Mohd Hafiz Fazalul Rahiman

Universiti Malaysia Perlis | unimap · Faculty of Electrical Engineering Technology

Inefficient storage of paddy and rice grains can lead to grain deterioration, resulting in post-harvest losses ranging from 10% to 30%. The quality of grains cannot be improved throughout the storage period. Therefore, following the mechanisation of agricultural industries, air dryers have been developed to control the crops’ moisture level by blow...

It is imperative to ensure that building inspectors have adequate resources and tools to conduct their inspections efficiently and effectively. Relying solely on manual labour to check for wall cracks is inconvenient and may prove inefficient and poor use of time and financial recourses. Besides, there are concerns regarding the need for skilled in...

Concrete is a composite material that is widely used in a construction project. The evaluation of concrete structure is very important in order to determine its strength and quality. Concrete is commonly evaluated by using the ultrasonic pulse velocity (UPV) method, which adopted the concept of measuring time of a first arrival of the received sign...

Brain tumours resulted from the irregular growth and cell division within the skull, indicating a highrisk for malignancies to develop and can lead to brain injury or even death. The brain tumour can affectnervoussystem’s function based on the tumour’s growth rate and location. Early detection of brain tumour is essential to improve patients’ survi...

Recent advancements in microwave tomography (MT) imaging studies have stimulated interest in antenna array development for medical imaging. An antenna and a model of the human head are required for the medical MT system, particularly in detecting brain tumors. Previous studies have shown that antenna arrays are more reliable as compared to a single...

Global path planning techniques have been widely employed in solving path planning problems, however they have been found to be unsuitable for unknown environments. Contrarily, the traditional Q-learning method, which is a common reinforcement learning approach for local path planning, is unable to complete the task for multiple targets. To address...

Image reconstruction for soft-field tomography is a highly nonlinear and ill-posed inverse problem. Owing to the highly complicated nature of soft-field, the reconstructed images are always poor in quality. One of the factors that affect image quality is the number of sensors in a tomography system. It is commonly assumed that increasing the number...

Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) is a visualization tomographic modality that provides cross-sectional distribution information of any kind of multiphase flow. The paper aims to overcome the problems in the coal power plant which are sedimentation of pulverised coal in the piping system before entering boiler system and non-uniform of its ve...

Fetal Blood Sampling (FBS) is the term used to describe the current method of monitoring the foetal condition within the mother’s womb. FBS required the medical officer to make a small incision on the foetus’s head in order to collect blood for analysis of the blood pH level in order to prevent acidosis or foetal hypoxia. The FBS method, on the oth...

In decades, single-modality technique focuses on particular application such as liquid/gas, gas/solid, liquid/liquid and liquid/solid which has drawbacks in imaging complex flow with multiple components. This paper focuses on the development of dual-modality tomography system (DMT) integrating ultrasonic tomography and electrical resistance tomogra...

This paper proposes a novel method to detect moisture hotspots and irregularities in rice grain storage using low-cost passive UHF RFID technology. Experiments were designed with a UHF RFID handheld reader to test rice moisture levels of 12%, 16%, 20% and 24%. Two containers were used in the study where Container A was filled with grains with a 12%...

One of the critical steps in the post-production of paddy rice is to be stored in conditions that need to be controlled, especially the moisture content (MC) of the grains. The ability to determine and control moisture is a very important aspect of maintaining grain quality. This study aims to detect the MC of rice grain using UHF RFID technology....

Moisture content (MC) is the weight of water contained in rice and other grains expressed in percent. Accurate MC testing is essential for managing and selling the paddy and rice, depending on the marketing goals. Inaccurate MC measurement leads to lower head rice, extra drying cost, and a loss of quality, whereas spoilage and harvesting losses if...

Fetal acidosis is one of the main concerns during labor. Currently, fetal blood sampling (FBS) has become the most accurate measurement of acidosis detection. However, it is invasive and does not provide a real time measurement due to laboratory procedures. Delays in diagnosis of acidosis have caused serious injury to the fetus, especially for the...

The moisture content of stored rice is dependent on the surrounding and environmental factors which in turn affect the quality and economic value of the grains. Therefore, the moisture content of grains needs to be measured frequently to ensure that optimum conditions that preserve their quality are maintained. The current state of the art for mois...

The moisture content of stored rice is dependent on the surrounding and environmental factors which in turn affect the quality and economic value of the grains. Therefore, the moisture content of grains needs to be measured frequently to ensure that optimum conditions that preserve their quality are maintained. The current state of the art for mois...

Objective: This paper presents the analyses of the fatigue effect on the cross-talk in mechanomyography (MMG) signals of extensor and flexor forearm muscles during pre- and post-fatigue maximum voluntary isometric contraction (MVIC). Methods: Twenty male participants performed repetitive submaximal (60% MVIC) grip muscle contractions to induce m...

Grain storage is an important part of the post-harvest quality assurance process. The moisture level of the grains during storage is one of the primary problems. The current method of measuring rice grain moisture content is based on random sampling, which is relatively localised, and there is no real-time moisture content measurement available. Th...

Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) enables a large number of object monitoring since semi/passive tags are independent of batteries. In our previous work, the possibility of using different wireless technologies such as Wireless Sensor Network (WSN), Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) and Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) to determine the mo...

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) is an emerging imaging technique that utilizes the shadowing losses on links between multiple pairs of wireless nodes within the sensing area to estimate the attenuation of physical objects. By using an image reconstruction algorithm, the attenuations caused by the physical objects will be transformed into a tomograp...

Monitoring of fetal condition during labor could save hundred lives in a single year. During labor, fetus is at critical condition as acidosis may occur suddenly without any early symptoms. Invasive method such as Fetal Blood Sampling (FBS) has been used to detect the decline in pH level of fetus. However, fetal loss rate after FBS may range from 1...

This study investigates the developments of a new experimental setup for the detection of air and solid blockage inside pipes. Earlier research utilized a hollow capillary composed of thin plastic material to detect the existence of air inside the pipeline. The experimental setup is even easier for detecting solids. Prior to the experiment, a simul...

The growing significance of cancerous tissue including brain tumour requires a fast and efficient technology detection. The most current technologies being applied for brain imaging system are Computed Tomography (CT) scan and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI). Whilst these two detection applications are very well established, both systems are expen...

Radio tomographic imaging (RTI) is an emerging imaging technique that utilizes the shadowing losses on links between multiple pairs of wireless nodes within the monitoring area to estimate the attenuation of physical objects. In recent years, RTI has gained huge interest from the researchers in device-free localization (DFL) fielddue to its ability...

The accuracy is the main factor in developing the localization system. However, due to the environmental noise and interference, the accuracy of localization has been affected. Since Device-free Localization has a multipath problem, thus Radio Frequency Tomography (RTI) has been introduced. This approach is used to localize the human position. This...

This manuscript presents a new method to monitor and localize the moisture distribution in a rice silo based on tomography images. Because the rice grain is naturally hygroscopic, the stored grains’ quality depends on their level of moisture content. Higher moisture content leads to fibre degradation, making the grains too frail and possibly milled...

Deep learning is a sub-field of machine learning, which inspired by the structure of human brain where it is composed with a lot of neurons that each of them able to perform a simple operation and interact with each other to make a decision. In recent years, deep learning has grown exponentially and have brought revolutionary advances in computer v...

Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT), due to its diverse advantages has become a promising technique for monitoring and analysing various industrial flows. In this research, an ERT system employing a conducting bubble column was studied because a majority of industrial processes use metal composites for their columns. This paper presents an appro...

Seasonal crops require reliable storage conditions to protect the yield once harvested. For long term storage, controlling the moisture content level in grains is challenging because existing moisture measuring techniques are time-consuming and laborious as measurements are carried out manually. The measurements are carried out using a sample and m...

Radio Frequency Tomography (RTI) is a technique use to localize the human position. This approach offers great potential in monitoring activities such as perimeter surveillance monitoring, virtual fence for farm monitoring, and residential monitoring. Conventionally, RTI uses Linear Back Projection algorithm (LBP) to reconstruct the tomographic ima...

In a sewage system, congealed mass is created by mixing non-biodegradable solid matter with fat, oil and grease. Congealed mass might cause a sewer blockage and overflow. This issue may impose a risk to public health and environment. It also leads to increased operational and maintenance costs of sewer system. A robust and durable sensor system are...

This research presents an application of optical tomography for the detection of gas bubbles flowing in a liquid medium. In order to visualise the material inside the pipeline, parallel beam projection had been selected. However, while producing the image, some constraints such as diffraction and reflection in liquid medium will happen, where it wi...

Radio Tomographic Imaging (RTI) is an emerging technology for imaging the attenuation caused by physical objects in wireless networks that perform wireless receive signal strength (RSS) measurements obtain a reconstruction of objects inside an area of interest to know the different moisture content of rice in the silo. The simulation results analys...

This paper presents an analysis of the received signal strength indicator (RSSI) from the radio frequency signals for human identification in an indoor wireless sensor network (WSN). Instead of using closed-circuit television as the existing security platform, this indoor safety system was improved with a convenient, cheap, and low-power solution....

Meningitis remains one of the common infections among young children with high morbidity and mortality rates. In Southeast Asian, only few studies were reported published which evaluated meningitis clinically in the last two decades. Similarly, few studies in Malaysia evaluated meningitis among adolescents and children. Globally, more than one mill...

This paper is to evaluate different imaging method to reconstruct the image of phantom located in a concrete medium. This research uses three types of image reconstruction technique such as NOSER prior, Laplace prior and Total Variation (TV) to image the different numbers and sizes of steel in concrete. The reconstructed images undergo image qualit...

This study examines the cross-correlation coefficient of Mechanomyography (MMG) signals recorded from Palmaris Longus (PL), Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS), Extensor Digitorum (ED) and Extensor Carpi Ulnaris (ECU) of forearm muscles during isometric muscle action. Nine healthy participants using dominant hand (mean±SD: age=24.78±1.79 year) vol...

A brief review on the dielectric properties of grain and their use in sensing moisture content is presented. Dielectric constant and loss factor were defined generally, and their correlation with grain permittivity from historical studies is presented. References are cited on dielectric measurement techniques using various frequency ranges from rad...

Outdoor localisation can offer great capabilities in security and perimeter surveillance applications. The localisation of people become more challenges when involving with the nonlinear environment. GPS and CCTV are two localisation techniques usually use to localise human in an outdoor environment. However, they have weaknesses which result in lo...

The moisture distribution in the silos depends upon various seeds parameters such as type and size of seeds, amount of storage, external weather, and storage period as well as structural and environmental factors. It is very difficult to predict moisture distribution in silos effectively while taking all the above aspects into consideration. This s...

Biomagnetic stimulation is a treatment uses the application of magnetic field principle for a therapeutic purpose. This non-invasive therapeutic technique use low frequency electromagnetic field which is less than 10 MHz. In transcranial application, electromagnetic field is use to stimulate the brain tissue for the people affected by weaken neurol...

Agarwood or its scientific name, Aquilaria is an expensive and precious non-timber forest product. The problems faced by the agarwood industry are the indiscriminate harvesting of agarwood and ineffective identification and inspection process of Aquilaria tree by agarwood prospectors and researchers. Hence, microwave tomography (MWT) is proposed to...

Surface Mechanomyography (MMG) is the recording of mechanical activity of muscle tissue. MMG measures the mechanical signal (vibration of muscle) that generated from the muscles during contraction or relaxation action. It is widely used in various fields such as medical diagnosis, rehabilitation purpose and engineering applications. The main purpos...

Device-Free Localization (DfL) exploits the radio signal irregularities, hence can be used as an assistive technology to detect the moving entities, e.g. people, without the need for wearable devices. However, most of DfL systems employ omni-directional antennas, where the localization accuracy of these systems experienced the complex multipath pro...

The existence of foreign objects in crystalclear water in beverage industries may cause major safety and health issues. The current observation of solid contamination such as X-Ray and metal detector involves hazardous radiation. Some of the sensors applied intrusive and invasive techniques. This may cause the instability of the process flow. There...

In this paper, experimental data of acoustic treatments effect on the growth of mung beans based on three response variables (length of stem, number of leaves, length of the longest root) are analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) followed by descriptive discriminant analysis (DDA). Musical acoustics has been discovered to be sig...

[This is the final draft prior to the publication]-Over the past few decades, human activity monitoring has grabbed considerable research attentions due to greater demand for human-centric applications in healthcare and assisted living. For instance, human activity monitoring can be adopted in smart building system to improve the building managemen...

This research presents an application of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography system. Optical tomography is a non-invasive and non-intrusive method of capturing a cross-sectional image of multiphase flow. The measurements are based on the final light intensity received by the sensor and this approach is...

Crude Oil Mixture has been a concern research area for many researchers and organization. Because of the importance of oil and its component, in order to separate and measure its components, which considered as black gold for 20th century till now. Non-invasive ultrasonic tomography has been applied to investigate and differentiate the verity of cr...

Optical tomography is a method to capture a crosssectional image based on the data obtained by sensors, distributed around the periphery of the analyzed system. This system is based on the measurement of the final light attenuation or absorption of radiation after crossing the measured objects. Number of sensor views will affect the results of imag...

The non-invasive technique is one of the favourite methods applied in process plants, compared to other sensing techniques. Due to certain advantages, this technique is also implemented in process tomography such as in non-invasive ERT systems for multiphase mixtures. The purpose of this paper is to investigate the optimum size of the area of the e...

Image reconstruction software and its image reconstruction algorithm are an important step towards constructing a tomography system. This paper demonstrates an image reconstruction of solid profile using linear back projection (LBP) algorithm and global threshold. A forward problem and inverse problem are discussed. The modelled of sensitivity dist...

The decay of wood in a standing tree is often the cause of tree failure. However, the accurate measurement of decay and the non-invasive sensing is still in its infancy. A review of the current sensing methods commonly used for decay detection in standing trees is presented. Methods are compared in terms of the fundamental of measurements, hardware...

In this paper, we present simulative and experimental studies into ultrasonic sensors to provide void fraction measurements in a chemical bubble column using the ultrasonic tomographic (UT) technique. Firstly, the UT laboratory setup is discussed. Finite element (FE) analysis was performed according to the physical dimensions of the UT system. Degr...

The purpose of this paper is to model the ultrasonic tomography on the E-glass fibre reinforced epoxy composite pipe for process monitoring and control.Finite element software and mathematical estimation were applied to model and study the ultrasound wave propagation, especially the reflection and transmission coefficient. While there is a signific...

Electrical resistancetomography (ERT) is well known as non-invasive imaging technique, inexpensive, radiation free, visualization measurements of the multiphase flows and frequently applied in geophysical,medical and Industrial Process Tomography (IPT) applications. Application of ERT in concrete is a new exploration field, which can be used in mon...

Microwave frequency has the potential to assist and improve forest product industry in terms of quality and quantity. Consequently, it has been selected to perform non-destructive inspection on wood which is defected or contains resin internally. This paper describes an experiment to determine the relationship between the attenuation of microwave s...

An application of charge-coupled device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography (OPT) system is presented. The measurements are based on the final light intensity received by the sensor. The aim is to analyse and demonstrate the capability of laser with a CCD in an OPT system for detecting transparent objects in crystal clear w...

Basically, Electrical impedance tomography is a new technique in monitoring and imaging cross sectional images and physical state of objects by measuring the internal impedance distribution. This paper presents the design of a microscopic electrical impedance tomography system, which is a non-destructive approach that has the capability to interpre...

A study of acoustic wave transmission through obstacles and boundary surface for ultrasonic tomography applications has been carried out. Ultrasonic tomography for water - crude oil two phase flow sensing relies upon the complex ratio of sound pressure to particle velocity which is the acoustic impedance matching. According to Snell's Law, the ultr...

An image reconstruction algorithm in process tomography is very important in ensure that the reconstructed image is satisfied. The back-projection algorithm is the most popular algorithm applied in process tomography including a linear back-projection (LBP) algorithm and a filtered back-projection (FBP) algorithm. The objectives of this paper are:...

Tomography is a method to capture a cross-sectional image based on the data obtained by sensors, distributed around the periphery of the analyzed system. Optical tomography is one of the tomography methods which are non-invasive and non-intrusive system, consisting of emitter with detectors. Combinations of Charge-Coupled Device and low intensity l...

This paper presents the development of online data acquisition unit for Optical Tomography (OT) system based on Field Programmable Gates Array (FPGA). This design is to overcome the long conversion delay in Analog to Digital Converter (ADC) using a microcontroller that has been proposed previously for OT system although FPGA has been used in other...

A wideband microstrip-based textile planar antenna with artificial magnetic conductor (AMC) plane is presented. The antenna is initially designed using the combination of two rectangular microstrip antennas operating at 1.5 and 2.5 GHz before being further optimized for wideband operation using various broadbanding techniques. This optimized radiat...

Tomography is a method to capture a cross-sectional image based on the data obtained by sensors, distributed around the periphery of the analyzed system. Optical tomography is one of the tomography methods which are non-invasive and non-intrusive system, consisting of emitter with detectors. Most of the available detectors systems are intrusive whe...

This paper presents the modification of Linear Back Projection (LBP) algorithm for the FPGA implementation purposed. Image reconstruction process is a vital process in tomography system. In order to implement the reconstruction process on FPGA, a slight modification is needed which is digitalize all the floating number of all sensitivity maps matri...

To meet the increasing world demands for energy, the rate of depletion of non-renewable energy sources must be reduced while emerging alternative renewable energy sources. Renewable Energy (RE) is a clean energy that produces no harm to earth and this can be done by increasing the overall thermal efficiency of conventional power plants. Thus a stud...

Energy can neither be created or be destroyed and can only be transform from one form to another. Pressure is a kind of energy that is exerted almost all the time as force and can be either reused within the same process or transferred to another process. Force or when it converts into energy is called potential energy and free of charge energy. Th...

Modelling and experiments are pragmatic methods for verifying the performance of any design. Fundamentally, modelling is the first step to ensure that a design is created according to the desired characteristics. The experimental approach allows the examination of the modelling behaviour in a real environment and the verification of the design’s co...

Conventional fetal scalp blood sampling required an invasive measurement to detect fetal hypoxia in fetus. This paper describes non-invasive technique employing single channel magnetic induction technique as a solution to replace conventional technique nowadays. The objective of the simulation is to evaluate the magnetic induction spectroscopy setu...

This research presents an application of Charge Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography system. These optoelectronic sensors are believed to detect solid objects rather than transparent objects. Based on the research results, the development of optical tomography system using Charge Coupled Device (CCD) and laser...

Search and Rescue (SAR) team used dip stick to measure the water depth and identify the badly eroded area and a guide line will be placed to assist them. However, ground erosion is unpredictable coupled with unknown sizes make the SAR task more difficult thus posing grave danger to SAR team in action. Therefore, this current method is no longer rel...

Current fetal acidosis diagnosis needs an invasive measurement which required a doctor to puncture fetal scalp to acquire blood pH. This method introduced risk to the fetal which fetal scalp may bruise and infected. This paper discusses a noninvasive method employing a single channel magnetic induction spectroscopy technique as an alternative metho...

The aims of this paper are to provide a review of the process tomography applications employing field programmable gate arrays (FPGA) and to understand current FPGA related researches, in order to seek for the possibility to applied FPGA technology in an ultrasonic process tomography system. FPGA allows users to implement complete systems on a prog...

This paper presents the measurement strategy of Electrical Resistance Tomography (ERT) for a system using underground investigation and comparison with other application such as conducting vessel pipe and concrete. Measurement of electrical strategy commonly used are adjacent strategy, opposite strategy, diagonal strategy and bounding conducting. T...

The needs for non-invasive technique in breast cancer detection could enhance and preserve the future of medical field in Malaysia as well as countries around the world. Breast cancer has become the main concern nowadays not only for women but for man as well. In overall, the risk of women getting breast cancer is higher than man due to the denser...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to conduct a review of types of tomographic systems that have been widely researched within the past 10 years. Decades of research on non-invasively and non-intrusively visualizing and monitoring gas-liquid multi-phase flow in process plants in making sure that the industrial system has high quality control. Pro...

In this work, we aim to analyse the capability of using a 16-segmented Electrical Capacitance Tomography (ECT) sensor system to monitor the internal composition of a chemical process conveyor that carries crude palm oil (CPO) multiphase flow. The source used to excite the electrodes is a differential potential, instead of the conventional single po...

In this paper we evaluated a single plane ultrasonic tomography sensor and performed some experimentation to reconstruct three-dimensional profiles in a chemical bubble column. An array of 32 ultrasonic sensors was constructed and clamped on the exterior circumference of the column. The information of the profiles was captured based on time-of-flig...

This paper presents the development of image reconstruction for optical tomography using Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) board, DE0 Nano. This design eliminated the need of computer in image reconstruction stage. Therefore, this will simplify the overall design, where the image will be displayed on an Liquid Crystal Display (LCD) only and this...

This research presents an application of Charge-Coupled Device (CCD) linear sensor and laser diode in an optical tomography system. These optoelectronic sensors are believed to detect solid objects rather than transparent objects. Based on the research results, the development of optical tomography system using CCD and laser diode has helped to enh...