ArticlePDF Available

Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes

Authors:
Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad at Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University
Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
  • Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University
Download full-text PDF
Read full-text
Download citation

Abstract

COVID-19 pandemic influences varied people in dissimilar ways. Infected people have had a broad range of symptoms ranged from mild symptoms to severe illness. This review discussed the direct impact of Angiotensin II in the initiation of the pathogenesis of COVID-19 at the primary phase of infection and its indirect influence severity of it, through stimulus of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule type-1, which lead to increased its concentration and that lead to excessive release of cytokines in a condition known as cytokines storm. Reduction in Angiotensin II at the secondary phase of infection due to cells being invaded with COVID-19 virus leads to reduction of soluble intracellular adhesion molecules which regulate the immune system, then virus pass to different organs in the body. Individuals with low-level of intracellular adhesion molecules such as aged, diabetic, patients of cardiovascular disease obese, A blood group and rhesus negative developed severe symptoms when infected with COVID.19, due to weak stimulus from Angiotensin II at the first phase and inactivation of soluble intracellular adhesion molecule type-1 at the second phase of infection, which may lead to loss of patient life. We conclude that the crucial role in pathogenesis of COVID-19 related to Angiotensin-2 concentration, nor soluble intracellular adhesion molecules type-1 neither ABO blood group nor rhesus system.
Content uploaded by Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad
Author content
All content in this area was uploaded by Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad on Oct 27, 2020
Content may be subject to copyright.
Cronicon
OPEN ACCESS EC EC ENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLIC RESEARCHENDOCRINOLOGY AND METABOLIC RESEARCH
Review Article
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1)
and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes
Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Im-
pact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Abstract
Keywords: ABO Blood Group Type; Rhesus System; Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1); Angiotensin-2
Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad1,2*
1Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Health Science, Elsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, Berber, Sudan
2Head of Research Unit, Banoon Fertility Center, Khartoum, Sudan
*Corresponding Author: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad, Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Health Science, Elsheikh
Abdallah Elbadri University, Berber and Head of Research Unit, Banoon Fertility Center, Khartoum, Sudan.
Received: October 09, 2020
    

-

as cytokines storm.




   
lead to loss of patient life.
We conclude that the crucial role in pathogenesis of COVID-19 related to Angiotensin -2 concentration, nor soluble intracellular
adhesion molecules type -1 neither ABO blood group nor rhesus system.
Background

-
hydrate molecules created by the consecutive action of the ABO glycosyltransferase [1]. It is essential to understand that blood group
  





Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2
Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes

A1 glycosyltransferase gene, and the nonreducing ends of the consistent glycans in group O subjects present the blood group H antigen
[3]. The ratio of ABO blood groups in many forms of cardiovascular disease differs from that in the general population in that there is an



 
      


Cellular adhesion molecules facilitate connection and transmigration of leukocytes across the endothelial surface and are thought to
play a vital task in initial steps of atherogenesis. Therefore, augmented plasma concentrations of intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-
1 and P-selectin autonomously foretold myocardial infarction in healthy persons. Numerous studies established that plasma levels of
  
risk factors for cardiovascular diseases [7].
-
modium falciparum infection demonstrate that the infected erythrocytes mimic the leukocytes’ attachment to endothelium by linking to
     -
-




  

  




of BPD [9].
One of the greatest important illness links described for non-O (subjects of group A, B, or AB) versus O subjects is vulnerability to arte-
rial and venous thromboembolism (VTE). Non-group O patients have a greater risk of VTE than patients of group O and have more levels
of von Willebrand factor (vWF) and factor VIII. The jeopardy of VTE is undoubtedly connected to the level of vWF and factor VIII since

-



Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2
Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes
P-selectin is an essential membrane protein that arbitrates the adhesion of activated platelets and endothelial cells to polymorph
nuclear cells and monocytes. Upon liking to the similar ligand on leukocytes, P-selectin glycoprotein ligand (PSGL)-1, P-selectin arbitrates


    




-
      





-
      


activity than the A2 allele [11].

of the A antigen (25 55%) is much greater than in other parts of the globe, it is established that the ABO blood group and the A allele are




Concentrations of soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin), soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), and soluble vascular cell ad-
   





[2].
-

 2
Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2
Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes

and function. The molecular base for LAD II is malfunctioning glycosylation of ligands on leukocytes documented by the selectin family

stroke has reliably been detected for non-O blood types.

-
 
 
blood are the outcome of shedding or proteolytic cleavage of the ectodomain. Soluble forms of CAMs E-selectin (sE-Selectin), P-selectin



circulation of sICAM-1 in African Americans compared to persons of European descent, though important racial/ethnic alterations in sI-





   et al   
  -

 
-
dence of retinopathy [17].





 -

   

-
ment, thousands of severe cases have died every day globally [19].



Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2
Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes





amongst others. Cleavage at together S protein positions is vital to stimulate entrances of SARS-CoV and COVID.19 into the host cell; the
initial is important for S1 linking to ACE2 and the second is crucial for membrane fusion [20].
-



Type-1 (sICAM) soluble adhesion molecule reveals a circulating form of it that is constitutively displayed or inducible on the cell sur-







Great sICAM-1 blood concentrations have also been detected in depression comorbid to a somatic disease condition [15]. Patients
 
 
-

Recent studies have established that the ABO gene can disrupt soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) levels of circulating

-




The soluble intracellular adhesion molecule type-1, is the main factor that lead to the appearance of most clinical features and compli-
-





Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2
Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes
The lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1 (LFA-1) linking of a distinguished class of small-molecule antagonists as that of soluble
      
 
SARS COV-2 infected persons.
-
in vitro




(ICAM-1) and increases soluble ICAM-1 release in vivo



      
counting epithelial cells in the lung and small and large intestines, tubular cells of the kidney, vascular endothelial and smooth muscle
       



Conclusion


according to their age, gender, race, ABO blood group type, rhesus system and presence of comorbidities such as diabetes, cardiovascular
disease, and obesity.
Bibliography
1. Yonas Teshome., et al.
Ethiopia”. Journal of Blood Medicine 10 (2019): 193-197.
2. George Garratty. “Relationship of blood groups to disease: do blood group antigens have a biological role?” Revista Medica Del Insti-
tuto Mexicano del Seguro Social 
3. Blood 115 (2010).
 et al.
British Journal of Haematology
5. K Fischermann., et al.
 Douglas A Steeber and Thomas F Tedder. “Adhesion Molecule Cascades Direct Lymphocyte Recirculation and Leukocyte Migration
Immunologic Research 22/2-3 (2000): 299-317.
Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2
Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes
7. Giovanni Targher., et al.
adipose tissue”. Diabetes Care
 Maja Barbalic., et al. Human Molecular Genetics
9. Ramsay PL., et al. “Early clinical markers for the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia: soluble E-Selectin and ICAM-1”. Pedi-
atrics
10. Tommaso Neri., et al. “P-selectin blockade in COVID-19-related ARDS”. American Journal of Physiology-Lung Cellular and Molecular
Physiology
11. Wenjing Zhang., et al.
in a Chinese population”. Experimental And Therapeutic Medicine 
12. Nash MC., et al.Clinical and Experi-
mental Immunology 101.1 (1995): 13-17.
13. Bunting Michaeline., et al.     
selectin ligands”. Current Opinion in Hematology 9.1 (2002): 30-35.
 Larson NB., et al.-
sis”. Atherosclerosis
15. Müller N. “The Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in the Pathogenesis of Psychiatric Disorders”. Frontiers in Pharmacology 10
(2019): 1251.
 et al.-
las cohort”. European Journal of Human Genetics
17. et al. “Blood serum levels of vascular cell adhesion molecule (sVCAM-1), intercellular adhesion molecule (sICAM-1)
and endothelial leucocyte adhesion molecule-1 (ELAM-1) in diabetic retinopathy”. Clinical and Experimental Medicine 

 Esakandari H., et al.Biological Procedures (2020).
19. Jin Y., et al. “Virology, Epidemiology, Pathogenesis, and Control of COVID-19”. Viruses
20. Shi Y., et al.Journal of Zhejiang University Science B 
21. Saioa Zalba Marcos., et al.     Medicina
Clínica (2020).
22. European Cytokine Network

23. MR Nicollsa B and RG Gill. “LFA-1 (CD11a) as a Therapeutic Target”. American Journal of Transplantation
 Christophe Marguet., et al. “Soluble Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (sICAM-1) and Interferon-Gamma in Bronchoalveolar Lavage
American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine 
25.   
patients”. International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 11.3 (2019).
Citation: Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad. “Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2
Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes”. EC Endocrinology and Metabolic Research 5.11 (2020).
Blood Group Type, Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and Angiotensin-2 Impact on COVID.19 Outcomes
 Rieckmann P., et al. “Soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) block lymphocyte attachment to cerebral endothe-
lial cells”. Journal of Neuroimmunology 
27. Chen RF., et al. “Role of vascular cell adhesion molecules and leukocyte apoptosis in the lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia of pa-
Microbes and Infection 
 Selvaraj P., et al.-
al correlates and evidence for a phosphatidylinositol membrane anchor”. Journal of Experimental Medicine 
29. Zhang W., et al.
Chinese population”. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 
30. Ines J Laudes., et al. “Disturbed Homeostasis of Lung Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 and Vascular Cell Adhesion Molecule-1 Dur-
ing Sepsis”. The American Journal of Pathology
31. Schaefer M., et al.
alpha”. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity 
32. Pak VM., et al.
International Journal of Obesity
33. Drugs of Today
 Keating SM., et al.
site on the alphal subunit of lymphocyte function-associated antigen-1”. Protein Science 
35. et al.
antigen-1: a phase 1b study”. Eye
 et al. “Intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAMs) and spermatogenesis”. Human Reproduction 
37. Andrology (2020): 1- 5.
 Miesbach W. “Pathological Role of Angiotensin II in Severe COVID-19”. TH Open
39. Pastore L., et al.   
cells and increases soluble ICAM-1 release In vivo”. Circulation
 Patricia Gassó., et al.Journal of the
Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System 
 Robinson M., et al. “AGT and RH blood group polymorphisms affect blood pressure and lipids in Afro-Caribbeans”. Journal of Human
Hypertension 
 
response”. Open Heart 7.1 (2020): e001302.
 Ni W., et al.Critical Care 
Volume 5 Issue 11 November 2020
© All rights reserved by Mosab Nouraldein Mohammed Hamad.
... Owing to an absence of specific antiviral treatments and anxiety of clinical handling, thousands of grave cases have died every day worldwide. 6 The association between COVID-19 and environmental factors such as atmospheric parameters and air quality, reflecting the most inclusive study to date on the role of climatological parameters and air quality factors in COVID-19. High carbon monoxide levels is a jeopardy factor, whilst upper temperatures, augmented air pressure and well ventilation may decrease the transmissibility of the novel Coronavirus. ...
Influences of meteorological factors on COVID.19 pandemic: prevalence and outcomes
Article
Full-text available
  • Dec 2020
In late of 2019 Coronavirus pandemic started from China (Wuhan Province) and then later spread to the world. The authors set forth a debate about the most important factors which influenced the feast and even the consequences of COVID-19 and then the foresight of COVID-20, which is the climate change and its related meteorological factors. Climate change found to affect directly on virus activation and indirectly on the host behavior and even immune response. Persons live in cold, arid and air polluted areas suffer from both spreads of the pandemic and serious complications of the COVID19 infection, due to low level of vitamin D, low activity of thyroid gland, with low levels of thyroid hormones (T3,T4 and TSH) and reduction in angiotensin 2 level. Aged persons living in these zones are the most victims from this pandemic. We conclude that persons living in the industrialized countries zones are affected more than those under the same meteorological circumstances in non-industrialized countries due to low air pollution.
View
A comprehensive review of COVID-19 characteristics
Article
Full-text available
  • Aug 2020
  • BIOL PROCED ONLINE
In December 2019, a novel coronavirus, named Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) or (2019-nCoV) with unknown origin spread in Hubei province of China. The epidemic disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 called coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19). The presence of COVID-19 was manifested by several symptoms, ranging from asymptomatic/mild symptoms to severe illness and death. The viral infection expanded internationally and WHO announced a Public Health Emergency of International Concern. To quickly diagnose and control such a highly infectious disease, suspicious individuals were isolated and diagnostic/treatment procedures were developed through patients’ epidemiological and clinical data. Early in the COVID-19 outbreak, WHO invited hundreds of researchers from around the world to develop a rapid quality diagnosis, treatment and vaccines, but so far no specific antiviral treatment or vaccine has been approved by the FDA. At present, COVID-19 is managed by available antiviral drugs to improve the symptoms, and in severe cases, supportive care including oxygen and mechanical ventilation is used for infected patients. However, due to the worldwide spread of the virus, COVID-19 has become a serious concern in the medical community. According to the current data of WHO, the number of infected and dead cases has increased to 8,708,008 and 461,715, respectively (Dec 2019 –June 2020). Given the high mortality rate and economic damage to various communities to date, great efforts must be made to produce successful drugs and vaccines against 2019-nCoV infection. For this reason, first of all, the characteristics of the virus, its pathogenicity, and its infectious pathways must be well known. Thus, the main purpose of this review is to provide an overview of this epidemic disease based on the current evidence.
View
Pathological Role of Angiotensin II in Severe COVID-19
Article
Full-text available
  • Apr 2020
The activated renin–angiotensin system induces a prothrombotic state resulting from the imbalance between coagulation and fibrinolysis. Angiotensin II is the central effector molecule of the activated renin–angiotensin system and is degraded by the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 to angiotensin (1–7). The novel coronavirus infection (classified as COVID-19) is caused by the new coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 and is characterized by an exaggerated inflammatory response that can lead to severe manifestations such as acute respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and death in a proportion of patients, mostly elderly patients with preexisting comorbidities. SARS-CoV-2 uses the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 receptor to enter the target cells, resulting in activation of the renin–angiotensin system. After downregulating the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, the vasoconstrictor angiotensin II is increasingly produced and its counterregulating molecules angiotensin (1–7) reduced. Angiotensin II increases thrombin formation and impairs fibrinolysis. Elevated levels were strongly associated with viral load and lung injury in patients with severe COVID-19. Therefore, the complex clinical picture of patients with severe complications of COVID-19 is triggered by the various effects of highly expressed angiotensin II on vasculopathy, coagulopathy, and inflammation. Future treatment options should focus on blocking the thrombogenic and inflammatory properties of angiotensin II in COVID-19 patients.
View
The Role of Intercellular Adhesion Molecule-1 in the Pathogenesis of Psychiatric Disorders
Article
Full-text available
  • Nov 2019
Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) is a transmembrane glycoprotein that is overexpressed in many pathological states. Although, like many other immune molecules, ICAM-1 plays only a limited role in the abundant concert of the immune response, it may be more important than we realize. In the central nervous system (CNS), ICAM-1 is expressed in microglial cells and astrocytes and in endothelial cells in the white and gray matter of the human forebrain. It is of particular interest in psychiatric disorders for two reasons: It has a key function for the blood–brain barrier, which plays an important role in the biology of psychiatric disorders, and it is a marker for inflammation. Although the blood level of soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1) might be lower in acute unmedicated schizophrenia, it has been reported to be increased in many other psychiatric conditions, such as major depression, bipolar disorder, and dementia. In bipolar disorder, high sICAM levels were found during both the depressed and the manic states and also during the euthymic phase (the free interval), possibly indicating that sICAM is a trait marker. High sICAM-1 blood levels have also been found in depression comorbid to a somatic disease state. Interestingly, sICAM-1 levels also increase during aging. Some studies investigated sICAM-1 levels in the cerebrospinal fluid of psychiatric disorders and ICAM-1 expression in postmortem CNS tissue of psychiatric patients and found that the overall duration and duration of the chronic phase of the psychiatric disorder seem to play a role in both. Moreover, confounders, such as antipsychotic and antidepressive medication, have to be considered. sICAM-1 levels seem to be associated with hypopermeability or hyperpermeability of the blood-brain barrier and thus to influence the communication between the CNS immune system, represented by glia cells, and the peripheral immune system. The balance between the influx and efflux of immune molecules into and out of the CNS may be one of the pinpoints in psychiatric disorders, in particular in the chronic phase, e.g., in schizophrenia. This aspect, however, needs further intense research, in particular to enable researchers to develop therapeutic principles based on an immune/inflammatory approach.
View
Soluble Intercellular Adhesion molecule-1 and its correlation with some inflammatory markers in Hemodialysis patients
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2019
In hemodialysis (HD) patients, the serum level of sICAM-1 and C-reactive protein (CRP) changes, which considers as risk factors for cardiovascular events and mortality in these patients. Some hematological, biochemical and soluble form of intercellular adhesion molecule-1, CRP levels were evaluated in 63 dialysis patients attended general Kirkuk Hospital for dialysis, compared to 20 healthy control subject, during the period between July 2018 to December 2018.. Both soluble form of ICAM-1 and CRP were elevated significantly (p<0.001) in HD patients compared to control group. Also there were a significant increased in the serum levels of Urea and Creatinine (p<0.001), in addition to Lymphocyte and monocyte counts(p<0.01) compared to control group. In contrast there were a significant decrease in Hemoglobin(Hb) concentration and High density lipoprotein(HDL). serum level of ICAM-1 correlated significantly with Total leukocyte. Elevated serum level of ICAM-1 in HD patients, this may be due to its enhanced synthesis and release during dialysis. Increased serum level of ICAM-1 and CRP with decreased levels of HDL and Lymphocyte considers as risk factors for cardiovascular complication. The results revealed a significant positive correlation between ICAM-1 and Total leukocyte, this may lead to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis in HD patients. Suggesting an important role of dialysis in chronic renal failure.
View
The association between ABO blood group distribution and peptic ulcer disease: a cross-sectional study from Ethiopia
Article
Full-text available
  • Jul 2019
Background Studies have shown that ABO blood group antigens are associated with peptic ulcer disease (PUD). There are limited sources regarding the association of blood groups with PUD patients in Ethiopia. The aim of this study was to assess the association between ABO blood group distribution, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), smoking, alcohol, coffee, and PUD at Tikur Anbessa Specialized Hospital, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia. Methods A cross-sectional study was undertaken, and a total of 63 endoscopically confirmed PUD patients and 63 healthy controls were screened for ABO blood grouping using the standard slide agglutination reaction. Stool antigens were checked to determine Helicobacter pylori status of PUD patients. Chi-square and logistic regression were used for statistical analysis. Results The ABO blood group distribution of PUD patients was 19.04% (12/63), 19.04% (12/63), 11.11% (7/63), 50.79% (32/63) for blood group A, B, AB, and O, respectively, while among control groups it was 25.39% (16/63), 23.80% (15/63), 12.69% (8/63), and 38.09% (24/63) for blood group A, B, AB, and O, respectively. 34.1% (22/63) of PUD patients had gastric ulcer and 65.9% (41/63) had duodenal ulcer. There was statistically a significant association between sex (p=0.001), use of NSAIDs (p=0.001), smoking cigarette (p=0.014), alcohol consumption (p=0.028), and PUD. Conclusion Although PUD trended as more prevalent among patients with blood group O than other blood group types their association was not statistically significant.
View
Lifitegrast: First LFA-1/ICAM-1 antagonist for treatment of dry eye disease
Article
Full-text available
  • Sep 2016
  • DRUG TODAY
Dry eye disease is an extremely common condition affecting millions worldwide. The underlying pathophysiological mechanism is thought to be localized inflammation of the ocular surface resulting in the localization of T cells at this surface followed by their activation and subsequent liberation of cytokines. This effect on T cells results from the binding of lymphocyte function-associated antigen- 1 (LFA-1) located on T cells to intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (ICAM-1) expressed on inflamed epithelium and endothelium, and on T cells. Lifitegrast is a T-cell integrin antagonist designed to mimic ICAM-1, thus blocking the interaction of LFA-1 and ICAM-1. Lifitegrast enters the systemic circulation to a limited extent thus reducing the likelihood of unwanted systemic reactions. Clinical trials in over 2,500 subjects with dry eye disease have shown that 5.0% lifitegrast given by ocular instillation causes a significant reduction in objective and subjective signs and symptoms of the disease. These beneficial effects are associated with a relatively low incidence of unwanted effects, almost all local in nature. In light of these findings, lifitegrast was approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in 2016 for the treatment of dry eye disease, the first drug with this mechanism of action to be so approved.
View
ABO blood group associations with markers of endothelial dysfunction in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis
Article
Full-text available
  • Jun 2016
Background and aims: ABO blood type is associated with cardiovascular disease, although the underlying mechanisms are presumed to be complex. While the relationship between non-O blood types and von Willebrand Factor (vWF) is well-established, associations with cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) across diverse populations are understudied. Methods: We genetically inferred ABO alleles for N = 6202 participants from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Linear regression was used to evaluate associations between major ABO allele dosages and log-transformed measurements of vWF (N = 924), soluble E-selectin (sE-selectin, N = 925), soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin, N = 2392), and soluble ICAM-1 (sICAM-1, N = 2236) by race/ethnicity. Results: For the selectins, the A1 allele was associated with significantly lower levels for all races/ethnicities, with each additional allele resulting in a 28-39% decrease in sE-selectin and 10-18% decrease in sP-selectin relative to Type O subjects. However, the A2 allele demonstrated effect heterogeneity across race/ethnicity for sE-selectin, with lower levels for non-Hispanic whites (p = 0.0011) but higher levels for Hispanics (p = 0.0021). We also identified elevated sP-selectin levels for B-allele carriers solely in Hispanic participants (p = 1.0E-04). ABO-by-race/ethnicity interactions were significant for both selectins (p < 0.0125). More modest associations were observed between A1 allele dosage and levels of sICAM-1, with ABO alleles explaining 0.8-1.1% of the total phenotypic variation within race/ethnicity. ABO associations with vWF activity were consistent across race/ethnicity, with B allele carriers corresponding to the highest vWF activity levels. Conclusions: ABO blood type demonstrates complex associations with endothelial markers that are largely generalizable across diverse populations.
View
Novel association of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 and soluble P-selectin with the ABO blood group in a Chinese population
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2016
Recent studies have reported that the ABO gene can affect circulating expression levels of soluble intercellular adhesion molecule 1 (sICAM-1) and soluble P-selectin (sP-selectin) in Caucasians. However, several factors may affect the association, including the distribution and variations of the ABO gene, ethnic diversity and the inflammatory response status. The aim of the present study was to investigate this issue in Asian subjects of various blood groups. A total of 800 blood samples were randomly selected from healthy blood donors. The ABO blood groups were examined using standard serological tests, and ABO genotypes of group A and group AB specimens were analyzed. Plasma concentrations of sICAM-1 and sP-selectin were detected by standard enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays. In healthy Chinese individuals, blood group A was detected to be significantly associated with lower circulating expression levels of sICAM-1 and sP-selectin, compared with group O. Individuals with ≥1 A1 allele had significantly lower expression levels of sICAM-1 and sP-selectin compared with all other ABO groups. The data indicate the significant association of ABO blood group antigens with sICAM-1 and sP-selectin expression levels in a healthy Chinese population, independent of the specific variations and distributions of ABO blood groups among ethnic populations. This result provides evidence for the previously unidentified role of ABO blood group antigens in the regulation of the inflammatory adhesion process. Accordingly, it can be proposed that ABO blood groups may require consideration when soluble adhesion molecules are identified as predictors for cardiovascular disease.
View
Infection and thrombosis associated with COVID-19: Possible role of the ABO blood group
Article
  • Oct 2020
Background SARS-CoV-2 infection is clinically very heterogeneous, varying from asymptomatic to severe clinical conditions with a fatal outcome. Some studies suggests that the ABO blood group could be a biological marker of susceptibility for the development of the disease. Material and methods We collected data from patients admitted with COVID-19 infection who had ABO blood group recorded, and analyzed the incidence by groups, compared with the global population in Navarre, as well as their main complications and evolution. Results Group O was proportionally less represented in the hospitalized patients with respect to the global population, although the difference was not statistically significant. Group B had significantly higher rates of thrombotic complications and required more admissions in intensive care units. Conclusion The study suggests a lower susceptibility to infection in group O and a higher risk of complications in group B. Studies with a larger sample size are required in order to obtain significant results.
View
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1): an overview
Article
  • Apr 2004
Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) represents a circulating form of ICAM-1 that is constitutively expressed or is inducible on the cell surface of different cell lines. It serves as a counter-receptor for the lymphocyte function-associated antigen (LFA-1). Interaction between ICAM-1, present on endothelial cells, and LFA-1 facilitates leukocyte adhesion and migration across the endothelium. ICAM-1 and its circulating form have been implicated in the development of any number of diseases.
View