Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the complex treatment of purulent wounds

Abstract

The pharmacological activity of Hypericum (Hypericum Perforatum L.) in the complex treatment of purulent wounds in cattle is due to its pronounced antimicrobial properties, which are associated with the content of a number of biologically active substances, such as phenolcarboxylic acids and flavonoids, as well as phloroglucinols and naphthodiantrons. Created by us a phytosorbent of Hypericum by immobilizing an extract of the herb Hypericum (Hyperici perforati herbae extract) on silicon dioxide (SiO2), and also the study was conducted its effectiveness in the complex treatment of accidental purulent musculocutaneous wounds in cattle. It is shown that the use of Hypericum phytosorbent for medicinal purposes in case of accidental purulent wounds in cattle allows you to reduce the healing time of wounds by 1.1 times (p<0.01) faster than in the control group of animals. This is confirmed by the fact that in animals of the experimental group, complete wound cleansing occurred 1.8 days earlier (p<0.001) than in animals of the control group. It should be noted that granulations in the wounds of animals of the experimental group appeared 1.5 days earlier (p<0.01) than in the control group. Therefore, active epithelization of wounds in animals of the experimental group began 2.2 days earlier (p<0.001) than in the control group. The high therapeutic effect of the schemes that which used in animals of the experimental group is due to the usage of Hypericum holed phytosorbent in the first phase of the wound process, which contributed to the rapid cleaning of wounds and the transition of the wound process to the stage of regeneration, which ultimately led to rapid wound healing. Wound healing in animals of the experimental group ended with the formation of a mobile connective tissue scar, small in size, with a good cosmetic effect.

Full text

1108| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Oct - Dec 2020 | Vol 12 | Issue 4
Research Article
Effectiveness of biologically active substances from
Hypericum Perforatum L. in the complex treatment of
purulent wounds
YURY VATNIKOV1, SERGEY SHABUNIN2, EVGENY KULIKOV1, ARFENIA KARAMYAN1, EKATERINA
LENCHENKO3, NADEZHDA SACHIVKINA1, NATALIA BOBKOVA4, DMITRY BOKOV4, VERA
ZHILKINA5, ANNA TOKAR6, MARINA SHOPINSKAYA1, PAVEL RUDENKO1,7
1 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Agrarian Technological Institute, Peoples' Friendship University of
Russia (RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
2 Russian Research Veterinary Institute of Pathology, Pharmacology, and Therapy of the Russian
Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Voronezh, Russia.
3 Department of Veterinary Medicine, Moscow State University of Food Production, Moscow, Russia.
4 Institute of Pharmacy, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
5 Institute of Biochemical Technology and Nanotechnology, Peoples' Friendship University of Russia
(RUDN University), Moscow, Russia.
6 State service of veterinary medicine of the Lugansk people's Republic (LPR), Lugansk, Lugansk People's
Republic.
7 Biological Testing Laboratory, Branch of Shemyakin-Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of
the Russian Academy of Sciences (BIBCh RAS), Pushchino, Moscow region, Russia.
Received: 25.04.20, Revised: 06.05.20, Accepted: 16.06.20
ABSTRACT
The pharmacological activity of Hypericum (Hypericum Perforatum L.) in the complex treatment of purulent
wounds in cattle is due to its pronounced antimicrobial properties, which are associated with the content of a
number of biologically active substances, such as phenolcarboxylic acids and flavonoids, as well as
phloroglucinols and naphthodiantrons. Created by us a phytosorbent of Hypericum by immobilizing an extract
of the herb Hypericum (Hyperici perforati herbae extract) on silicon dioxide (SiO2), and also the study was
conducted its effectiveness in the complex treatment of accidental purulent musculocutaneous wounds in
cattle. It is shown that the use of Hypericum phytosorbent for medicinal purposes in case of accidental
purulent wounds in cattle allows you to reduce the healing time of wounds by 1.1 times (p<0.01) faster than in
the control group of animals. This is confirmed by the fact that in animals of the experimental group, complete
wound cleansing occurred 1.8 days earlier (p<0.001) than in animals of the control group. It should be noted
that granulations in the wounds of animals of the experimental group appeared 1.5 days earlier (p<0.01) than in
the control group. Therefore, active epithelization of wounds in animals of the experimental group began 2.2
days earlier (p<0.001) than in the control group. The high therapeutic effect of the schemes that which used in
animals of the experimental group is due to the usage of Hypericum holed phytosorbent in the first phase of
the wound process, which contributed to the rapid cleaning of wounds and the transition of the wound
process to the stage of regeneration, which ultimately led to rapid wound healing. Wound healing in animals of
the experimental group ended with the formation of a mobile connective tissue scar, small in size, with a good
cosmetic effect.
Keywords: Hypericum, silicon dioxide, phytosorbent, purulent wounds, cows.
INTRODUCTION
The role of veterinary medicine in modern society
cannot be overestimated. This is primarily related
to providing humanity with safe food and
protecting human health from anthropozoonous
diseases; protecting the environment from bio-
contamination and the animal world from
infection; treating sick animals; and conducting
customs veterinary control. The profession of
veterinary medicine becomes prestigious and
important in protecting humanity and the
biosphere from pollution, epizootics of infectious
diseases, fulfilling the most noble mission in
society [1-5].
The problem of treatment of purulent wounds and
prevention of wound complications in farm
animals is quite relevant in veterinary medicine.
Over the past decades, an increase in the number
of purulent-inflammatory diseases and
postoperative infectious complications in surgical
patients has been registered [6-10]. Despite the
introduction of modern methods of treatment,
development of new generations of antibacterial
agent, applications in therapeutic schemes
significant arsenal of pharmacological
ISSN 0975-2366
DOI:https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.04.078

Yury Vatnikov et al / Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the
complex treatment of purulent wounds
1109| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Oct - Dec 2020 | Vol 12 | Issue 4
preparation with antimicrobial, necrolytic,
analgesic, stimulating and sorption, continuous
improvement, methods of asepsis and antisepsis,
the number of cases of occurrence of
complications of surgical infection is not only not
diminished, but rather increased. This is due to
the fact that recently the therapeutic effectiveness
of traditional medicinal products that are widely
used for the treatment of purulent wounds
(antibiotics, sulfonamides, nitrofurans) has
significantly decreased due to their wide-scale
and uncontrolled use in livestock farms. All this
leads to the search for new, more effective
methods of fighting purulent-inflammatory
processes of soft tissues [11-17].
The use of sorbents as application materials in
the treatment of wounds and purulent soft tissue
lesions has been known for a long time. The
progress of science opens up new opportunities in
the treatment of wounds and wound infection.
Thus, the latest achievements of physical
chemistry allow us to fundamentally update the
long-known method of vulnerosorption, feature of
which is characterized by universality. Active
sorbents provide irreversible evacuation of
exudate, microflora and products of its vital
activity due to capillary drainages and sorption of
microflora into the pores of the sorbent [11-13,
18-22].
For effective treatment of wounds in the focus of
inflammation, it is necessary to create a constant
concentration of antimicrobial substances, which
is quite a difficult task, both with local and
general application of preparations. This can be
achieved by immobilizing therapeutic agents on a
basis that will ensure prolonged transfer of the
drug to the inflammatory focus with a single use
[13].
A number of advantages over other sorbents have
hydrophilic silicon-containing sorbent silicon
dioxide (SiO2): low toxicity, no destruction of
histological structures of internal organs; in
addition, it is not absorbed through the mucous
membranes and, of course, its cheapness. In
many ways, the wide application of silicon dioxide
is determined by the possibility of setting specific
properties by modifying the structural construction
of this compound. Chemical modification of the
surface of silicon dioxide allows the formation of
particles that have an almost perfect spherical
shape and an extremely diverse surface – from 50
to 380  per 1 g of substance. Such unique
properties explain the rather wide possibilities of
using these materials in Biomedicine and
biotechnology [23-33].
Various substances can be immobilized on this
matrix: antibiotics, antiseptics, anesthetics,
enzymes, herbal preparations, probiotics.
Immobilization of various pharmaceutical
products on the sorbent allows you to get effective
new drugs that have a wide range of actions.
These properties are realized as the substances
immobilized on it are released [34-39].
Based on this, our attention was drawn the
creation of a phytosorbent of Hypericum by
immobilizing an extract of the herb Hypericum
(Hyperici perforati herbae extract) on silicon
dioxide (SiO2), as well as the study of its
effectiveness by the complex treatment of purulent
wounds in cattle.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
We chose silicon dioxide (SiO2) as the matrix
when creating the Hypericum's phytosorbent.
Hypericum's extract of herbs (Hyperici perforati
herbae extract) was mixed with a sorbent-silicon
dioxide, which was pre-calcined in a dry oven at
a temperature of 400-450°C and cooled to room
temperature. Two parts of Hypericum's extract
were gradually added to one part of silicon
dioxide until a homogeneous mass was obtained.
The resulting mass was dried in a sterile
thermostat at a temperature of 27-32°C within
48-72 hours. To obtain a fine powder, the dry
mass of Hypericum's phytosorbent was processed
at a ball mill of the TM R10/1 brand (Germany)
for 2 hours. The resulting phytosorbent of
Hypericum was later used to create a series and
subsequent packaging. A series was considered a
certain amount of it that was obtained under one
technological regime, which was mixed in one
container, simultaneously dried and packaged in
bags of polymer material in one cycle, which had
its own number, control number and was issued
with a single quality document (passport).
Hypericum’s phytosorbent was packed in plastic
bags containing 1 dose (1 g) of the drug.
It has been experimentally proved that
phytopreparations of Hypericum holed have
astringent, anti-inflammatory, hemostatic,
analgesic, bacteriostatic, fungicidal and
regenerative effects. From Hypericum obtained
plant antibiotics-imanin and novoimanin, which
are ruinous to more than 40 types of microbes.
They are used as a wound healing agent in
surgical, obstetric, dental and otolaryngological
practice, as well as for inhalation in bronchitis
and pneumonia. Silicon dioxide (SiO2) – a highly
dispersed apyrogenic silica, has a unique sorption
activity: 1 gram of it structures 15-20 g of water,
capable of binding 300-800 mg of protein, as
well as 1x109 microbial bodies. With local
(application) application provides active
decontamination, detoxification of wound tissue
and the body as a whole. Silicon dioxide reduces
the adhesion of the dressing to the wound,
increases the sensitivity of the wound microflora
to antimicrobial substances, prevents the diffusion

Yury Vatnikov et al / Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the
complex treatment of purulent wounds
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of toxins into the tissue, sorbs the products of
dehydration of fibrin and proteins, and maintains
a good level of microcirculation and gas
exchange in the wound.
When applying the Hypericum phytosorbent into
the wound, silicon dioxide maintains the
concentration of the Hypericum phytopreparation
holed at the therapeutic level for a long time.
Thus, the Hypericum phytosorbent combines in
itself the sorption properties of the sorbent with
the antimicrobial and antioxidant properties of
Hypericum holed.
The study of the therapeutic effectiveness of
Hypericum holed phytosorbent in production
conditions was carried out on 15 bulls and 10
heifers (aged 14-16 months) of the red steppe
breed, who were diagnosed with accidental
purulent soft tissue wounds. The period of injury
did not exceed 2-4 days. Animals accidentally by
the method of "envelopes" assigned to control
(n=11) and experimental group (n=14) of heads,
at the same time we took into account the sex and
age of animals, time of injury, etiology,
localization and the nature of the wound process,
a type of inflammation.
Treatment of animals was carried out taking into
account the phase of the wound process. The
treatment regimen for cattle with accidental
purulent wounds is shown in table 1.
Table 1: The scheme of treatment of purulent wounds of young cattle
Phases of the
wound process
Group of animals
Control group, (n=11)
Experimental group,
(n=14)
The I phase.
Self-cleanings
Surgical treatment of wounds
Application of silicon dioxide, 1
time per day
Surgical treatment of wounds
Application of Hypericum's
phytosorbent, 1 time per day
The II phase.
Fill with granulation
tissue
Ointment "Picton", 1-2 times per day
The III phase
Epithelialization
Salve "Solcoseril" (according to indications, 1 time per day)
Primary surgical processing of purulent foci was
performed by animals of both control and
experimental groups. Before performing surgical
treatment of wounds, local infiltration anesthesia
was performed using 0.5% novocaine solution.
Restless animals were intramuscularly
administered a 2% solution of xylazine at a dose
of 0.25 ml per 100 kg of body weight. Surgical
processing consisted of dissecting tissues, opening
purulent cavities, inflows, pockets, removing non-
viable tissues and purulent exudate, as well as
creating a reliable drainage of the wound. At the
beginning, as well as during treatment, a clinical
examination of animals and wounds was
performed, at which they determined their shape,
size, condition of the walls, edges and bottom,
consistency, quantity, color and smell of wound
exudate, the nature of granulation and
epithelization.
Animals of the control group in the 1st phase of
the wound process after surgical treatment of
wounds were conducted an application with a
sorbent of silicon dioxide, and cows of the
experimental group were conducted an
application with a phytosorbent of Hypericum. It
should be noted that both the sorbent and the
phytosorbent were applied to the wound surface
with a uniform layer of more than 3 mm, once a
day. In the future, if possible, the animals of both
the control and experimental groups were
bandaged. In the second phase of the wound
process, both groups of animals were treated with
"Pihtoin" ointment, which has a strongly
pronounced analgesic, anti-edema, antiseptic,
and anti-inflammatory effect. It has renders
antimicrobial and antifungal effects. It improves
the elasticity of the dermis, activates metabolic
processes inside cellular structures, accelerates
regeneration processes in tissues, and promotes
rapid wound healing. In the third phase of the
wound process, salve "Solcoseril" was applied to
animals of the control and experimental group
according to indications.
Before the start and during treatment, a clinical
examination of animals and wounds was
performed, which established their shape, size,
condition of walls, edges and bottom, the amount,
color and smell of wound exudate, the nature of
granulation and epithelization. The concentration
of hydrogen ions in the wound medium was
determined before the beginning, as well as on
the 2nd, 4th and 7th days of treatment using
litmus paper and a universal ionometer.
Cytological studies of wound prints were
performed before the start and on the 2nd, 3rd,
5th and 7th day of treatment of animals. The
effectiveness of the proposed treatment regimens
was determined by the terms of wound healing,

Yury Vatnikov et al / Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the
complex treatment of purulent wounds
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the nature of the wound process, the results of
clinical and cytological studies.
The results of the obtained studies were processed
statistically and presented in the form of tables
and figures.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Random wounds in cattle were localized in
various parts of the body, but mainly in the limbs
(proximal region), chest, abdominal wall, back,
withers, and croup. In most cases, treatment was
started 2–4 days after the injury. At the same time,
signs of an inflammatory reaction were expressed
in wounds: hyperemia and edema of wound
tissues, soreness, exudation.
In some cases, there was a violation of the
function of the wounded part of the body (usually
the limb). The general condition of the animals
was characterized by depression, decreased
appetite, and adynamia. Against this background,
the temperature reaction was slightly expressed.
However, the nature of the temperature curve,
pulse, and respiration during the study period
significantly differed in the animals of the control
and experimental groups.
The study was conducted on two groups of
animals, aged 14–16 months. In animals of the
experimental group of the wound, after careful
surgical treatment, the phytosorbent of Hipericum,
perforated, was applied once a day. The animals
of the control group in the first stage of the
wound healing process - they applied silicon
dioxide, also once a day. Treatment in phases 2
and 3 of the wound process in animals of both
groups did not differ.
The dynamics of the stages of the wound healing
process and the effectiveness of treatment,
depending on the scheme used, are shown in
table 2. According to the data in table 2, the most
effective is the treatment of purulent wounds using
the perforated Hipericum phytosorbent, which
was used in animals of the experimental group: in
these animals complete wound cleansing
occurred 1.8 days earlier (p <0.001) than in
animals of the control group. It should be noted
that granulation in the wounds of animals of the
experimental group appeared 1.5 days (p <0.01)
earlier than in the control. As a result, active
epithelization of wounds in animals of the
experimental group began 2.2 days earlier (p
<0.001) than in the control.
Table 2: The effectiveness of Hipericum perforated in the treatment of cattle with purulent
wounds, (M ± m).
Clinical indicators
Groups of animals
control, n = 11
experimental, n = 14
Complete cleansing of wounds, days
5.8±0.24
4.0±0.16***
The appearance of granulations, days
6.2±0.37
4.7±0.18**
The beginning of epithelization, days
10.3±0.44
8.1±0.11***
Complete healing of wounds, days
19.3±0.34
17.8±0.33**
Note: ** - p <0.01; *** - p <0.001.
Thus, the conducted studies allowed us to
establish high therapeutic efficacy of the
treatment regimen for purulent wounds in cattle
using the Hipericum perforated in the first stage
of the wound process. So the wounds in animals
of the experimental group healed 1.1 times (p
<0.01) faster than in animals of the control
group.
The choice of Hipericum as an object of study is
due to the fact that this plant is widely used as a
medicine. Dry extract of Hipericum herb is
unsuitable for introduction into the compositions
of soft dosage forms, since it does not possess the
required technological properties: dispersion,
solubility, and the ability to evenly distribute in the
base. However, alcohol tincture of Hipericum
herb is used to obtain antimicrobial, anti-
inflammatory, astringent and wound healing
agents [40-44]. Hypericum perforatum contains
various biologically active substances (BAS):
photoactive condensed anthracene derivatives of
hypericin and pseudohypericin, florglucins
(hyperforin), flavonoids (hyperoside, rutin,
bisapigenin), tannins, essential oil and others.
Due to the high content of flavonoids, the plant
has anti-flavonoids act. Extracts from Hypericum
herb exhibit antimicrobial activity against gram-
negative and gram-positive bacteria. Hyperforin
was found to inhibit the growth of gram-positive
bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and
Streptococcus agalactiae. In addition, the
effectiveness of hyperforin against penicillin-
resistant and methicillin-resistant strains of
Staphylococcus aureus has been proven. Also, in
non-toxic doses, Hypericum extract containing
anthracene derivatives inhibits the replication of a

Yury Vatnikov et al / Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the
complex treatment of purulent wounds
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number of pathogenic viruses: HIV, influenza A,
cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus type 1 and
2, as well as Epstein-Barr virus [45-51].
The results obtained in the process of treating
accidental infected wounds in gobies and heifers
in a farm are fully confirmed by clinical studies of
animals, biochemical studies of wound exudate
and cytological studies of fingerprints.
As indicated above, the nature of the temperature
curve during the study period was significantly
different in animals of the control and
experimental groups. The dynamics of body
temperature in cattle in the treatment of purulent
wounds is presented in Figure 1.
Fig.1: Dynamics of Body Temperature In Cattle In The Treatment Of Purulent Wounds.
So, on the second day of treatment in animals of
both groups, a decrease in body temperature was
noted. Moreover, in animals of the control group,
the temperature decreased only by 0.3 degrees
and amounted to 39.7 ± 0.04 ° С, while in
animals of the experimental group, body
temperature decreased by 0.7 degrees (p <0.001)
and amounted to 39.1 ± 0.04 ° С. In the
following days of observation, the nature of the
temperature curve in animals of the control group
differed significantly. If during the first three days
of treatment a decrease in body temperature to
39.1 ± 0.02 ° С was observed, then on the fourth
day its increase by 0.3 degrees to 39.4 ± 0.03 °
С was noted, although after a day the
temperature dropped to 38.9 ± 0.03 ° С. In the
next three days of observation, the temperature
curve was in the range 38.8–38.6 ° С.
Analyzing the change in heart rate during the
treatment of wounds, we found that the
normalization of this indicator occurred faster in
animals of the experimental group, in comparison
with the control (Fig. 2).
Fig.2: Dynamics of Pulse Rate In Cattle In The Treatment Of Purulent Wounds.
Before treatment, in animals of all groups, the
pulse rate was almost the same and was at the
upper limit of the physiological norm. On the
second day of the therapeutic course, a decrease
in the pulse rate was observed in animals of both
groups, however, in the experimental group this
decrease was significant (p <0.01) relative to the
control group. It should be noted that in the
animals of the control group, an increase in heart
rate by 1.3 beats per minute was noted on the
fourth day of treatment, and it remained at this
level throughout the day, and only on the sixth
day of treatment was a decrease in heart rate to
65.5 ± 1.1 beats per minute.
39.7
39.4
39.1
39.4
38.9
38.8
38.9
38.6
39.8
39.1
38.4
38.3
38.3
38
37.9
37.8
Before
treatment
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Day of treatment
Body temperature
Control group
experimental group
79.1
77.2
72.9
73.2
73.1
68.6
65.5
62.8
80.2
75.1
70.4
67.1
63.7
60.2
59.1
58
Before
treatment
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Day of treatment
Beats Per Minute
Control group
experimental group

Yury Vatnikov et al / Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the
complex treatment of purulent wounds
1113| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Oct - Dec 2020 | Vol 12 | Issue 4
In the animals of the experimental group, during
the observation period, a gradual decrease in the
pulse rate to 58.0 ± 0.8 beats per minute was
observed (p <0.001).
An important clinical indicator that characterizes
the physiological state of the animal organism is
the respiratory rate, its dynamics is presented in
Figure 3.
Fig.3: Dynamics of Respiratory Rate In Cattle In The Treatment Of Purulent Wounds.
Figure 3 shows that the normalization of
respiratory rate occurred more rapidly in animals
of the experimental group. So, before the start of
treatment, an increase in respiratory rate was
observed in animals of all groups. One day after
the start of treatment in animals of the
experimental group, the respiratory rate
significantly decreased (p <0.01) in comparison
with the control group. On the third day of
treatment, the respiratory rate in animals of the
control group decreased 1.1 times, although on
the fourth day there was a slight increase in this
indicator to 26.0 ± 0.4 respiratory movements
per minute. In animals of the experimental group,
on the contrary, a gradual normalization of this
indicator was observed during the entire
observation period.
As a result of the studies, it was found that the use
of the phytosorbent of Hipericum in combination
with the surgical treatment of purulent wounds
helps to quickly normalize such important clinical
indicators as body temperature, pulse rate and
respiration.
For a more objective assessment of the
therapeutic effectiveness of the tested drugs, we
conducted a biochemical study of wound exudate.
So, before the start of treatment, acidosis was
observed in wounds in animals of all groups (Fig.
4).
Fig.4: Dynamics Of The Concentration Of Hydrogen Ions (Ph) In The Wound Environment In
The Treatment Of Purulent Wounds In Cattle.
The pH value in animals of all groups during this
period of time did not significantly differ. On the
second day of treatment, the concentration of
hydrogen ions in the tissues of the wounds of
animals of the experimental group increased by
1.3 times (p <0.001), that is, the reaction of the
27
26.4
25.4
26
25.2
24.8
23.5
22.9
26.9
24.8
24.1
23.5
22.3
22.2
22.3
21.7
Before
treatment
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
Day of treatment
Respiratory rate per
minute
Control group
experimental group

Yury Vatnikov et al / Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the
complex treatment of purulent wounds
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wound medium approached neutral, while in the
animals of the control group a slight increase in
pH to 6.3 was noted during this period of time,
there is a reaction of the wound environment was
slightly acidic. The fourth day of treatment was
characterized by a slight increase in pH in the
wounds of animals of the experimental group to
7.4, and in animals of the control group to 6.9 ±
0.03, that is, the reaction became almost neutral.
On the seventh day of the therapeutic course, the
reaction of the wound medium in animals of both
groups was slightly alkaline. Moreover, in animals
of the experimental group, this indicator was
significantly higher than in the control group.
Cytological examination of wound prints made it
possible to establish that prior to treatment, the
cytograms in animals of both groups were
necrotic. The preparations noted a significant
amount of tissue detritus, neutrophilic white blood
cells that contained microbes, the remains of
destroyed neutrophils, a large number of
microorganisms, which were mainly extracellular.
Surgical treatment of wounds and local
application of the phytosorbent of Hipericum
perforated in the first stage of the wound process
caused a change in the nature of cytograms. So,
on the second day of treatment they were of an
inflammatory type, less often a degenerative-
inflammatory type. Characteristic for this period
was the presence in the wound prints of red blood
cells that appeared in the wounds due to a
violation of the integrity of the vessels during
surgical treatment. The cell composition was
represented by neutrophils (up to 90.0%) and to a
lesser extent by eosinophils, lymphocytes,
macrophages and polyblasts. The number of
microorganisms decreased significantly in
animals of the experimental group, and
microflora was more often placed intracellularly.
Phagocytosis in most cases was completed. In the
wound imprints in animals of the control group,
the number of microorganisms decreased slightly,
they were both extracellular and intracellular, in a
state of both incomplete and complete
phagocytosis. The amount of tissue detritus in
wound prints of both the control and experimental
groups was insignificant. On the third day of
treatment, the nature of the cytograms in the
control animals did not significantly change, while
the number of lymphocytes, fibroblasts, polyblasts,
and macrophages increased in the wounds of
animals of the experimental group during this
period, while the number of neutrophilic
leukocytes decreased to 65.0–70.0%. On the fifth
day of treatment, a regenerative type of cytogram
was established in the wound imprints of the
animals of the experimental group. The number
of neutrophils significantly decreased, along with
an increase in the number of macrophages,
polyblasts, fibroblasts and the appearance of
fibrocytes. The number of microorganisms in the
preparations was insignificant. On the seventh
day, in the wound imprints of the animals of the
experimental group, the cells of stratified
squamous epithelium were revealed, which
indicated the beginning of the process of
epithelialization of wounds, while the stage of
granulation formation was completed in the
wounds of the control group.
The results of cytological studies of wound prints
fully confirm clinical studies and show that the use
of the Hipericum phytosorbent perforated in the
first stage of the wound process provides rapid
cleansing of wounds from microorganisms,
devitalized tissues, wound exudate and the
transition of the wound process to the
regeneration stage. Thus, the studies conducted
allowed us to establish that a complex method of
treating random purulent wounds in cattle using
the perforated Hipericum phytosorbent positively
affects the course of the wound process and
accelerates the recovery of animals.
Analyzing the results obtained during treatment, it
should be noted that the high therapeutic effect of
the schemes that were used in the animals of the
experimental group, in our opinion, is due to the
use of the Hipericum perforated in the first phase
of the wound process. Its use contributed to the
rapid cleansing of wounds and the transition of
the wound process to the stage of regeneration,
which ultimately led to the rapid healing of
wounds. It should be noted that wound healing in
animals of the experimental group ended with the
formation of a movable connective tissue scar,
small in size, with a good cosmetic effect.
CONCLUSION
The introduction of various herbal remedies into
veterinary practice is relevant due to the
physiology of their action, environmental and
economic feasibility. This indicates the feasibility
of further research of new domestic effective
medicines for the treatment and prevention of
diseases of productive animals. In this paper,
based on a clinical study, the use of Hipericum
wort phytosorbent holed in the scheme of
complex treatment of accidental purulent skin and
muscle wounds in cattle is justified. The use of
Hipericum wort phytosorbent for medicinal
purposes in case of accidental purulent wounds in
cattle can reduce the healing time of wounds by
1.1 times (p<0.01) faster than in the control
group of animals. This is confirmed by the fact
that in animals of the experimental group,
complete wound cleansing occurred 1.8 days
earlier (p<0.001) than in animals of the control
group. It should be noted that granulations in the
wounds of animals of the experimental group

Yury Vatnikov et al / Effectiveness of biologically active substances from Hypericum Perforatum L. in the
complex treatment of purulent wounds
1115| International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research | Oct - Dec 2020 | Vol 12 | Issue 4
appeared 1.5 days earlier (p<0.01) than in the
control group. As a result, active epithelization of
wounds in animals of the experimental group
began 2.2 days earlier (p<0.001) than in the
control group. It is shown that the use of
Hipericum wort holed phytosorbent in the
complex treatment of accidental purulent skin and
muscle wounds in cattle provides rapid
normalization of such clinical and physiological
indicators as body temperature, pulse rate and
respiration. In addition, there is a significant
increase in the number of hydrogen ions in the
wound environment, which positively affects the
pathogenesis of the wound process and creates
conditions for its rapid transition to the next stage.
The use of Hipericum wort (Hyperici perforati)
provides a rapid cleaning of purulent wounds
from devitalized tissues and stimulates the body's
defenses, as indicated by the results of cytological
studies of smears-prints from the wound surface.
Acknowledgments
The publication was prepared with the support of the
“RUDN University Program 5-100” (the agreement
number 02.a03.0008) and “Russian Academic
Excellence Project 5-100”.
Competing Interests
The authors declare that they have no competing
interests.
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