Content uploaded by Muhammad Rashid Khan
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Muhammad Rashid Khan on Jul 03, 2014
Content may be subject to copyright.
A preview of the PDF is not available
Protective effects of Sonchus asper (L.) against KBrO₃-induced oxidative stress in rat testis
Abstract and Figures
Sonchus asper is used traditionally in the treatment of kidney inflammation, hormonal imbalance and impotency. Sonchus asper methanolic extract (SAME) was investigated for its possible preventive effect against potassium bromate (KBrO3) induced oxidative damages in male rats using biochemical, molecular and histopathological markers in this study. 5 groups, each group of 6 rats were taken kept under standard conditions. Group 1 remained untreated while Group II was given 20 mg/kg KBrO3 orally (in aqueous saline) and Group III, and IV were treated with 100; 200 mg/kg b.w., of SAME after 48 h of KBrO3 treatment. KBrO3 administration in rats significantly altered (P<0.01) the serum level of reproductive hormones, activities of antioxidant enzymes and glutathione contents (GSH), which was significantly reversed P<0.001) by co-treatment of 100 mg/kg and 200 mg/kg b.w., SAME. Administration of SAME in rats also significantly P<0.001) reversed the lipid peroxidation induced by KBrO3 in rats, which could be due to the presence of some plant bioactive constituents.
Figures - uploaded by Muhammad Rashid Khan
Author content
All figure content in this area was uploaded by Muhammad Rashid Khan
Content may be subject to copyright.
... Therefore, KBrO 3 is likely to cause testicular toxicity. Rats' blood capillaries were damaged and constricted as a result of KBrO 3 induction, which in turn caused the concentration of nitrite in tissue supernatant to increase [69]. ...
... This plant has medicinal value and has been used in traditional medicine to cure most human diseases. S. asper is commonly used in Pakistan to treat disorders of reproductive dysfunction, oxidative stress, hypertension, renal dysfunction, hormonal disorders, kidney inflammation, hormonal imbalance, impotence, mental disorders, and diabetes (Khan, 2017, Khan et al., 2015, Khan et al., 2013, Khan, 2012a, Khan et al., 2012b, Khan et al., 2012c, Khan et al., 2012d. It is also used as an anti-inflammatory herbal treatment for bronchitis, asthma, wounds, burns, and cough (Wang et al., 2015). ...
Antibiotic resistance among different pathogenic bacteria poses a significant threat to human health. The search for novel class of antimicrobials from different resources such as medicinal plants is a continuous effort of the modern-day scientists. The present work was planned to extract and evaluate the antibacterial activity of Sonchus asper crude extracts against multi drug resistant bacterial pathogens. Methanolic, ethanolic and aqueous extracts dissolved in DMSO have been tested against multi drug resistant human’s bacterial pathogens, including Gram-positive bacteria Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 43300 and Bacillus subtilis subsp. B. spizizinii ATCC 6633, Gram-negative bacteria Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Pseudomonas aureginosa ATCC 27853. The well diffusion method was used by measuring the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth from the plant extracts while DMSO as negative control and streptomycinas a positive control. All three extracts showed good antibacterial activity. However, methanolic extract of S. asper showed maximum antibacterial activity against S. aureus, while zones of inhibition for B. subtilis subsp. B. spizizinii, E. coli, and P. aureginosa were also significant. Furthermore, FTIR spectroscopic analysis for methanolic extract of S. asper showed the presence of various organic bioactive compounds. It is concluded that S. asper has crucial medicinalsignificance, and advanced molecular-level analysis of its components may provide a basis for the production of clinically importantnatural antimicrobials against various pathogenic and resistant bacterial strains.
... These radicals can cause extensive tissue damage by reacting with macromolecules like proteins, nucleic acids and membrane lipids which causes an imbalance in homeostasis and leads to tissue injury [2,5,6]. Supporting the involvement of ROS in its action, several antioxidants (AO) have been shown to ameliorate the bromate-induced multiple organ toxicity [7][8][9][10][11]. ...
Potassium bromate (KBrO3) is widely used as a food additive and is a major water disinfection
by-product. It induces multiple organ toxicity in humans and experimental animals and
is a probable human carcinogen. The present study reports the protective effect of dietary
antioxidant taurine on KBrO3-induced damage to the rat intestine. Animals were randomly
divided into four groups: control, KBrO3 alone, taurine alone and taurine+ KBrO3. Administration
of KBrO3 alone led to decrease in the activities of intestinal brush border membrane
enzymes while those of antioxidant defence and carbohydrate metabolism were also severely
altered. There was increase in DNA damage and DNA-protein cross-linking. Treatment
with taurine, prior to administration of KBrO3, resulted in significant attenuation in all
these parameters but the administration of taurine alone had no effect. Histological studies
supported these biochemical results showing extensive intestinal damage in KBrO3-treated
animals and greatly reduced tissue injury in the taurine+ KBrO3 group. These results show
that taurine ameliorates bromate induced tissue toxicity and oxidative damage by improving
the antioxidant defence, tissue integrity and energy metabolism. Taurine can, therefore, be
potentially used as a therapeutic/protective agent against toxicity of KBrO3 and
related compounds.
... Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are highly reactive O 2 metabolites that include superoxideradical (O @BULLET- 2 ), hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), andhydroxyl radical (OH @BULLET-). The ROS causes considerable injury to DNA, protein and lipid and it is claimed that this injury is a main reason to aging and deteriorating disorders of aging such as cancer (Khan et al., 2013). Selenium is component of the enzyme glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px). ...
The aim of this study is synthesis of two different series of organoselenium compounds and available in vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of these synthetic compounds. The synthetic compounds were identified by (1)H-NMR (300 MHz), (13)C-NMR (75.5 MHz), FT-IR spectroscopic techniques and micro analysis. Antioxidant properties of two synthetic organoselenium compounds were determined by 1,1- diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical method, reducing power assay and β-carotene bleaching method as in vitro. Antimicrobial effects of samples were assessed by the agar dilution procedure and using gram positive and gram-negative bacteria and yeast strains. Although 1,3-di-p-methoxybenzylpyrimidine-2-selenone showed better antiradical activity in DPPH test and higher protective activity on β-carotene, 1-isopropyl-3-methylbenzimidazole-2-selenone was found to be better in reducing power and antimicrobial activity.
Oxidative stress plays an important role in the etiology and pathogenesis of many chronic diseases such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, diabetes mellitus and cancers. Dietary intake of antioxidants can inhibit or delay the oxidation of susceptible cellular substrates so prevent oxidative stress. The present study was designed to investigate potential protective and ameliorate effects of sesame oil and jojoba oil against potassium bromate (KBrO3)-induced oxidative stress using experimental rats. Thirty five of rats were randomly divided into five groups, seven rats each. Group 1 was fed on the basal diet and kept as a negative control group (normal rats). The other 4 groups were injected by a single intraperitoneal dose of KBrO3 at dose of 125 mg/ kg body weight for induction of oxidative stress. Group 2 was left as a positive control group and groups 3, 4 and 5 were fed on supplemented diet with 5% sesame oil, jojoba oil and mixture of them, respectively. The obtained results revealed that the injected intoxicated groups with sesame oil (SO) or jojoba oil (JO) or mixture of them had significant reduced in serum levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-c, total bilirubin, blood urea nitrogen, uric acid, creatinine, malondialdehyde (MDA), activity of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) enzymes and significant increased in feed intake, body weight gain, serum levels of HDL-c, total antioxidant capacity, reduced glutathione (GSH), activity of glutathione peroxidase (GPx) superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzymes. Moreover, there is a significant decrease in MDA and increase in GSH content and activity of antioxidant enzymes (GPx, SOD and CAT) in liver tissues as well as partially improvements in liver structures of liver and kidneys compared to those of positive intoxicated control group. The best improvements of all the biochemical parameters and histological structures of liver and kidneys which were tended toward normal results were observed in treated KBrO3-intoxicated rats with mixture of SO with JO. In conclusion, the present findings suggested that regular intake of SO or JO may be useful in improving liver and kidney functions and may protect against KBrO3 induced oxidative stress in rats by exhibiting stronger antioxidant activity. The mixture of SO with JO provide the preferable effects.
Cucurbita pepo is a common vegetable used all over the world. In folk medicine it is used in gastroenteritis,
hepatorenal and in brain anomalies. In the present study, protective effect of Cucurbita pepo fruit peel against CCl4-
induced neurotoxicity in rats was investigated. In this study, 36 Sprague-Dawley female rats (190±15 g) were randomly
divided into 6 groups of 6 rats each. Group I was given 1 ml/kg bw (body weight) of corn oil intraperotoneally (i.p);
Group II, III and IV were treated with 20% CCl4 in corn oil (1ml/kg bw i.p.). However, animals of Group III and IV were
also treated with CPME (methanol extract of C. pepo fruit peel) at 200 and 400mg/kg bw respectively. Animals of Group
V and VI were administered only with CPME at 200 and 400mg/kg bw respectively. These treatments were administered
3 days a week for two weeks. Administration of CCl4 cause acute neurotoxicity as depicted by significant depletion
(P<0.05) in the activities of antioxidant enzymes; catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, glutathione reductase,
glutathione-S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, quinone reductase, while enhanced the γ-glutamyl transferase level in
brain samples. CCl4 intoxication decreased the reduced glutathione (GSH) level whereas markedly (P<0.05) enhanced
lipid peroxidation in brain samples. Co-treatment of CPME significantly (P<0.05) protected the brain tissues against
CCl4 constituted injuries by restoring activities of antioxidant enzymes and ameliorated lipid peroxidation in a dose
dependent fashion. These neuroprotective effects might be due to the presence of antioxidant constituents.
Glutathione (GSH) plays several important roles in the protection of cells against oxidative damage, particularly following exposure to xenobiotics. Ferric nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA) is a potent depletor of GSH and also enhances tissue lipid peroxidation. In this study, we show the effect of Fe-NTA treatment on hepatic GSH and some of the glutathione metabolizing enzymes, oxidant generation and liver damage. The level of hepatic GSH and the activities of glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, glutathione peroxidase, and glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase all decrease following Fe-NTA administration. In these parameters the maximum decrease occurred at 12 h following Fe-NTA treatment. In contrast, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase was increased at this time. Not surprisingly, the increase in the activity of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase and decreases in GSH, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glucose 6-phosphate dehydrogenase and glutathione S-transferase were found to be dependent on the ...