Attendance Monitoring System of Students Based on Biometric and GPS Tracking System

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International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-3, Mar- 2017]
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Attendance Monitoring System of Students
Based on Biometric and GPS Tracking System
J.Chandramohan1, R.Nagarajan2, M. Ashok kumar3, T.Dineshkumar4, G.Kannan5,
R.Prakash6
1Asst. Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, India.
2Professor, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal, India.
3,4,5,6 U.G. Students, Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gnanamani College of Technology, Namakkal,
India.
Abstract—This paper is a study of a fingerprint
recognition system based on minutiae based fingerprint
algorithms used in various techniques. This line of track
mainly involves extraction of minutiae points from the
model fingerprint images and fingerprint matching based
on the number of minutiae pairings among to
fingerprints. This paper also provides the design method
of fingerprint based student attendance with help of GSM.
This system ignores the requirement for stationary
materials and personnel for keeping of records. The main
objective of this project is to develop an embedded
system, which is used for security applications. The
biometrics technology is rapidly progressing and offers
attractive opportunities. In recent years, biometric
authentication has grown in popularity as a means of
personal identification in college administration systems.
The prominent biometric methods that may be used for
authentication include fingerprint, palmprint, and
handprint, face recognition, speech recognition, dental
and eye biometrics. In this paper, a microcontroller based
prototype of attendance system using fingerprint sensor
and face recognition module is implemented. The tracking
module is used here to identify the location of the missing
person.
Keywords— GSM, GPS, FINGER PRINT, LCD.
I. INTRODUCTION
The fingerprints are one of the main forms in biometric
field which used to identify the individual and their
uniqueness. Fingerprint authentication is one of popular
authentication systems in the world. Due to their
consistency and uniqueness it is used widely. There are
several sources available for the collection and their
established use [1]. In the past, magnetic card attendance
system was widely used. But, this system has lot of bugs
in it. The card may be lost or damaged. This fingerprint
attendance system is highly secure and cannot be forged
easily. In recent time, there has been high level of
impersonation experienced on a daily basis in both private
and public sectors, the ghost worker syndrome which has
become a menace across all tiers of government,
employers concerns over the levels of employee absence
in their workforce and the difficulty in managing student
attendance during lecture periods. Fingerprints are a form
of biometric identification which is unique and does not
change in one’s entire lifetime. This paper presents the
attendance management system using fingerprint
technology in a university environment. It consists of two
processes namely; enrolment and authentication.
During enrolment, the fingerprint of the user is captured
and its unique features extracted and stored in a database
along with the users identity as a template for the subject.
The unique features called minutiae points were exacted
using the Crossing Number (CN) method which extracts
the ridge endings and bifurcations from the skeleton
image by examining the local neighborhoods of each
ridge pixel using a 3x3 window [2]. During
authentication, the fingerprint of the user is captured
again and the extracted features compared with the
template in the database to determine a match before
attendance is made.
Attendance management system is one of the most
advanced applications in biometric technology. It cannot
be forged easily. With the integration and use of
biometric technology getting simpler, many institutions
are using down the biometric road to verify the time and
attendance of their students and staffs. The system also
contains a GMS Modem, which can be used to send the
attendance information of the students automatically to
their parents. The Embedded system using a small LCD
user interface can be interfaced with the computer by
using serial communication interface. The previous
papers done were only the fingerprint based attendance
system and a report generation [3].
The Fingerprint authentication has many advantages such
as very high accuracy, the most economical biometric PC
user authentication technique [4]. It is one of the safest
biometric authentication methods widely used. It is very

International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-3, Mar- 2017]
https://dx.doi.org/10.24001/ijaems.3.3.16 ISSN: 2454-1311
www.ijaems.com Page | 242
easy to use. Small storage space required for the
biometric template, reducing the size of the database
memory required and it is standardized. Biometrics
technology can solve these problems and proposed
fingerprint based attendance system would be ideal for
implementation in universities for identification.
II. GENERAL BLOCK DIAGRAM
The fingerprints from the various users are acquitted
using the fingerprint module. For example we are taking
the samples of three or four fingerprints and they are
enhanced using several enhancement techniques. After
that we detect the edges along the image using the edge
detection function. Here we use the pewit operator for the
detecting the edges. We use minutiae matching algorithm
for matching the finger print images. Instead of doing all
these image processing works, we had used Fingerprint
Module (R305) in t his paper [5]. The circuit is made to
be switched ON and all the initialization processes are
done.
Fig.1 General Block Diagram
The “Initialization done” message has to be displayed in
the screen. Up to that user should not keep any
fingerprints for scanning. After that “Show the Finger”
will be displayed on the screen. The fingerprint that has to
be compared is already stored in the memory of
fingerprint module. The fingerprint module is capable of
storing about 100 images in the inbuilt memory. Now the
fingerprints are kept for scanning with in a stipulated time
period. Fingerprint module started to compare the results
and it gives the hex codes to the microcontroller for
further operations. The microcontroller starts to send the
control to GSM based on the results from the finger print.
But the microcontroller has only one transmitter pin in it.
We have to communicate both of the GSM and
fingerprint module but not at a time. For that we are using
Relay for switching between the GSM and fingerprint
module. There are also commands for holding the
fingerprints and for comparing it. The person whose
fingerprint is matched and there will not be any SMS send
to those persons. The persons whose fingerprints were not
kept were taken and SMS will be sent only to those
numbers. If the fingerprint of an unknown person is kept
for scanning then the scanning will not take place. If
unknown persons fingerprint is kept then the message
“Not Identified” will be displayed. With the help of this
the parents can be known about their arrival of the
Students to the college or school. The fingerprints are one
of the greatest authentication systems where students
cannot forge very easily. This can be practically
implemented by extending the time period and student’s
attendance can be managed.
III. FINGERPRINT RECOGNITION
The fingerprint recognition or fingerprint authentication
refers to the automated method of verifying a match
between two human fingerprints. Fingerprints are one of
many forms of biometric used to identify individuals ad
verify their identity. If unknown persons fingerprint is
kept then the message “Not Identified” will be displayed.
With the help of this the parents can be known about their
arrival of the Students to the college or school [6].
Fig.2 Fingerprint Module
The fingerprint consist of four process, they are given
below
Image Acquisition
Image Enhancement
Edge Detection
Extraction of Miniature Points and Matching
A. Image Acquisition
The Fingerprint images from various users are taken
using the module. The finger module itself has an internal
memory which can store about 100 images in it. These
images are used for the enhancement in next stages [7].
B. Image Enhancement
The image is enhanced using the techniques like
Histogram Equalization [8]. It is nothing but the graph
Parents
mobile
wdnsd
LCD
Fingerprint
module
(r305)
Microcontroller
(ATMEGA16A)
GSM
(SIM 300)
Computer

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plot for number of pixels against the gray level. The
overall contrast of the image is made uniform and image
looks enhanced now the image is suitable for the
extraction.
C. Edge Detection
They are many operators used for detecting the edges.
The operators are Prewitt, Laplacian, Sobels, and
Robertson Operators [9]. The Prewitt operator is one of
the best edge detecting operator and we are implementing
Prewitt operator in this paper. The edges have to be
detected in order to match the input image with already
saved image. There are two types of masking used here.
They are
i) Horizontal masking
ii) Vertical masking
Edges are calculated by using difference between
corresponding pixel intensities of an image. All the masks
that are used for edge detection are also known as
derivative masks. Because as we have stated many times
before in this series of tutorials that image is also a signal
so changes in a signal can only be calculated using
differentiation.
Fig.3 Actual image
Fig.4 Vertical mask
Fig.5 Horizontal mask
D. Extraction of Miniature Points and Matching
After the extraction of edges, the points are marked in it.
Those points which are detected after edge detection are
known as miniature points. The miniature points that are
extracted are compared with already stored image [10]. In
order to find the matching process the correlation factor
and the Euclidean distance has to be found out. Based on
the tolerance value the matching results can be found out.
The main purpose of the GSM in projects is to send and
receive the messages.
Fingerprints are one of many forms of biometric used to
identify individuals ad verify their identity. If unknown
persons fingerprint is kept then the message “Not
Identified” will be displayed. With the help of this the
parents can be known about their arrival of the Students
to the college or school.
Fig.6 Minutiae before marking
Fig.7 Minutiae after marking
IV. VERIFICATION PROCESS
The second process is the verification process. This is the
most repeated process. It is a done each time the user
wants to make use of the fingerprint controlled device.
When he places his finger on the fingerprint scanner
surface, the fingerprint would be processed by the
fingerprint scanner. The finger-print pattern that has been
obtained would be compared against the stored enrolment
template that is already stored in the database or memory
location where the enrolment process was executed.
When the fingerprint pattern passes the com-parison
process, it shows an acknowledgement in its display and
grants the user access [11].

International Journal of Advanced Engineering, Management and Science (IJAEMS) [Vol-3, Issue-3, Mar- 2017]
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V. GSM MODULE
Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM), is a
standard developed by the(European Telecommunications
Standards Institute) ETSI in order to represent the
protocols for 2G cellular networks used by mobile
phones. We have majorly two types of SIM modules.
They are SIM 300 and SIM 900. Here the SIM 300 is
enough for our purpose. SIM 900 is used for some
advanced purposes and it has many additional features
[12]. But not only that we can make a call and can we
also browse using the GSM. The GSM has the operating
voltage of 12v. It has mainly of three pins namely
transmitter, ground and the receiver pin.
To perform these tasks, a GSM modem must support an
“Extended AT command set” for sending / receiving SMS
messages. GSM is one of the most useful inventions in
the modern world. It has many advantages than other
technology standards. The Advantages of GSM are,
 Worldwide roaming
 Security
 Reasonable devices and facilities
 Extensive spectrums obtainable
After some time interval the details of the students who
were not present were taken. Those persons details were
taken and message of “NOT PRESENT “is sent to their
respective parent’s mobile numbers. So, the parents may
know about the student’s presence immediately. The
Students cannot forget this system easily.
Fig.8 GSM Module
VI. GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM (GPS)
GPS, which stands for Global Positioning System, is a
radio navigation system that allows land, sea, and
airborne users to determine their exact location, velocity,
and time 24 hours a day, in all weather conditions,
anywhere in the world. The satellites transmit the exacta
me the signals are sent. By subtracting the time t he signal
w as transmitted from the time it was received, the GPS
can tell how for it is from each satellite [13]. The camera
used here is a PC web camera that captures the images of
students for both database creation and test images [14].
The face recognition is the most important part of this
system. It is an automatic method of identifying or
verifying a person from a digital image or a video frame.
It is done by comparing the extracted features from the
captured image with the images that are previously stored
in the predefined database [15]-[17].
VII. PROPESED SYSTEM
Fig.9 Proposed system
Fig.10: Interface of GSM Module
The system consists of fingerprint acquisition module and
a GSM modem. Fingerprint acquisition module is used
for capturing the fingerprint and pre- treatment [18]-[21].
GSM modem is used to send the attendance of the
students to their parents in the form of SMS. The system
hardware includes: fingerprint acquisition module, GSM
modem, microcontroller, Camera (Face recognition),
MAX-232, and LCD.

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VIII. CONCLUSION
The fingerprint based attendance management system
was implemented with Microsoft’s C# on the .NET
framework and Microsoft’s Structured Query Language
(SQL) Server 2005 as the backend. The future work may
consist of creating the database of students which
contains the academic details of the students. We can
send the academic details of the students periodically to
the parent’s mobile along with the attendance report. So
in near future we can use finger vein recognition in this
attendance system which very unique compared to the
fingerprint authentication. The authentication can also be
made as more secure by using human odor for the
Security purpose.
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J.Chandramohan received his B.E. in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from Bharathiyar University
Coimbatore, India, in 2003. He received
his M.E. in Power Electronics and
Drives from Anna University,
Coimbatore, India, in 2010. He is
currently working toward his Ph.D. in Power System at
Anna University Chennai, India. He is currently working
as a Assistant Professor of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering at Gnanamani College of Technology,
Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. His current research interest
includes Power System and High Voltage Engineering.
R. Nagarajan received his B.E. in
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
from Madurai Kamarajar University,
Madurai, India, in 1997. He received
his M.E. in Power Electronics and
Drives from Anna University,
Chennai, India, in 2008. He received
his Ph.D in Electrical Engineering from Anna
University, Chennai, India, in 2014. He has worked in
the industry as an Electrical Engineer. He is currently
working as Professor of Electrical and Electronics
Engineering at Gnanamani College of Technology,
Namakkal, Tamilnadu, India. His current research
interest includes Power Electronics, Power System, Soft
Computing Techniques and Renewable Energy Sources.
Author’s photo
Author’s photo