Nagendra Kumar Kaushik

Kwangwoon University · Department of Electrical and Biological Physics

Increasing the number of resistant bacteria resistant to treatment is one of the leading causes of death worldwide. These bacteria are created in wounds and injuries and can be transferred through hospital equipment. Various attempts have been made to treat these bacteria in recent years, such as using different drugs and new sterilization methods....

Pulp therapy has been emerged as a one of the efficient therapies in the field of endodontics. Among different types of new endodontic materials, pulpotec has been materialized as a recognized material for vital pulp therapy. However, its efficacy has been challenged due to lack of information about its cellular biocompatibility. This study evaluat...

Herein, we demonstrate a facile, low-cost approach of using hand-drawn pencil on paper to construct a flexible dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) plasma device. The pencil trace on the paper's surface acts as the high voltage electrodes. The pencil-on-paper (PoP) plasma device could produce atmospheric pressure plasma in ambient conditions and full...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an air gas soft jet CAP for its potential use in removing oral biofilms, given that plasma-based technologies have emerged as promising methods in periodontology. Two types of biofilms were developed, one by Streptococcus mutans UA 159 bacterial strain and the other by a complex mi...

The Moloney murine leukemia virus (PIM) kinases, pivotal players in cancer progression, exhibit overexpression across diverse malignancies. PIM1, PIM2, and PIM3 isoforms, resembling each other closely, regulate tumorigenesis by modulating cell proliferation and survival. Targeting these short-lived kinases offers a promising therapeutic avenue with...

Viruses can spread through contaminated aerosols and contaminated surface materials, and effective disinfection techniques are essential for virus inactivation. Nonthermal plasma‐generated reactive oxygen and nitrogen species can effectively inactivate the coronavirus. We aim to interpret the coronavirus inactivation level and mechanism of surface...

Tumor suppressor genes and proto-oncogenes comprise most of the complex genomic landscape associated with cancer, with a minimal number of genes exhibiting dual-context-dependent functions. The transcription factor cellular promoter 2 (TFCP2), a pivotal transcription factor encoded by the alpha globin transcription factor CP2 gene, is a constituent...

This study compares the performance of a highly sensitive ethanol sensor incorporating a zinc oxide (ZnO) nanostructured film with that of (1–3) % tin-doped zinc oxide (Sn–ZnO) nanostructured films across a wide range of ethanol concentrations from 0.5 to 400 ppm. X-ray diffraction analysis confirms the polycrystalline structure of Sn–ZnO films, wi...

This study assessed the medicinal properties of Euphorbia resinifera O. Berg (E. resinifera) and Euphorbia officinarum subsp echinus (Hook.f. and Coss.) Vindt (Euphorbia echinus, known for their pharmaceutical benefits. Extracts from their flowers, stems, propolis, and honey were examined for phenolic content, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and an...

The vaccine is a premier healthcare intervention strategy in the battle against infectious infections. However, the development and production of vaccines present challenges in terms of complexity, cost, and time consumption. Alternative methodologies, such as nonthermal plasma and plant‐based technologies, have emerged as potential alternatives fo...

The aggrandised advancement in utility of advanced day-today materials and nanomaterials has raised serious concern on their biocompatibility with human and other biotic members. In last few decades, understanding of toxicity of these materials has been given the centre stage of research using many in vitro and in vivo models. Zebrafish (Danio reri...

In the present work, investigation of the choline chloride-urea base deep eutectic solvents (DES) in various solvents has been performed to explore the change in interaction between choline chloride and urea. A comparative study of various thermodynamic and physiochemical properties of DES in different solvents have been conducted. TD-DFT of the de...

Pesticides have been an integral part of modern agriculture as their use ensures good harvests. However, excessive use of pesticides in the last few decades has caused significant environmental degradation. Moreover, excessive use of pesticides causes stress on crops and non-target plants and exhibits toxicity to other organisms including mammals,...

Objective: Cold atmospheric plasma (CAP) is a novel therapeutic approach for cancer treatment. It can be used to treat liquids - plasma-activated media (PAM) - which are then transferred to the target as an exogenous source of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS). The present study aimed at chemically characterizing different PAM and assessi...

S. enterica, S. flexneri, and V. parahaemolyticus bacteria are globally recognized to cause severe diarrheal diseases, consisting of Type III Secretion System (T3SS) effectors that help in bacterial infection and virulence in host cells. This study investigates the properties of multi-electrode cylindrical DBD plasma-generated nitric oxide water (M...

The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial efficacy of an air gas soft jet CAP for its potential use in removing oral biofilms, given that plasma-based technologies have emerged as promising methods in periodontology. Two types of biofilms were developed, one by Streptococcus mutans UA 159 bacterial strain and the other by a complex mi...

Diabetes is one of the most significant causes of death all over the world. This illness, due to abnormal blood glucose levels, leads to impaired wound healing and, as a result, foot ulcers. These ulcers cannot heal quickly in diabetic patients and may finally result in amputation. In recent years, different research has been conducted to heal diab...

In recent decade, nanotechnology has got an extensive advancement in terms of production and application of nanomaterials. With the advancement, concern has risen for their biomedical and ecological safety, provoking a detailed analysis of the safety assement. Numerous experimental and computational approach has been developed to accomplish the goa...

The usage of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) is expected to aggrandize for different ecological applications, owing to inimitable physical, chemical, and biological properties. The need of hour propels the quest for new technologies concerning eco-compatible synthesis of AgNPs and their hybrid forms with higher biocompatibility and maximum efficacy. T...

This study explored the use of multicylindrical dielectric barrier discharge (MC–DBD) plasma technology to eliminate diesel fuel contamination from the soil. This study also assessed the environmental impact of plasma-generated reactive species on soil properties, plant growth, and the safety of microbial and human skin cells using various analytic...

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been responsible for the initiation of the global pandemic since 2020. The virus spreads through contaminated air particles, fomite, and surface-contaminated porous (i.e., paper, wood, and masks) and non-porous (i.e., plastic, stainless steel, and glass) materials. The persistence of...

This study investigated the effects of spark dielectric barrier discharge (SDBD) plasma on water sterilization and seed germination using an in-situ treatment method. The plasma diagnostics used I–V characteristics and optical emission spectroscopy. The electron, rotational, and vibrational temperature, as well as electron density were measured. Th...

Emerging multidrug resistant (MDR) serovar of Salmonella has raised the concern of their impactful effect on pathogenic infection and mortality in human lead by the enteric diseases. In order to combat the battle against these MDR Salmonella pathogen, new drug molecules need to be evaluated for their potent antibacterial application. This study eva...

The major issue with active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) is their slow dissolution rate and solubility. This makes them less likely to get into the body and less bioavailable. About 40 % of the drugs already on the market and 90 % being made have APIs that do not dissolve well in water. To deal with this problem, authors have designed eutectic...

A biofilm is a population of sessile microorganisms that has a distinct organized structure and characteristics like channels and projections. Good oral hygiene and reduction in the prevalence of periodontal diseases arise from minimal biofilm accumulation in the mouth, however, studies focusing on modifying the ecology of oral biofilms have not ye...

The extensive use of Chlorpyrifos (CP) as insecticide has raised concern to their hazardous impact on human health and ecosystems. Bioremediation has been proved as one of the key eco-compatible method for reducing these environmental toxicants. This study explores and evaluate the effectiveness of a combined process including solar Photo-Fenton pr...

This special issue delivers an applied and basic platform for exchanging advanced approaches or research performance that link the plasma physics research in cell biology, cancer treatments, immunomodulation, stem cell differentiation, nanomaterial synthesis, and their applications, agriculture and food processing, microbial inactivation, water dec...

Novel biocompatible and efficient photothermal (PT) therapeutic materials for cancer treatment have recently garnered significant attention, owing to their effective ablation of cancer cells, minimal invasiveness, quick recovery, and minimal damage to healthy cells. In this study, we designed and developed calcium ion-doped magnesium ferrite nanopa...

The increasing demand for plastic in our daily lives has led to global plastic pollution. The improper disposal of plastic has resulted in a massive amount of atmospheric microplastics (MPs), which has further resulted in the production of atmospheric nanoplastics (NPs). Because of its intimate relationship with the environment and human health, mi...

Medicinal plants are used from prehistoric time to cure various life-threatening bacterial diseases. Acorus calamus is an important medicinal plant widely used to cure gastrointestinal, respiratory, kidney and liver disorders. The objective of the current research was to investigate the interaction of major phytoconstituents of Acorus calamus with...

Viral infection treatment is a difficult task due to its complex structure and metabolism. Additionally, viruses can alter the metabolism of host cells, mutate, and readily adjust to harsh environments. Coronavirus stimulates glycolysis, weakens mitochondrial activity, and impairs infected cells. In this study, we investigated the efficacy of 2-DG...

Despite the recent advances in cancer therapy, triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) are the most relapsing cancer sub-type. It is partly due to their propensity to develop resistance against the available therapies. An intricate network of regulatory molecules in cellular mechanisms leads to the development of resistance in tumors. Non-coding RNA...

Seed germination is a complex physiological process initiated by water uptake and results in the emergence of radicles and plumules. Because water uptake is a prerequisite for germination, the presence of a hydrophobic or water-impermeable seed coat can limit the process of germination. Therefore, researchers are eager to modify the seed coat surfa...

Recent reports regarding plasma and plasma-treated liquids against viruses suggested satisfactory virus inactivation or sterilization strategies to decrease contamination or treat viral diseases. In this chapter, we have discussed the role of various plasma sources on different viruses linked with viral diseases and their selectivity. Nonthermal pl...

Plasma has been broadly developed as an encouraging safe method for cancer treatment and immune modulations. The selectivity of plasma regarding cancer cells in comparison with their normal counterparts has attracted researchers as a novel cancer treatment method. In plasma bioscience and medicines areas, both direct plasma treatment and plasma-tre...

Microwaves have been incorporated into nearly every part of our life because to the tremendous innovations in science, technology, and inventive high-power microwave (HPMW)-based systems. Due to improvements in electronics and novel microwave-based systems, microwave radiation has become a necessary part of modern life and is difficult to avoid the...

Thin films of zinc oxide (ZnO) were deposited on glass substrates using chemical bath deposition (CBD) by varying the deposition time from one to three hours. The structural, morphological, optical, and responsiveness of the ZnO thin films to formaldehyde gas at room temperature were studied with respect to the nanoparticle grain sizes. The average...

Cold atmospheric plasma-treated liquids (PTLs) exhibit selective toxicity toward tumor cells and are provoked by a cocktail of reactive oxygen and nitrogen species in such liquids. Compared to the gaseous phase, these reactive species are more persistent in the aqueous phase. This indirect plasma treatment method has gradually gathered interest in...

Emerging bio-contaminants such as viruses have affected health and environment settings of every country. Viruses are the minuscule entities resulting in severe contagious diseases like SARS, MERS, Ebola, and avian influenza. Recent epidemic like the SARS-CoV-2, the virus has undergone mutations strengthen them and allowing to escape from the remed...

Short nucleotide sequences like miRNA and siRNA have attracted a lot of interest in Oral-biome investigations. miRNA is a small class of non-coding RNA that regulates gene expression to provide effective regulation of post-transcription. On contrary, siRNA is 21–25 nucleotide dsRNA impairing gene function post-transcriptionally through inhibition o...

Over time, the proportion of resistant bacteria will increase. This is a major concern. Therefore, effective and biocompatible therapeutic strategies against these bacteria are urgently needed. Non-thermal plasma has been exhaustively characterized for its antibacterial activity. This study aims to investigate the inactivation efficiency and mechan...

The precise synthesis of interconnected and porous microstructured electrode materials for supercapacitor application is always challenging to obtain maximum surface area for electrode–electrolyte interaction. Herein, the interconnected microstructured morphology of NiCo2O4 is synthesized via an inexpensive chemical route viz hydrothermal method. S...

Beneficial natural products utilized in cosmetics formulation and pharmaceutical applications are of enormous interest. Lily (Lilium) serves as an essential edible and medicinal plant species with wide classification. Here, we have performed the screening of various extracts that were prepared from flower petals grown from the bulbs of eight Lilium...

Recently nanotechnology has evolved as one of the most revolutionary technologies in the world. It has now become a multi-trillion-dollar business that covers the production of physical, chemical, and biological systems at scales ranging from atomic and molecular levels to a wide range of industrial applications, such as electronics, medicine, and...

This study investigated the effects of plasma duration and different reactive species ratios of cold atmospheric-pressure plasma treatment on both physical and endogenous hormone changes in enhancing the germination and growth of mung bean seeds. Seed germination and sprout stem length were significantly enhanced after plasma treatment. The germina...

The genus Euphorbia includes about 2,000 species commonly widespread in both temperate and tropical zones that contain poisonous milky juice fluid or latex. Many species have been used in traditional and complementary medicine for the treatment of various health issues such as dropsy, paralysis, deafness, wounds, warts on the skin, and amaurosis. T...

The first infection case of new coronavirus was reported at the end of 2019 and after then, the cases are reported in all nations in a very short period. Further, the regular news of mutations in the virus has made life restricted with appropriate behavior. To date, a new strain (Omicron and its new subvariant Omicron XE) has brought fear amongst u...

Graphene oxide is a two-dimensional carbon nanomaterial and has gained huge popularity over the last decade as graphene can be dispersed in water easily and it is one of the most researched two-dimensional materials in the current time. The extraordinary properties shown by graphene oxide (GO) are due to its unique chemical structure; includes vari...

The ecotoxicological effect of after-usage released TiO2 nanoparticles in aquatic resources has been a major concern owing to their production and utilization in different applications. Addressing the issue, this study investigates the detailed in vivo molecular toxicity of TiO2 nanoparticles with Paramecium caudatum. TiO2 nanoparticles were synthe...

Nanostructured binary metal oxides have shown their potential for improved electrochemical performance due to their structural stability, electronic conductivity, and multiple oxidation states. Herein, uniform NiCo2O4 nanoballs were successfully prepared using the chemical hydrothermal process with various reaction times (5 h, 8 h, 14 h) followed b...

Nano-based products have become an apparent and effective option to treat liver cancer, which is a deadly disease, and minimize or eradicate these problems. The Core-shell ZnO microspheres composed of nanoclusters (ZnOMS-NCs) have shown that it is very worthwhile to administer the proliferation rate in HepG2 and MCF-7 cancer cells even at a very lo...

In this work, DFT calculations for the designed eutectic mixtures (EMs) using oxoazolidine 2,4-dione (OZD) and zinc chloride (ZnCl2) are done. The interaction between the hydrogen bond donor and hydrogen bond acceptor at atomic level to get EMs are studied using DFT calculations. At room temperature, the stability of these various systems have been...

In the present work, we have synthesized manganese oxide (Mn3O4) nanoparticles (NPs) using the facile hydrothermal route at different pH (9, 10. 11). The effect of the pH variation on the structural and electrochemical properties of the synthesized Mn3O4 NPs. Synthesized NPs are characterized using XRD, SEM, EDS, TEM, BET, cyclic voltammetry, galva...

The eutectic mixture is a mixture of two or more components and freezes congruently; it is helpful for many applications. In this work, we have designed the eutectic mixture based on the thiourea and salicylic acid in the different equivalent ratios (1:1, 1:2, 1:3, 1:4, 2:1; 3:1 and 4:1); were studied with the help of density functional theory (DFT...

Since November 2019, SARS-CoV-2 has been a matter of global concern due to its rapid spread, the millions of deaths it caused, and repeated waves of infections. One after another, many variants of this novel virus have come into existence due to its constant mutability, specifically in the spike glycoprotein region. The tally for variants of concer...

Plasma-treated media (PTM) serve as an adjuvant therapy to postoperatively remove residual cancerous lesions. We speculated that PTM could selectively kill cells infected with Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) and remove postoperative residual tuberculous lesions. We therefore investigated the effects of a medium exposed to a non-thermal plasma jet...

Ozone has been used for surface disinfection to contain bacterial, fungal, mold, and certain viral infections; however, the use of ozone generated from nonthermal plasma devices have not been thoroughly investigated for surface disinfection. Here, we aimed to determine the impact of nonthermal plasma‐generated ozone (PGO) on the coronavirus. Human...

Binary metal oxide with a mesoporous microstructure has been considered as a potential candidate electrode material for supercapacitor. The mesoporous microstructure of binary metal oxide improves electric conductivity. A mesoporous hexagonal microstructure of NiCo2O4 nanorods has been fabricated by a chemical hydrothermal method. Mesoporous hexago...

The ongoing pandemic caused by the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, is influencing global health. Moreover, there is a major threat of future coronaviruses affecting the entire world in a similar, or even more dreadful, manner. Therefore, effective and biocompatible therapeutic options against coronaviruses are urgently needed. To address this challe...

Plasma jets simultaneously create a wide range of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), making selective production challenging. In this study, an attempt was made to address this problem by adjusting the downstream length of the plasma jet to regulate reactive species production in an AC-driven argon plasma jet. Jets w...

The microrods and microballs of NiCo2O4 are successfully synthesized by the hydrothermal method. The effect of ammonium hydroxide and ammonium fluoride on the surface microstructure is observed. The prepared microrods and microballs of NiCo2O4 are analyzed by various analytical tools like powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), scanning electron microscop...

Presently, nanocarriers (NCs) have gained huge attention for their structural ability, good biocompatibility, and biodegradability. The development of effective NCs with stimuli-responsive properties has acquired a huge interest among scientists. When developing drug delivery NCs, the fundamental goal is to tackle the delivery-related problems asso...

Human papillomavirus (HPV) induced cervical cancer is becoming a major cause of mortality in women. The present research aimed to identify the natural inhibitors of HPV-18 E1 protein (1R9W) from Himalayan herbs with lesser toxicity and higher potency. In this study, one hundred nineteen phytoconstituents of twenty important traditional medicinal pl...

Excess amounts of redox stress and failure to regulate homeostatic levels of reactive species are associated with several skin pathophysiologic conditions. Nonmalignant cells are assumed to cope better with higher reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (RONS) levels. However, the effect of periodic stress on this balance has not been investigated in...

Nonthermal biocompatible plasma (NBP) sources operating in atmospheric pressure environments and their characteristics can be used for plasma bioscience, medicine, and hygiene applications, especially for COVID-19 and citizen. This review surveyed the various NBP sources, including a plasma jet, micro-DBD (dielectric barrier discharge) and nanoseco...

Background Outbreaks of airborne viral infections, such as COVID-19, can cause panic regarding other severe respiratory syndrome diseases that may develop and affect public health. It is therefore necessary to develop control methods that offer protection against such viruses. Aim of Review: To identify a feasible solution for virus deactivation,...

Silica nanoparticles (n-SiO2), graphene nanosheets (n-Gr) and graphene oxide nanosheets (n-GO) were synthe�sized from the cost-effective biomass rice husk ash (RHA) by the simple chemical process. The crystallite size and micro-strain of all samples were calculated from XRD-peak profile analysis to be 1.5 - 5.4 nm and 8.11 - 28.64 MPa, respective...

COVID-19 has threatened the existence of humanity andthis infection occurs due to SARS-CoV-2 or novel coronavirus, was first reported in Wuhan, China. Therefore, there is a need to find a promising drug to cure the people suffering from the infection. The second wave of this viral infection was shaking the world in the first half of 2021. Drugs Con...

The new coronavirus is trying the kill the humanity with its infectious nature and its first infection was reported in 2019; named as COVID-19. Health-care systems are using repurposing drugs to cure the patients from this infection. Remdesivir found to have good potential against the infection and is being extensively used during the 1st and 2nd w...

Plasma jets simultaneously create a wide range of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and reactive nitrogen species (RNS), making selective production challenging. In this study, an attempt was made to address this problem by adjusting the downstream length of the plasma jet to regulate reactive species production in an AC-driven argon plasma jet. Jets w...

This paper compared the effects of A. indica plant proteins over chemical methods in the morphology of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) prepared by a co-precipitation method, and ethanol sensing performance of prepared thin films deposited over a fluorene-doped tin oxide (FTO) bind glass substrate using spray pyrolysis technique. The average crys...

Although the skin is constantly subjected to endogenous and exogenous stress, it maintains a homeostatic state through wound repair and regeneration pathways. Treatment for skin diseases and injury requires a significant understanding of the various mechanisms and interactions that occur within skin cells. Keratinocytes and fibroblasts interact wit...

Carcinogenesis is a major concern that severely affects the human population. Owing to persistent demand for novel therapies to treat and prohibit this lethal disease, research interest among scientists is drawing its huge focus toward natural products, as they have minimum toxicity comparable with existing treatment methods. The plants produce sec...

Nonthermal atmospheric pressure biocompatible plasma (NBP), alternatively called bio-cold plasma, is a partially ionized gas that consists of charged particles, neutral atoms and molecules, photons, an electric field, and heat. Recently, nonthermal plasma-based technology has been applied to bioscience, medicine, agriculture, food processing, and s...

The pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) is the most common pathway in most cancer cells and stimulates antioxidant defense mechanisms and synthesis of biomolecule precursors. It is believed that cancer cells persistently ameliorate glucose flux into the PPP to maintain their anabolic requirements and adjust oxidative stress. TCGA analyses have indicate...