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A comparative study on Internet of Things (IoT): Frameworks, Tools, Applications and Future directions
Abstract
The proliferation of the smart and sensing devices in the field of communicating networks support in to develop the so-called Internet of Things (IoT). IoT considers a new paradigm for evolutionary of internet connectivity. IoT refers to connect objects around the real world with the Internet to accomplish the common goals and monitor these objects via wire/wireless communications. It plays a large and important role in human life through its use in many applications of human interest. Through using a variety of enabling wireless technologies as Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Radio Frequency Identification (RFID), Near Filed Communication (NFC), and barcode in the applications. These technologies will support IoT to transform the internet into a fully integrated future internet. This paper attempts to provide a comprehensive survey of the available literature related to IoT technologies and its applications in many areas of modern-day living. Identify the trend and directions of future research in IoT applications, depend on a comprehensive literature review and the discussion of the achievements of the researchers.
... Symmetric key management scheme is a fundamental challenge for cryptography and big data access in IoT (Mohamed, 2021). ...
In recent years, the growth of internet-based technologies increased at a rapid pace. The development of technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT) influenced the enormous increase in the use of data and internet services. IoT devices use different algorithms for facilitating connectivity between devices and control them. However, ensuring smooth connectivity using protocols across a shared medium of network resources is challenging. IoT ecosystems utilize several routing algorithms to deliver the best path/ route for network traffic to control cyber physical systems. These routing algorithms allow IoT networks to use network routes, thereby increasing network traffic mobility effectively. So, a comprehensive survey is needed, which paves the path for researchers. Specifically, this survey investigates and compares the routing solutions in the IoT environment from different perspectives than current surveys such as safety, flow control of data and other essential parameters in IoT physical and nonphysical systems.
... Internet of things consists of technologies like bar code scanning and integration, sensors without wires, RFID (Radio Frequency Identification) [38]. The availability and allocation of Production resources and inventiveness details are manifested by Cloud computing manufacturing [39]. ...
The aim of current work is to analyze the hurdles for enhancing sustainable lean operations in the generation of digital era and green revolution. As companies are struggling to edge the appearing opportunities for preserving sustainability considering green regulations in global marketplace. To achieve the objective of sustainability, Systemized literature reviews conducted along with professionals’ opinion. An analysis distinguished significant nine sustainable parameters of green revolution (SPCE) and 15 lean sustainable hurdles (ELH) within desirability bonds for lean environmental-friendly operations. An integrated technique represents AHP–ELECTRE is used to examine these hurdles for achieving sustainable lean operations in organization value chain. Numerous hurdles are related to digitization, such as, lack of practiced manpower that realize digital technology, Inadequate regulations & command, purposeless achievement framework and focus of short timing targets. This research work finds incompetent policies for combination of digitization alongside green estimates, integrated along with deficiency of capital for digitization drives, consist of 2 vital hurdles. An investigation of current study is built upon the viewpoint of 5 knowledgeable in field of manufacturing units. Consequently, outcome of current work may not universal due to opinions might disagree from company to company. The research work can help industry experts to call attention for putting efforts to digitalize or automatize operating processes regarding sustainable operations and resourcefulness circularity. Preservation of resources are especially significant in current situation of circularity. The outcomes of this work will assist organizations to build a constructive and combined actionable guidelines which will promote lean eco-friendly production in value chain using refined understanding of digitization and zero waste.
... Since the invention of the vending machine in the 1980s, the Internet of Things (IoT) has been a concept to bring computers, networks, and machines to improve our daily life. Many hardware, software and networking technologies such as Radio Frequency IDentification (RFID), Near Field Communication (NFC), Wireless Sensor Network, Cloud computing, Edge computing, etc. [1,2] are emerged, forming various IoT platforms, and successfully reach different goals, such as the smart home. Basically, IoT is used to describe devices (mostly embedded systems) with sensors that connect and exchange data with other devices or systems on the Internet or other communication networks. ...
Internet of Things (IoT) is used to describe devices with sensors that connect and exchange data with other devices or systems on the Internet or other communication networks. Actually, the data not only represent the concrete things connected but also describe the abstract matters related. Therefore, it is expected to support trust on IoT since blockchain was invented so that trusted IoT could be possible or, recently, even metaverse could be imaginable. However, IoT systems are usually composed of a lot of device nodes with limited computing power. The built-in unsolved performance and energy-consumption problems in blockchain become more critical in IoT. The other problems such as finality, privacy, or scalability introduce even more complexity so that trusted IoT is still far from realization, let alone the metaverse. With general Proof of Work (GPoW), the energy consumption of Bitcoin can be reduced to less than 1 billionth and proof of PowerTimestamp (PoPT) can be constructed so that a global even ordering can be reached to conduct synchronization on distributed systems in real-time. Therefore, trusted IoT is possible. We reintroduce GPoW with more mathematic proofs so that PoPT can be optimal and describe how PoPT can be realized with simulation results, mining examples and synchronization scenario toward trusted IoT.
... e key technologies used to realize the system include three aspects: digital twin-related technology to realize real-time interactive control of ICR information space and physical space, ontology technology to describe control services, and a web visualization technology that integrates various modules and provides human-computer interaction and remote monitoring functions. e digital twin technologies used include "machineobject-environment" interconnection technologies in physical space, such as distributed collaborative control of heterogeneous resources, resource status awareness access (such as distributed RFID and smart meters), and multisource data encapsulation [23,24]; virtual robot modeling and operation simulation technology, such as "elementbehavior-rule" multidimensional modeling, model fusion, and model operation simulation and verification; digital twin ICR operation technology, such as real-time interaction and control of virtual and real space; and twin data management technologies, such as virtual-real bidirectional mapping and data-structured cluster storage [25]. ...
Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been shown to be effective in the treatment of diseases such as malaria, being better understood and accepted by the world. TCM physical health management is based on the policy of “preventive disease,” comprehensively collects patients’ information, and provides timely and appropriate rehabilitation guidance to achieve the best nursing effect. However, the current TCM physical health management has not been understood by the public, and the effect of its nursing evaluation has not been concluded yet. Therefore, this paper aims to design a TCM physical health management training and learning system based on digital twin technology and to evaluate and analyze the nursing effect. For TCM physical health management training, this paper designed a training system based on the VIKOR algorithm. Based on digital twin technology, the training can be carried out at different times and places, and the teaching content can also be displayed in real time through the cloud platform, which intuitively and comprehensively reflects the teaching content. For the evaluation of nursing effect, this paper selected 100 patients and divided them into two groups to compare the nursing effect of TCM physical health management and general Western medicine nursing. The experimental results of this paper found that the nursing effect of TCM physical health management is 20%–60% better than that of Western medicine nursing in terms of blood pressure, TCM syndromes, exercise tolerance, and quality of life.
... In the embedded system, IoT technologies are broadly used to integrate wireless objects for information collection, processing, and facilitating the physical world [21][22][23]. The data gathering and transmission depend on various parameters including computing power, storage space, and energy utilization. ...
Wireless technology is offering numerous growth to develop communication systems. The Internet of Things (IoT) is combined with the sensing ecosystem to transfer and process the physical environment. Recently, IoT devices have collaborated with wireless devices to improve embedded medical applications. Many solutions are proposed to decrease the power consumption of the sensing ecosystem and support the health industry. However, optimizing the transformation of collected data with lightweight power consumption is still a burning research issue. Moreover, uncontrolled network devices and healthcare professionals are remotely accessed by such embedded systems. Thus, securing sensitive information is also a significant factor for mobile communications. Therefore, this research presents an optimized embedded healthcare industry model with lightweight computing using a wireless body area network (WBAN), aiming to lessen the control overheads and improve the power consumption in mobile e-health services. To begin, it employs an optimal learning algorithm to lower the management costs of embedded systems in order to transform and administer the electronic health record (EHR) more efficiently. Second, with the help of trustworthy gateways, it delivers a safe EHR algorithm as well as lightweight computing resources for embedded systems. The proposed model is tested with a variety of experiments and demonstrates its significant improvement over state-of-the-art techniques.
The Internet of Things (IoT) technology connects multiple types of physical devices with different functionalities, communication protocols, and capabilities. With the advance progresses in IoT technology, the provision of a platform that allows the users of IoT to communicate and interact directly with their connected devices and manage and control them easily and smoothly through that platform from anywhere at any time becomes a necessity. This will protect the users’ privacy when they use their IoT devices. This paper aims to develop a website application that addresses these challenges and provides real-time data management. As a result, we designed a user-interface prototype, which demonstrates the idea of IoT website manager and provides a trial version of the implementation. Since the suggested platform is aimed to improve the user’s insight about the IoT devices, the proposed prototype creates a platform that enables the user to control different types of IoT devices remotely. Also, the website prototype indicates that it is a user-friendly platform, can be used effortlessly, and does not need any technical experience. Users can access and collect information concerning their connected IoT devices and monitor, manage and control them.
Recent technological advances in wireless communications and wireless sensor networks have enabled the design of low-cost, intelligent, tiny, and lightweight medical sensor nodes that can be strategically placed on human body, create a wireless body area network (WBAN) to monitor various physiological vital signs for a long period of time and providing real-time feedback to the user and medical staff via SMS/E-mail. Remote patient monitoring is an alternative to regular home checkups of patients with certain special medical conditions or the elderly who are unable to regularly visit a healthcare facility. In this paper, wireless technologies are used to reduce the number of home visits which are now only required when special attention is needed. In this paper, sensors were used to collect physiological data from patients and transmit it to Intelligent Personal digital Assistant (IPDA) using ZigBee/IEEE802.15.4 standard and to medical server using 3G communications. The main advantage of this system is to speed up and extend the communication coverage to improve convenience. Priority scheduling and data compression is introduced into the system to increase transmission rate of physiological critical signals which improve bandwidth utilization. This paper discusses remote monitoring of patients health using wireless sensor networks (WSNs).
IoT is an emerging technology wherein billions of sensors from multiple vendors are embedded with the
daily objects are interconnected together to sense the data continuously depending on the context and sends these data
over the internet to the central database. Data analytics in tern provides the required contextual result. This leads to
comfortable life with minimum or without human intervention. This paper addresses working of IoT, general IoT
architecture by considering two scenarios where we have also differentiated number of layers required for the different
applications. The most important factor of IoT is to understand the essential components required to build IoT and the
integration of different communication technologies. For such a scenario, our study paper mainly concentrates on the
essential elements to build IoT, different IoT communication technologies and different application domains, which
helps the students, researchers and those who can further contribute.
Fires usually occur in homes because of carelessness and changes in environmental conditions. They cause threats to the residential community and may result in human death and property damage. Consequently, house fires must be detected early to prevent these types of threats. The immediate notification of a fire is the most critical issue in domestic fire detection systems. Fire detection systems using wireless sensor networks sometimes do not detect a fire as a consequence of sensor failure. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) consist of tiny, cheap, and low-power sensor devices that have the ability to sense the environment and can provide real-time fire detection with high accuracy. In this paper, we designed and evaluated a wireless sensor network using multiple sensors for early detection of house fires. In addition, we used the Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) to avoid false alarms. To test the results of our fire detection system, we simulated a fire in a smart home using the Fire Dynamics Simulator and a language program. The simulation results showed that our system is able to detect early fire, even when a sensor is not working, while keeping the energy consumption of the sensors at an acceptable level.
The increasing demand for food, both in terms of quantity and quality, has raised the need for intensification and industrialisation of the agricultural sector. The "Internet of Things" (IoT) is a highly promising family of technologies which is capable of offering many solutions towards the modernisation of agriculture. Scientific groups and research institutions , as well as the industry, are in a race trying to deliver more and more IoT products to the agricultural business stakeholders, and, eventually, lay the foundations to have a clear role when IoT becomes a mainstream technology. At the same time Cloud Computing, which is already very popular, and Fog Computing provide sufficient resources and solutions to sustain, store and analyse the huge amounts of data generated by IoT devices. The management and analysis of IoT data ("Big Data") can be used to automate processes, predict situations and improve many activities, even in real-time. Moreover, the concept of interoperability among heterogeneous devices inspired the creation of the appropriate tools, with which new applications and services can be created and give an added value to the data flows produced at the edge of the network. The agricultural sector was highly affected by Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) technologies and is expected to be equally benefited by the IoT. In this article, a survey of recent IoT technologies, their current penetration in the agricultural sector, their potential value for future farmers and the challenges that IoT faces towards its propagation is presented.
New application and businesses are created continuously with the help of technology through the internet. IoT(Internet of Things) can assist in integration of communication, control and information processing across various transportation systems. In public transportation, there is lack of real time information. The public transit usage can be improved if real time information of the vehicle such as the seating availability, current location and time taken to reach the destination are provided with easier access. It would also be helpful for the passengers to find alternate choices depending on their circumstances. As excessive long waiting often discourage the travelers and makes them reluctant to take buses. A smart information system has been proposed where the travelers get prior information about current location, next location of bus and crowd level inside the bus. This system is designed using ARDUINO UNO, IR Sensor and GPS Module. An Intelligent Transport System (ITS) removes the barriers for public transport usage and creates the positive impact about the bus journey.
As a new revolution of the Internet, Internet of Things (IoT) is rapidly gaining ground as a new research topic in many academic and industrial disciplines, especially in healthcare. Remarkably, due to the rapid proliferation of wearable devices and smartphone, the Internet of Things enabled technology is evolving healthcare from conventional hub based system to more personalised healthcare system (PHS). However, empowering the utility of advanced IoT technology in PHS is still significantly challenging in the area considering many issues, like shortage of cost-effective and accurate smart medical sensors, unstandardized IoT system architectures, heterogeneity of connected wearable devices, multi-dimensionality of data generated and high demand for interoperability. In an effect to understand advance of IoT technologies in PHS, this paper will give a systematic review on advanced IoT enabled PHS. It will review the current research of IoT enabled PHS, and key enabling technologies, major IoT enabled applications and successful case studies in healthcare, and finally point out future research trends and challenges.
