Associate Professor Dr Mosab Arafat

Al Ain University

Background Estimates of demographic metrics are crucial to assess levels and trends of population health outcomes. The profound impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on populations worldwide has underscored the need for timely estimates to understand this unprecedented event within the context of long-term population health trends. The Global Burden of D...

Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to i...

Background Accurate assessments of current and future fertility-including overall trends and changing population age structures across countries and regions-are essential to help plan for the profound social, economic, environmental, and geopolitical challenges that these changes will bring. Estimates and projections of fertility are necessary to i...

This appendix provides detailed information on the methods for the paper “Global fertility in 204 countries and territories, 1950–2021 with forecasts to 2100: a comprehensive demographic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021”

Background Regular, detailed reporting on population health by underlying cause of death is fundamental for public health decision making. Cause-specific estimates of mortality and the subsequent effects on life expectancy worldwide are valuable metrics to gauge progress in reducing mortality rates. These estimates are particularly important follow...

Background Detailed, comprehensive, and timely reporting on population health by underlying causes of disability and premature death is crucial to understanding and responding to complex patterns of disease and injury burden over time and across age groups, sexes, and locations. The availability of disease burden estimates can promote evidence-base...

Background Understanding the health consequences associated with exposure to risk factors is necessary to inform public health policy and practice. To systematically quantify the contributions of risk factor exposures to specific health outcomes, the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 aims to provide comprehensiv...

Summary Background Future trends in disease burden and drivers of health are of great interest to policy makers and the public at large. This information can be used for policy and long-term health investment, planning, and prioritisation. We have expanded and improved upon previous forecasts produced as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injur...

Background The association between anemia and severity of infection as well as mortality rates among patients infected with COVID-19 has scarcely been studied. This is the first study UAE aimed to assess the influence of anemia on COVID-19 severity, ICU admission, and mortality rate. Methods A retro-prospective chart review of hospitalized COVID-1...

Summary Background Lower respiratory infections (LRIs) are a major global contributor to morbidity and mortality. In 2020–21, non-pharmaceutical interventions associated with the COVID-19 pandemic reduced not only the transmission of SARS-CoV-2, but also the transmission of other LRI pathogens. Tracking LRI incidence and mortality, as well as the p...

Background Disorders affecting the nervous system are diverse and include neurodevelopmental disorders, late-life neurodegeneration, and newly emergent conditions, such as cognitive impairment following COVID-19. Previous publications from the Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor Study estimated the burden of 15 neurological conditio...

Background: To estimate global and regional trends from 2000 to 2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and gray literature from 2000 to 2020 was carried out to estimate global...

Cancer continues to pose one of the most critical challenges in global healthcare. Despite the wide array of existing cancer drugs, the primary obstacle remains in selectively targeting and eliminating cancer cells while minimizing damage to healthy ones, thereby reducing treatment side effects. The revolutionary approach of utilizing nanomaterials...

Background: Theophylline (THN), a bronchodilator with potential applications in emerging conditions like COVID-19, requires a controlled-release delivery system due to its narrow therapeutic range and short half-life. This need is particularly crucial as some existing formulations demonstrate impaired functionality. This study aims to develop a new...

Background: Drug release from controlled release delivery systems is influenced by various factors, including the polymer’s grade and the drug’s hydration form. This study aimed to investigate the impact of these factors on the controlled release of theophylline (THN). This research compares the monohydrate form found in branded products with the a...

The study aimed to evaluate the potential of piperidine-based 2H chromen-2-one derivatives against targeted enzymes, i.e., cholinesterase’s and monoamine oxidase enzymes. The compounds were divided into three groups, i.e., 4a–m ((3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methylpiperidin-4-yl)oxy)-2H-chromen-2-one derivatives), 5a–e (3,4-dimethyl-7-((1-methypipridin-3-yl)...

Background: Breast cancer and cervical cancer are the leading causes of mortality in women worldwide, necessitating ongoing efforts to develop effective treatments. Anticancer drug development is an important aspect of cancer research, with the goal of discovering and designing compounds that target specific aspects of cancer biology while causing...

Cancer stands as a significant global cause of mortality, predominantly arising from the dysregulation of key enzymes and DNA. One strategic avenue in developing new anticancer agents involves targeting specific proteins within the cancer pathway. Amidst ongoing efforts to enhance the efficacy of anticancer drugs, a range of crucial medications cur...

https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38092509/#full-view-affiliation-41

The Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) is a multinational collaborative research study with >10,000 collaborators around the world. GBD generates a time series of summary measures of health, including prevalence, cause-specific mortality (CSMR), years of life lost (YLLs), years lived with disability (YLDs), and disabi...

AKR1B1 and AKR1B10 are important members of aldo–keto reductase family which plays a significant role in cancer progression by modulating cellular metabolism. These enzymes are involved in various metabolic processes, including the synthesis and metabolism of hormones, detoxification of reactive aldehydes, and the reduction of various endogenous an...

Background: Enteric coating films in acidic labile tablets protect the drug molecule from the acidic environment of the stomach. However, variations in the excipients used in the coating formulation may affect their ability to provide adequate protection. This study is the first to investigate the potential effects of coating materials on the prote...

Simple Summary Resveratrol, a polyphenolic stilbene derivative, is gaining popularity in cancer treatment for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. However, its pharmacokinetic and physicochemical limitations, such as a limited water solubility, photosensitivity, and oxidative stability, limit its effectiveness. Nanotechnology has emerg...

Background To estimate global and regional trends from 2000-2020 of the number of persons visually impaired by cataract and their proportion of the total number of vision-impaired individuals. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis of published population studies and grey literature from 2000-2020 was carried out to estimate global and regio...

Generic medications are bioequivalent to brand-name medications, but the quality and purity of generic medications are still debatable. The aim of this study was to compare the generic product of metformin (MET) to its branded counterpart using pure MET powder as a reference. Quality control tablet assessment and in vitro evaluation of drug release...

Abstract Pregabalin, a GABA analogue is used to treat epilepsy and neuropathic pain. The drug poses problems in analytical quantification when estimated at a shorter UV wavelength. The expensive and non-repetitive reported analytical methods necessitate the utility and development of an accurate, precise, repetitive, simple and highly sensitive col...

Poor solubility is a global issue of copious pharmaceutical industries as large number of drugs in development stage as well as already marketed products are poorly soluble which results in low dissolution and ultimately dosage increase. Current study is aimed at developing a polyvinylpyrrolidone- (PVP-K30-) based nanogel delivery system for solubi...

The aim of the current study was to enhance the oral bioavailability of Acyclovir (ACV) based on the papain-functionalized self-emulsifying drug delivery systems (SEDDS). The optimum control SEDDS formulation comprised of kolliphore (40%), transcutol (30%), propylene glycol (20%) and oleoyl chloride (10%). However, in the targeted SEDDS formulation...

The study aims to formulate and characterize nanoformulations produced from amphipathically‐modified pectin containing fusidic acid, making clear the importance of nanocarrier amphipathicity in boosting drug permeation through the skin. For this purpose, the amphipathically‐modified pectin (GBE‐PEC) fabrication was achieved following glycidol butyl...

Objectives: Internationally, pharmacists have shown a pivotal role in alleviating the unprecedented spread of the COVID-19 as they are the first touchpoint to patients. The aim of this study to evaluate the UAE pharmacists' knowledge about and practice in the global COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted d...

Diltiazem hydrochloride is a calcium channel blocker, which belongs to the family of benzothiazepines. It is commonly used to treat hypertension and atrial fibrillation. Even though the drug has high solubility, its high permeability and rapid metabolism in the liver can limit the bioavailability and increase the dose frequencies for up to four tim...

Nano-colloidal systems formulated from amphiphilically-modified polysaccharides (degree of modification 16.6 %) are focus of prominent study due to their potential to augment active penetration across the skin. Here we report the synthesis of amphiphilically-modified guar gum (GBE-GG) prepared by grafting with glycidol butyl ether (GBE), which were...

Sildenafil is the active substance in Viagra ® tablets, which is approved by the FDA to treat sexual dysfunction in men. Poor solubility and short half-life, however, can limit the span of its effectiveness. Therefore, this study focused on an oral controlled release matrix system with the aim to improve solubility, control the drug release, and su...

Introduction The study aimed to predict pregabalin individualized doses in healthy adults, pediatrics and renal impaired geriatric patients by using physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model for gastroretentive formulation producing comparable pharmacokinetics to that of the immediate release formulation to obtain doses on basis of their phy...

Background and purpose: There has been a long-standing belief that generic drugs are of lower value in comparison to their branded name counterparts. They are in particular under scrutiny due to their low market price. Even though the reduction in costs is largely based on skipping expensive preclinical studies and clinical trials for generic drug...

Background: This study aimed to assess the pediatric lisinopril doses using an adult physiological based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model. As the empirical rules of dose calculation cannot calculate gender-specific pediatric doses and ignores the age-related physiological differences. Methods: A PBPK model of lisinopril for the healthy adult population...

Objectives The inappropriate use of medications is harmful and is a common issue in hospitalised patients. Patients hospitalised in general surgery wards are usually at high risk for drug-related problems (DRPs). This randomised controlled trial aimed to explore the value of a pharmaceutical care service conducted in general surgery wards in the id...

Pectin is a polysaccharide with very good gel forming properties that traditionally has found important applications in foods and pharmaceutical industries. Although less studied, chemical modifications of pectin leading to a decrease in its hydrophilicity can be useful for the development of novel drug carriers. To this aim, butylglyceryl pectins...

Abstract Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermal and physicochemical properties of BCS class IV drugs furosemide manufactured by branded pharmaceutical company and to compare it to its copy which manufactured by generic pharmaceutical company. Methods: The dissolution release profile and disintegration of both furosemides of br...

PURPOSE: The aim of the study is to compare the pH, electrolytes and minerals composition of various types of water and to find out the relationship of pH, electrolytes and minerals of drinking water and how it can impact the incidence or prevention of cancer. METHOD: A number of samples were collected of a different types of water like mineral wat...

Background and objectives The information technology is a pivotal source of communication between patients and healthcare providers for managing chronic diseases. The objective of this study is to assess the capacity and willingness of patients to use information technology for managing chronic diseases. Methods A descriptive, cross-sectional stud...

Questionnaire of the study. (DOCX)

Transdermal patches: Design and current approaches to painless drug delivery Use of transdermal patches can evade many issues associated with oral drug delivery, such as first-pass hepatic metabolism, enzymatic digestion attack, drug hydrolysis and degradation in acidic media, drug fluctuations, and gastrointestinal irritation. This article reviews...

Use of transdermal patches can evade many issues associated with oral drug delivery, such as first-pass hepatic metabolism, enzymatic digestion attack, drug hydrolysis and degradation in acidic media, drug fluctuations, and gastrointestinal irritation. This article reviews various transdermal patches available in the market, types, structural compo...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of a BCS class IV drug, etoposide (VP-16). METHOD: A series of SNEDDS formulations with VP-16 were prepared consisting of medium chain triglycerides, polysorbate 80, diethylene glycol monoeth...

PURPOSE: The purpose of this study was to investigate the ability of a self-nano-emulsifying drug delivery system (SNEDDS) to enhance the oral bioavailability of a BCS class IV drug, etoposide (VP-16). METHOD: A series of SNEDDS formulations with VP-16 were prepared consisting of medium chain triglycerides, polysorbate 80, diethylene glycol monoeth...

Background and objectives Practice-based research (PBR) is of pivotal importance for hospital pharmacists which not only up-grades the profession but also improves the patient care. This study aimed to evaluate the attitude, perception, willingness, motivation and barriers to PBR among hospital pharmacists in Pakistan. Methods A descriptive, cross...

Questionnaire of the study. (DOCX)

Purpose: this study was carried on to investigate the ability of self- nano-emulsifying system to enhance the oral bioavailability of Etoposide Methods: A series of self-emulsifying system formulations with etoposide were prepared consisting of medium chain triglycerides, polysorbate 80, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether and propylene glycol monola...

Purpose: The main purpose for this study was to investigate the ability of mixed micelles formulation (MMs) made of phosphatidylcholine (PPC) and BS (sodium deoxycholate) loaded with Cefotaxime sodium (CEF) and 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-keto-5β-cholanate (MKC) complex to enhance the oral bioavailability of CEF in rats. Methods: thin-film hydration method...

In this study, hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrices with various concentrations of Poloxamer 188 were used in the development of oral controlled release tablets containing diclofenac sodium. Four formulations of hydrophilic matrix tablets containing 16.7% w/w HPMC and 0, 6.7, 16.7 and 25.0% w/w Poloxamer 188, respectively, were devel...

In this study, hydrophilic hydroxypropyl methylcellulose matrices with various concentrations of Poloxamer 188 were used in the development of oral controlled release tablets containing diclofenac sodium. Four formulations of hydrophilic matrix tablets containing 16.7% w/w HPMC and 0, 6.7, 16.7 and 25.0% w/w Poloxamer 188, respectively, were develo...

Purpose Liposomes have been studied as a colloidal carrier in drug delivery systems, especially for oral administration. However, their low structural integrity in the gut is still a major shortcoming. Membrane disruptive effects of physiological bile salts in the small intestine result in premature drug release prior to intestinal absorption. Thus...

The aim was to prepare cross linked polymer of 5-fluorouracil loaded microspheres containing guar gum and sodium borate for colon-targeted drug delivery systems. Micro spheres were prepared using emulsification cross linking method. The influence of drug polymer ratio, cross linker agent concentrations and cross linking timing on in vitro drug rele...

Purpose: Liposomes have been studied as a colloidal carrier in drug delivery systems, especially for oral administration. However, their low structural integrity in the gut is still a major shortcoming. Membrane disruptive effects of physiological bile salts in the small intestine result in premature drug release prior to intestinal absorption. Th...

The nano-sized liposomes containing sodium deoxycholate were able to reduce the leakage of encapsulated cefotaxime in the gut due to the improved vesicle stability and to enhance the oral bioavailability of acid-labile drugs up to 5-fold.

ABSTACT The belief that generic drugs are inferior to brand name drugs has been always under debate. Especially since the price of generic drugs is generally far cheaper than brand-name drugs. Although, this is because of waiving the preclinical studies and clinical trials for the generic drug, the quality, and purity of materials used for generic...

Abstract: In recent years, there has been a rapid increase in the number of computed tomography (CT) scans utilization for the purpose of cancer diagnosis. However, radiation exposure can increase the probability of developing different type of cancers. Therefore, the aim of this study was to highlight, the high risk of radiation exposure on human...

Abstract: Nowadays there are obvious appearing of new diseases, and increasing in the number of cancer patients all over the world. However, some researchers found that there is a relationship between cosmetics and cancer. In fact, there is a noticeable increasing in the using of these agents in the last century whereas increasing in cancer with al...

Abstract: Parabens are the most widely used preservatives in personal care products, it has many functions such as stop the microbial, fungus, and bacteria growth in many products such as creams makeup and cleansers. They can rapidly grow in the moist, warm environment of a bathroom. However, Parabens accumulation can be carcinogenic to human body...

Abstract: The FDA classifies caffeine as a food additive and a drug, which is used in both prescription and OTC medications for treatment of tiredness, drowsiness, fatigue and to enhance the activity of some pain killers. The most common side effects of excessive caffeine intake are insomnia, nervousness, restlessness, irritability, stomach upset,...

Many lipid-based vesicles such as liposomes have been investigated as a colloidal carrier for oral drug delivery systems. However, their low stability in the gastrointestinal tract is still a major issue. A solubilisation of the phospholipids membrane triggered by intestinal bile salts in the small intestine causes premature release of the bioactiv...

Many lipid-based vesicles such as liposomes have been investigated as a colloidal carrier for oral drug delivery systems. However, their low stability in the gastrointestinal tract is still a major issue. A solubilisation of the phospholipids membrane triggered by intestinal bile salts in the small intestine causes premature release of the bioactiv...

Background and objectives: Cefotaxime is a class III drug according to the Biopharmaceutical Classification System due to low intestinal permeability based on poor oral bioavailability. Bile salt compounds have been shown to be effective additive for drug permeation through several biological membranes. The main purpose of this study was to invest...

Objective: To develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the determination of nifedipine (NFD) concentration in rat plasma. Methods: 1.5 mol of sodium hydroxide solution was added to each plasma sample, followed by the addition of an extraction solvent based on nhexane and dichloromethane (70: 30, v/v). The org...

The plasma facing components (PFCs) inside a tokamak are typically exposed to extremely high heat flux of the order of MW/m2. The brazing quality between the plasma facing materials (PFMs) and the heat sink will determine the structural integrity and hence the effective service life of these PFCs. Suitable non-destructive testing (NDT) techniques f...

Objective: To develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic method (HPLC) for the determination of nifedipine (NFD) concentration in rat plasma. Methods: 1. 5 mol of sodium hydroxide solution was added to each plasma sample, followed by the addition of an extraction solvent based on n-hexane and dichloromethane (70: 30, v/v). The o...

The present article contains a brief review of various formulation approaches used in controlled release drug delivery systems, the role of polymers in the controlled delivery of many fast release drugs and the mechanism of drug release from these polymeric matrices. The oral controlled release system of many drugs has been known to be an essential...

Objective: To develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for the determination of cefotaxime sodium (NaCTX) concentration in rat plasma.Methods: The method used direct injection of the plasma supernatant after deproteinization with perchloric acid. Degradation of NaCTX in acidic medium during sample treatment was retarded...

Objectives: To develop and validate a high-performance liquid chromatographic method for determination of diltiazem hydrochloride (DLZ) Methods: Mixture of n-hexane and 2-propanol (96:4, ratio) was added to plasma at sample preparation time followed by centrifuging the samples. The obtained upper organic layer was transferred and evaporated to dryn...

Objective: Quantifying the influence of Obesity and other contributing factors on inducing Type 2 Diabetes is important to allow for rational planning and allocation of resources. Therefore, the major aim of this study was to estimate theinfluence of obesity on inducing Type 2 Diabetes and explore the relationship between Type 2 Diabetes and differ...

The aim of this study was to investigate the influences of overweight and obesity on induction of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in our community.

The aim of this study was to compare the oral bioavailability of cefotaxime (CTX) encapsulated in liposomes with that of CTX encapsulated in niosomes and unencapsulated CTX

Progressive osseous heteroplasia (POH) is a human genetic disorder characterized by ectopic bone formation in skin and subcutaneous tissue during infancy, with progression to deep skeletal muscle later in childhood. POH is caused by heterozygous inactivating mutations in the human GNAS gene, which encodes Gs-alpha (Gsα), the alpha subunit of the G...

Summary The aim of ths study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics of cefotaxime sodium (CEF) pharmacokinetics after oral application in the form of sodium 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12-keto-5β-cholanate (MKC) microvesicles (MV) in rat. Thirty Male Wister rats were divided into six groups (n=5 per group). Groups were treated orally with: i. CEF (15 mg/kg) s...

Dunedin, New Zealand

A study was conducted to evaluate the potential of using Gelucire 50/13 in the formulation of oral modified release pattern.