduced percent disease index (PDI) by 27.116 and 25.292%, respectively, in two Kharif seasons (May-Sep, 2021, 2022). The activity of enzymatic antioxidants, viz. , β-1, 3-glucanase, PAL, POX, and PPO, and a non-enzymatic antioxidant (total phenolics) was increased in treated maize plants, indicating host defense was triggered. The optimum concentrations of EGC (250 mg L ⁻¹ and 500 mg L ⁻¹ ) exhibited improved physiological characteristics such as photosynthetic activity, shoot biomass, plant height, germination percentage, vigor index, and root system traits. However, higher concentrations of 1,000 mg L ⁻¹ rendered phytotoxicity, reducing growth, biomass, and copper bioaccumulation to high toxic levels, mainly in the foliar-sprayed maize leaves. In addition, EGC and copper nanoparticles (CuNPs) at 1,000 mg L ⁻¹ reduced the absorption and concentration of manganese and zinc indicating a negative correlation between Cu and Mn/Zn. Our study proposes that the CuNPs combined with EO (Clove oil) exhibit astounding synergistic efficacy against maize fungal pathogens and optimized concentrations can be used as an alternative to commercial fungicides without any serious impact on environmental health.
View
Facile photosynthesis of novel porphyrin-derived nanocomposites containing Ag, Ag/Au, and Ag/Cu for photobactericidal study
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2023
In this research, the one-step synthesis of novel porphyrin-based nanocomposites was performed easily using a photochemical under visible light illumination strategy. As a result, the focus of this research is on synthesizing and using decorated ZnTPP (zinc(II)tetrakis(4-phenyl)porphyrin) nanoparticles with Ag, Ag/AgCl/Cu, and Au/Ag/AgCl nanostructures as antibacterial agents. Initially, ZnTPP NPs were synthesized as a result of the self-assembly of ZnTPP. In the next step, in a visible-light irradiation photochemically process, the self-assembled ZnTPP nanoparticles were used to make ZnTPP/Ag NCs, ZnTPP/Ag/AgCl/Cu NCs, and ZnTPP/Au/Ag/AgCl NCs. A study on the antibacterial activity of nanocomposites was carried out for Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus as pathogen microorganisms by the plate count method, well diffusion tests, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) values determination. Thereafter, the reactive oxygen species (ROS) were determined by the flow cytometry method. All the antibacterial tests and the flow cytometry ROS measurements were carried out under LED light and in dark. The (3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay was applied to investigate the cytotoxicity of the ZnTPP/Ag/AgCl/Cu NCs, against Human foreskin fibroblast (HFF-1) normal cells. Due to the specific properties such as admissible photosensitizing properties of porphyrin, mild reaction conditions, high antibacterial properties in the presence of LED light, crystal structure, and green synthesis, these nanocomposites were recognized as kinds of antibacterial materials that are activated in visible light, got the potential for use in a broad range of medical applications, photodynamic therapy, and water treatment.
View
Hybrid materials based on chitosan functionalized with green synthesized copper nanoparticles: Physico-chemical and antimicrobial analysis
Article
  • May 2023
  • INT J BIOL MACROMOL
Recently, the development of materials with antimicrobial properties has become a challenge under scrutiny. The incorporation of copper nanoparticles (NpCu) into a chitosan matrix appears to represent a viable strategy to contain the particles and prevent their oxidation. Regarding the physical properties, the nanocomposite films (CHCu) showed a decrease in the elongation at break (5 %) and an increase in the tensile strength of 10 % concerning chitosan films (control). They also showed solubility values lower than 5 % while the swelling diminished by 50 %, on average. The dynamical mechanical analysis (DMA) of nanocomposites revealed two thermal events located at 113° and 178 °C, which matched the glass transitions of the CH-enriched phase and nanoparticles-enriched phase, respectively. In addition, the thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) detected a greater stability of the nanocomposites. Chitosan films and the NpCu-loaded nanocomposites demonstrated excellent antibacterial capacity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, proved through diffusion disc, zeta potential, and ATR-FTIR techniques. Additionally, the penetration of individual NpCu particles into bacterial cells and the leakage of cell content were verified by TEM. The mechanism of the antibacterial activity of the nanocomposites involved the interaction of chitosan with the bacterial outer membrane or cell wall and the diffusion of the NpCu through the cells. These materials could be applied in diverse fields of biology, medicine, or food packaging.
View
Construction of enriched CuO/Cu2O electrode materials with discrete heteroatom-doped graphene oxide and investigation of capacitance performance for symmetrical supercapacitor application
Article
  • May 2023
Supercapacitors are important energy storage systems that need to be investigated for next-generation clean energy continuity, but their capacitance, energy densities, and discharge times need to be improved with a suitable electrode material. Herein, the galvanostatic electrodeposition method for supercapacitors has successfully synthesized copper-based electrodes containing separately S-, N-, and Cl-doped GO. The electrodes offer the perfect surface for enhancing the specific surface area and providing electrically active fields for the Faraday reaction. The Cl-GO@CuO/Cu2O electrode shows a maximum capacity of 577 F g−1 at 5 mV s−1. In addition, the Cl-GO@CuO/Cu2O symmetric supercapacitor achieved a maximum energy density of 25.3 Wh kg−1 and maximum power density of 700.0 W kg−1. With capacitance retention of 97.07%, the device exhibits stability for up to 2000 cycles.
View
Effect of the Electric Field on the Antibacterial Activity of Au Nanoparticles on Some Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2014
Metal nanoparticles are being extensively used in various biomedical applications due to their small size to volume ratio and extensive thermal stability. Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are an obvious choice due to their amenability of synthesis and functionalization, less toxicity and ease of detection. The synthesis and bioactivity of gold nanoparticles has been extensively studied. The present study was focused on method to increase the activity and the efficacy of the antibacterial activity of gold nanoparticles which produced by laser ablation of 1064 nm wavelength and three energy powers (400,500,600) mJ were applied to produced gold nanoparticles with different sizes on Gram-positive isolate (Staphylococcus aureus) and the Gram-negative isolate(Pseudomonas aeroginosa). It was found that using the agar well diffusion assay method which showed that the individually of AuNPs of 0.2 mg/ml concentration have no synergistic effect on the studied Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas. So, a new modified technique was made on these AuNPs with the same concentration to increase their antibacterial activity, is exposure the gold nanoparticles colloidal to 1500 v/m applied electric field which resulting to be an effective AuNPs with inhibition properties against Gram-positive isolates (Staphylococcus aureus) contrary to nanoparticles that was not exposed to electric field with the same concentration. Cite This Article: Thamir Jumaa, Maysaa Chasib, Mazin K. Hamid, and Raad Al-Haddad, " Effect of the Electric Field on the Antibacterial Activity of Au Nanoparticles on Some Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria.
View
Synthesis of Copper Nanoparticles by Thermal Decomposition and Their Antimicrobial Properties
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2013
Copper nanoparticles were synthesized by thermal decomposition using copper chloride, sodium oleate, and phenyl ether as solvent agents. The formation of nanoparticles was evidenced by the X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy. The peaks in the XRD pattern correspond to the standard values of the face centered cubic (fcc) structure of metallic copper and no peaks of other impurity crystalline phases were detected. TEM analysis showed spherical nanoparticles with sizes in the range of 4 to 18 nm. The antibacterial properties of copper nanoparticles were evaluated in vitro against strains of Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antibacterial activity of copper nanoparticles synthesized by thermal decomposition showed significant inhibitory effect against these highly multidrug-resistant bacterial strains.
View
Development of Cu Nanoparticle Loaded Oil Palm Fibre Reinforced Nanocomposite
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2013
Functionalized copper nanoparticles (FCuNPs) have been synthesized by chemical reduction method and polyvinyl al-cohol (PVA) performed as a stabilizer in that medium. Analysis observed that the average size of the synthesized FCuNPs was 3.5 nm. The obtained FCuNPs were loaded in the oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) natural fibre. Before the loading of FCuNPs in EFB fibres, the surface of the fibres is tailored by the cationic agent CHPTAC since they have a natural tendency to exhibit negatively charged surface owing to the presence of large amount of hydroxyl groups. Thereafter, different types of composite were developed and their properties were studied. The composites were devel-oped by using the untreated empty fruit bunch (UEFB) fibres and FCuNPs loaded EFB (NP-CAEFB) fibres with com-mercially available unsaturated polyester resin (UPER). The synthesized composites were characterized through FTIR, FESEM, XRD, DSC, tensile strength tests, etc. The obtained biodegradation results indicated that significant weight loss was not observed for neat PER and PER/FNP-CAEFB nanocomposite, whereas, the UEFB/VUPER composite showed ca. 21.4% weight loss at 90 days, which was considered rationally due to the preferential degradation of the fibre.
View
Synthesis, characterization and antibacterial activity of copper, nickel and bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles for potential use in dental materials
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2014
The antibacterial effect is a desirable property in dental materials. Development of simple methods for the preparation of nanosized metal particles has attracted significant attention because of their future applications due to unusual size-dependent antibacterial properties. Copper (Cu), Nickel (Ni) and bimetallic Cu–Ni nanoparticles were prepared by a simple chemical method and their antibacterial activity was tested against the widely used standard human pathogens Staphylococcus aureus (gram-negative) and Escherichia coli (gram-positive). Additionally, these nanoparticles were tested against the dental pathogen Streptococcus mutans. Our results are promising for potential use in dental materials science.
View
Selection of a suitable method for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2012
Various methods for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles employing chemical, physical and biological techniques considering bottom-up and top-down methods synthesis have been studied. The properties of copper nanoparticles depend largely on their synthesis procedures. The results from various investigations performed by different scientists using these methods have been summarized. The applications, characterization techniques, advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis method are also the point of discussion. A detailed study of the results reveals that chemical reduction methods are most suitable for the synthesis of copper nanoparticles. Chemical reduction of copper salts using ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) is a new and green approach in which ascorbic acid is used both as the reduction and capping agent. This approach is the most effective and is also economical. Wide applications have been reported in various fields, including heat transfer, catalyst production, electronics and medicine at a commercial scale. This process is nontoxic, environment-friendly and economical. The applications, characterization techniques, advantages and disadvantages of each synthesis method have been presented.
View
Antibacterial activity of Silver and Gold Nanoparticles against Streptococcus,Staphylococcus aureus and E.coli ‫
Article
  • Jan 2012
Gold and silver nanoparticles colloids were produced by irradiating a metallic target plates with a thickness of 1mm immersed in distilled water with a pulsed laser beam. Antibacterial properties of silver and gold nanoparticles are attributed to their total surface area, as a larger surface to volume ratio of nanoparticles provides more efficient means for enhanced antibacterial activity. Gold and silver nanoparticules was reducing gram positive and gram negative bacterial growth. Staphylococcus was revealed more inhabition zone than Streptococcus ,and E.coli
View
Synthesis of copper precursor, copper and its oxide nanoparticles by green chemical reduction method and its antimicrobial activity
Article
  • May 2013
The present investigation reports, the novel synthesis of Copper and Copper oxide nanoparticles using Chemical reduction method and its physicochemical characterization. The nanoparticles have been prepared using Copper (II) succinate as precursor. Copper nanoparticles are initially formed and subsequently oxidized to copper oxide. As reported the nanoparticles were characterized by UV-visible spectroscopy, Fourier transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction measurements (XRD) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). SEM analysis exhibited nanoparticles with an average diameter of about 45nm. XRD analysis revealed broad pattern of fcc crystal structure of copper metal and cubic cuprites structure for Cu2O. The antimicrobial properties of copper nanoparticles were investigated using Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, and Staphylococcus aureus. The bactericidal effects of copper nanoparticles were studied based on diameter of inhibition zone in disk diffusion tests of nanoparticles dispersed in batch cultures. The copper nanoparticles showed excellent activity against Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus, with excellent inhibition zones of 14 mm and 10 mm, respectively. Bacterial sensitivity to nanoparticles was found to vary depending on the microbial species.
View
Biological Applications
Chapter
  • Jul 2005
Provides an introduction to those needing to use infrared spectroscopy for the first time, explaining the fundamental aspects of this technique, how to obtain a spectrum and how to analyse infrared data covering a wide range of applications. Includes instrumental and sampling techniques Covers biological and industrial applications Includes suitable questions and problems in each chapter to assist in the analysis and interpretation of representative infrared spectra Part of the ANTS (Analytical Techniques in the Sciences) Series.
View
Investigation on synthesis and size control of copper nanoparticle via chemical reduction method
Article
  • Sep 2011
  • INT J PHYS SCI
Copper nanoparticles were synthesized and the effect of the operating conditions via both chemical and electrochemical synthesis methods was investigated in this paper. In the chemical reduction method, copper nanoparticles were prepared in a copper sulfate solution using NaBH4 as reducing agent and then stabilized in the presence of polyvinylpyrrolidone under nitrogen atmosphere. Temperature and concentration ratio of reducing agent to precursor influenced the synthetic progress and size of the copper nanoparticles. Copper nanoparticles with average particle size 30 nm were formed when the concentration ratio is greater than 2 in the temperatures range from 60 to 75°C. In the electrochemical deposition method, copper nanoparticles were prepared using a bath containing homogeneously acidified copper sulfate solution. The nanoparticles were formed as spongy layers on the plating electrode which is easily separated. Average particle size 10 nm of copper nanoparticles is obtained with controlling of the electrolyte concentration and current density. The comparison shows that electrochemical deposition gives finer particle of copper but size controlling of the nanoparticles are more controllable than the chemical reduction method.
View
Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from Copper Nanoparticles Obtained by Laser Ablation
Article
  • Mar 2011
  • J PHYS CHEM C
Copper colloidal nanoparticles are obtained by laser ablation in aqueous solutions of ligands by nanosecond laser pulses at 532 and 1064 nm and examined by localized surface plasmon resonance (LSPR) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) spectroscopy, along with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and zeta potential measurements. This fabrication method, besides providing SERS-active substrates without spectral interferences of reagents, as it generally occurs for the chemical reduction of metal ions, allows obtaining colloidal suspensions which are stable in time because the copper particles are capped by ligand molecules as long as they are formed by laser ablation. This prevents aggregation among metal nanoparticles and probably reduces overall oxidation of the copper surface.
View