Nafees Ahmad Khan

Aligarh Muslim University | AMU · Respiratory Medicine

Introduction: Lung cancer is one of the most common malignancies to occur worldwide. Two main subtypes of lung cancer include small cell lung cancer and Non Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC). Patients with advanced stage NSCLC who achieve good response with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors (TKI) have been found to have Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor (EGFR...

Background: Covid 19 was declared a pandemic by WHO on 11 March 2020. Patients usually have pneumonia on chest x-ray at time of presentation however many patients also do not develop pneumonia and have normal chest x-ray.Methods: A total of 51 patients above the age of 15 years diagnosed with covid 19 by RT PCR of nasopharngeal/oropharyngeal sample...

Pirfenidone has been approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis due to its anti-fibrotic activity. It has been shown to have anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties apart from being an anti-fibrotic agent. Cytokine storm, severe inflammation and oxidative stress leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome and multiorgan fai...

Carcinoid tumors of the lung are uncommon group of pulmonary neoplasms. Most common site is gastrointestinal tract followed by lungs. Typical pulmonary carcinoids are usually small as described in various case series size of a typical carcinoid may ranges from 0.5-2 cm and are managed surgically. Here we present a case of unusually large typical ca...

Introduction: Pleural effusions are one of the most common entities encountered by pulmonologists worldwide which have a very long list of causes. Initial workup of these patients begins with a chest X-ray and percutaneous or Ultrasound (USG) guided thoracocentesis followed by biochemical and cytological evaluation of the fluid to ascertain the cau...

Introduction: An upper respiratory tract infection which can be either due to increased airway bacterial load or emergence of new bacterial strain is the most common cause of Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (AECOPD). Other factors responsible for exacerbation include viral infections, pollution and other unidentified pat...

The current pandemic of COVID-19 has infected around 2.5 million people with more than 125,000 deaths across the globe till date, and numbers are still rising. The causative organism is a virus of corona family. The International Committee on Taxonomy of Viruses (ICTV) named it severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) due to its...

Pulmonary involvement is common in patients with systemic sclerosis. The most common underlying histology is Non Specific Interstitial Pneumonia (NSIP). Disrupted immunity from the disease or associated medication may render such patients prone to develop tuberculosis infection. A 55-year-old female patient presented with chief complaints of shortn...

Unilateral hyperlucency of the lung is not an uncommon finding which arises from a variety of conditions, like technical, congenital and acquired. Here, the author presents a case of diaphragmatic hernia which presented as unilateral hyperlucency on chest radiography. A 45-year-old female, presented with complaint of shortness of breath for 2-3 yea...

Introduction: The role of vitamin D in bone homeostasis is well known but nowadays, its role in various essential body processes including prevention of various infective and chronic illnesses like Tuberculosis (TB), by facilitating adaptive and innate immunity in lungs and peripheral blood, is being a matter of debate. Low levels have been associa...

Phrenic nerve palsy causing hemidiaphragm paralysis is a very uncommon feature of thoracic aortic aneurysm. In one case, a 45-year-old man complained of chronic chest pain, dysphagia, and hoarseness of voice; posteroanterior view chest radiograph revealed lobular enlargement of the superior mediastinum and elevated right hemidiaphragm. Contrast-enh...

Giant bulla may mimic tension pneumothorax on chest radiograph and the differentiation between them may be very difficult. The history and physical examination is very important in differentiating between giant bulla and tension pneumothorax. A 53 year old male patient presented with complain of progressive dyspnea over the last six months. His che...

Intrathoracic teratoma is mainly found in the mediastinum. Primary intrapulmonary teratoma is very rare. A 24 year-old female presented with a 2-month history of intermittent episodes of cough and haemoptysis. Contrast enhanced computed tomography (CT) examination of chest revealed a mass in the left lingular lobe with evidence of fat and surroundi...

Light chain multiple myeloma occurs in 20% of multiple myeloma cases. Extramedullary dissemination of multiple myeloma is rare and involvement of pleura by it is even more rare. A 40 years old female patient presented with complains of recurrent vomiting for last 2 months and cough with expectoration for last 1 week. Chest X-Ray (PA view) showed a...

Recurrent pneumothorax is common in cavitory pulmonary tuberculosis, but it is extremely rare in miliary tuberculosis. A 25 year old female patient presented to us with the complains of shortness of breath since 3 days. She was also having fever and cough since 3 months. Chest roentgenogram (PA view) on admission showed a left sided pneumothorax wi...

Myelomatous pleural effusion is a very rare presentation of multiple myeloma. A 65-year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of dyspnea and left-sided chest pain.His contrast enhanced computed tomography of the thorax showed leftsided pleural effusion with multiple pleural nodules. His pleural fluid cytology shows malignant plasma cells...

Isolated pleural effusion is a very rare presentation of malignant melanoma. A 46 year-old male patient presented to us with complaints of shortness of breath during the previous month. A contrast enhanced computed tomography (CECT) imaging scan of his thorax showed right-sided pleural effusion with the absence of any mass lesion or mediastinal lym...

Herniation of an emphysematous bulla is extremely rare. A 55-year-old male patient presented with complains of shortness of breath and cough for the last 10 years which had exacerbated in the last two days. The patient was a diagnosed case of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Chest x-ray showed bilateral hyperinflated lung fields along with lo...

Hydatid cyst is a disease caused by a parasitic tapeworm, Echinococcus granulosus, and most commonly involves liver and lung. Ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst can present a diagnostic challenge, and radiograph can be inconclusive. Anaphylactic reaction is a rare complication of ruptured pulmonary hydatid cyst. A 22-year-old male came to our emergenc...

Internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis is an extremely rare vascular disease. It is usually secondary to intravenous drug abuse, prolonged central venous catheterization or deep head-neck infections or trauma. Associated malignancies are uncommon and not well documented in the etiology of IJV thrombosis. A 25-year-old male presented with complains...

The most common malignancies associated with malignant pleural effusions are carcinomas of the breast, lung, gastrointestinal tract, ovary and lymphomas. Primary peritoneal adenocarcinoma is a very rare cause of malignant pleural effusion. A 72-year old female patient presented to us with shortness of breath for the last 2 months. A contrast-enhanc...

Patients with laryngeal cancer have a high risk of developing lung cancer in the future. A patient presented with a complaint of left-sided chest pain for the last 3 months. Chest X-ray posterior-anterior view showed a homogeneous opacity in the left upper lung field with elevation of the diaphragm on the left side. CECT thorax revealed a heterogen...

A field study was conducted to evaluate the effects of timing [single spray at pre-anthesis (T₁) and at anthesis (T₂) and double spray at pre- + at anthesis (T₃)] and concentration (0, 10^-6, 10^-5, 10^-4 M) of exogenous application of GA₃ on growth, dry matter production, nu...